UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA 
AT   LOS  ANGELES 


BULLETIN  OF  THE  UNIVERSITY  OF  KANSAS 

VOL.  XXI.  MARCH  15,  1920.  No.  6. 


SCIENCE  BULLETIN 

Vol.  XII,  Nos.  1  and  2 

(Continuation  of  Kansas  University  Quarterly.) 


LAWRENCE,  KANSAS 

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THE  KANSAS  UNIVERSITY  SCIENCE  BULLETIN, 
LAWRENCE,  KAN. 

EDITORIAL  BOARD. 

W.  J.  BAUMGARTNER,  Managing  Editor. 
H.  E.  JORDAN,  Exchange  Editor. 
S.  J.  HUNTER. 

W.  C.  STEVENS. 

W.  S.  HUNTER. 

O.   O.  STOLAND. 


THE 

KANSAS  UNIVERSITY 
SCIENCE  BULLETIN 

VOL.  XII,  No.  1-MARCH  15,  1920 

Whole  Series,  Vol.  XXII,  No.  1. 

ENTOMOLOGY  NUMBER  IV 


CONTENTS: 

THE  CICADELLID;E  OF  KANSAS, 

P.  B.\Lawwn. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 

LAWRENCE.  KAN. 


Knt«-n-d  at  the  post  office  at  Lawrence  as  second  class  matu-i 


KANSAS    STATE    PRINTING    PLANT 

IMRT    ZUMWALT,  STATE,    PKTOTKR 

TOPEKA.     1920 


ro 

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Agria. 

"V.  4- 


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lr- 

u; 
o 

TABLE  OF  CONTENTS. 


INTRODUCTION   5 

^  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS  . ,  8« 
*n 

v  ECONOMIC  IMPORTANCE  OF  THE  CICADELLID^E ". 10 

,x  LIFE  HISTORY  22 

'  NATURAL  ENEMIES 26 

GEOGRAPHICAL  DISTRIBUTION  30 

SYSTEMATIC  POSITION  OF  THE  CICADELLID;E 33 

THE  CHIEF  MORPHOLOGICAL  FEATURES 40 

ATHE  MALE  GENITALIA 44 

RECOGNITION  OF  THE  CICADELLID^ 53 

YSTEMATIC  TREATMENT  OF  THE  KANSAS  SPECIES 54 

297 


289754 


THE  KANSAS  UNIVERSITY 
SCIENCE  BULLETIN 

VOL.  XII,  No.  1.]    MARCH  15,  1920.  [vXS&l 


The  Cicadellidae  of  Kansas." 

BY  P.  B.  LAWSON. 

INTRODUCTION. 

The  first  attempt  to  make  a  list  of  the  Cicadellidx  of  Kan- 
sas seems  to  have  been  made  by  Professor  E.  A.  Popenoe, 
who  in  1885,  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Kansas  Academy  of 
Science,  vol.  IX,  p.  63,  listed  a  few  of  the  members  of  this 
family  that  he  had  personally  collected  in  the  two  preceding 
years.  Nothing  more  seems  to  have  been  done  along  this 
line  till  the  year  1905,  when  there  appeared  a  list  of  the  Kansas 
species  in  the  Transactions  of  the  Kansas  Academy  of  Science, 
vol.  XIX,  p.  235,  by  Mr.  F.  F.  Crevecreur,  in  which  some  eighty 
species  and  varieties  were  reported,  nearly  if  not  all  of  them 
taken  by  himself,  within  a  few  miles  of  his  home  at  Onaga, 
Kan.  He  was  followed  by  Mr.  E.  S.  Tucker,  who  in  1906,  in 
vol.  XX,  part  2,  p.  192,  of  the  same  publication,  added  twenty- 
three  species  to  Mr.  Crevecceur's  list,  all  of  these  species  being 
taken  in  Douglas  county.  A  fourth  list  was  published  in  1907 
by  the  same  writer  in  the  Kansas  University  Science  Bulletin, 
vol.  IV,  p.  65,  where  were  listed  the  species  taken  by  him  in 
Douglas  and  Sedgwick  counties.  And  finally,  in  1911,  there 
appeared  a  complete  list  of  all  the  Cicadellidss  taken  in  the 
state  to  date,  by  Mr.  S.  E.  Crumb,  who  published  his  list,  along 
with  available  host  plant  records,  in  the  Transactions  of  the 
Kansas  Academy  of  Science,  vol.  XXIV,  p.  232. 

*  Submitted  to  the  Department  of  Entomology  and  to  the  graduate  faculty  of  the  Uni 
versity  of  Kansas  in  partial  fulfillment  of  the  requirements  fw  tho  <leeree  of  Doctor  of 
Philosophy. 

Received  for  publication  December  12,  1919. 


6  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE    BULLETIN. 

It  would  seem  that  with  five  lists  already  published  of  the 
Cicadellid  fauna  of  the  state,  that  some  other  group  might 
well  have  been  chosen  for  further  work.  State  lists,  such  as 
the  ones  referred  to,  are  of  great  value  to  systematic  ento- 
mologists in  determining  the  geographical  distribution  and 
limits  of  the  species  enumerated,  but  to  the  beginner,  who 
starts  out  to  get  acquainted  with  the  fauna  of  a  given  region, 
they  cannot  be  of  much  help,  other  than  to  inform  him  that 
he  might  or  ought  to  run  across  the  species  so  listed.  Accord- 
ingly we  have  thought  that  a  systematic  treatise  of  the  known 
Kansas  forms  might  not  be  out  of  place. 

It  has  been  our  aim  to  make  this  paper  something  more  than 
a  state  list.  The  attempt  has  been  made  to  provide,  rather, 
a  sort  of  manual  for  the  study  of  our  native  forms.  Accord- 
ingly keys  have  been  provided  for  the  separation  of  all  the 
groups  down  to  species,  descriptions  have  been  written  for  all 
the  species  known  to  occur  in  the  state,  and,  as  far  as  possible, 
host  plant  and  locality  records  have  been  added  to  assist  in 
the  finding  of  any  desired  species. 

We  have,  moreover,  attempted  to  bring  together  our  latest 
knowledge  concerning  the  economic  importance  of  this  family. 
Many  articles  have  been  written  on  this  subject,  but  each 
treats  only  of  some  particular  phase  of  it.  It  has  been  thought 
that  a  summing  up  of  our  knowledge  on  this  subject  might 
help  to  a  correct  appreciation  of  the  economic  position  of  this 
group. 

The  systematic  position  of  this  and  of  related  families  is 
of  interest  to  the  systematist.  We  have  not  tried  to  advance 
any  essentially  new  ideas  on  the  subject,  but  have  thought  it 
advisable  to  give  what  seem  to  be  the  prevailing  ideas  on 
this  line. 

No  attempt  has  been  made  to  give  a  detailed  description  of 
the  morphology  of  the  Cicadellldse.  We  have  included  only 
a  brief  chapter  on  this  phase,  just  enough  to  enable  one  to 
properly  use  the  keys  and  understand  the  descriptions.  But 
we  have  gone  rather  fully  into  a  study  of  what  we  have  called 
the  "internal  male  genitalia."  This  is  what  may  properly  be 
considered  the  original  part  of  this  paper,  and  therefore  we 
have  devoted  a  whole  chapter  to  its  discussion. 

It  should  be  said  here  that  the  list  of  species  is  by  no  means 
complete.  We  know  of  some  species,  previously  listed  as  oc- 
curring in  the  state,  which  are  here  omitted.  This  has  been 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  7 

done  because  of  what  seem  to  have  been  doubtful  determina- 
tions. We  have  endeavored  to  exclude  every  species  of  the 
occurrence  of  which  in  the  state  we  had  any  doubt.  Accord- 
ingly we  have  practically  confined  ourselves  to  the  species  rep- 
resented in  the  Snow  collection  at  the  University  of  Kansas. 
There  are  other  collections  in  the  state  which  will  yield  addi- 
tional records.  It  is  our  purpose  to  examine  these  as  soon 
as  possible  and  add  to  this  list.  Among  others,  the  collection 
of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College  and  Crevecoeur's  col- 
lection will  yield  further  records,  as  will  the  private  collec- 
tions of  Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  and  others  who  have  collected 
in  the  state.  These  all  should  have  been  included  in  this  paper, 
but  a  combination  of  circumstances  seems  to  have  made  it 
impossible. 

We  have,  however,  included  in  the  keys,  and  given  descrip- 
tions of  a  goodly  number  of  species,  which,  judging  from 
their  known  occurrence,  are  likely  to  be  found  in  the  state. 
We  believe  this  will  add  to  the  usefulness  of  the  paper. 

The  question  of  bibliographies  has  proved  to  be  a  trouble- 
some one.  It  was  finally  decided  to  give  a  rather  full  bibliog- 
raphy for  each  species,  but  to  omit,  except  in  cases  where  the 
bibliography  was  brief,  the  mere  lists  and  those  papers  which 
do  not  distinctly  add  to  our  knowledge  of  the  group.  Ac- 
cordingly we  have  chosen  our  bibliographies  with  a  view  to 
showing  the  course  of  the  synonomy  of  the  species,  and  to 
those  papers  which  give  information  as  to  life  history,  food 
plants,  economic  importance  and  control,  and  those  which  give 
figures  illustrating  the  species.  In  addition  we  have  tried 
to  include  a  list  of  the  papers  which  have  appeared  since  the 
publication  of  Van  Duzee's  catalogue. 


ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 

This  paper  was  started  and  completed  under  the  direction  of 
Prof.  S.  J.  Hunter,  head  of  the  department  of  entomology  in 
Kansas  State  University.  To  him  the  writer  is  greatly  in- 
debted for  making  this  work  possible  and  for  his  ever  readiness 
to  help  with  suggestion  or  with  needed  equipment  or  material. 
Dr.  H.  B.  Hungerford,  of  the  same  department,  has  also  been 
keenly  sympathetic  and  helpful  during  the  carrying  on  of  the 
work. 

Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  kindly  determined  much  material 
for  me,  as  did  Dr.  E.  D.  Ball.  I  am  especially  indebted  to  the 
latter  for  much  help  received  from  him  during  a  period  of  six 
weeks  spent  at  Ames.  During  that  time  he  gave  me  many  help- 
ful suggestions  out  of  his  large  acquaintance  with  this  group, 
and  turned  over  his  whole  collection  and  library,  as  well  as  the 
collections  of  the  Iowa  State  Agricultural  College,  for  my  use 
and  study.  I  was  thus  enabled  to  examine  many  of  the  Osborn 
and  Ball  types,  Doctor  Ball's  individual  types,  and  as  many  of 
Van  Duzee's  types  as  are  in  the  college  collection.  It  would  be 
hard  to  conceive  of  any  one  being  more  free  and  ready  to  help 
with  the  results  of  their  years  of  labor  and  study. 

Needless  to  say,  many  papers  on  the  Cicadellidx  have  been 
freely  used.  The  bibliography  given  would  have  been  impos- 
sible without  Van  Duzee's  wonderful  catalogue,  with  the  ex- 
ception here  and  there  of  a  few  papers  on  the  economic  phase, 
and  of  the  papers  which  have  appeared  since  the  catalogue  was 
issued.  Besides  the  catalogue,  we  have  used  freely  the  papers 
written  jointly  by  Osborn  and  Ball,  as  well  as  the  individual 
papers  of  each.  Van  Duzee's  writings  on  the  family  have  been 
very  helpful,  as  have  De  Long's  paper  on  the  Tennessee  species 
and  on  the  genus  Chlorotettix. 

The  writer  was  fortunate  to  start  his  study  of  this  group 
with  a  very  large  collection  already  gathered  together  from  all 
over  the  state.  Credit  should  be  given  to  several  of  those  whose 
locality  records  are  here  being  used.  Prof.  F.  H.  Snow's  name 
appears  on  many  of  the  specimens  collected  in  Kansas.  The 
records  of  Pottawatomie  county  are  practically  all  those  of  Mr. 
F.  F.  Crevecoeur.  Mr.  E.  S.  Tucker  took  many  species  from 

(8) 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID.*.  9 

Sedgwick  and  Douglas  counties.  Mr.  S.  E.  Crumb  made  large 
collections  from  Douglas  and  Cherokee  counties.  Mr.  F.  X. 
Williams  should  have  credit  for  the  specimens  taken  in  most 
of  the  extreme  western  and  northwestern  counties.  Mr.  R.  H. 
Beamer  collected  many  species,  especially  in  the  southeastern 
counties.  Dr.  C.  P.  Alexander  also  collected  several  species, 
chiefly  in  Reno  and  Hodgeman  counties.  The  records  from 
Riley  county,  as  well  as  several  others,  were  sent  me  by  Dr.  M. 
C.  Tanquary,  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College.  Un- 
fortunately this  list  was  not  received  in  time  to  be  fully  in- 
corporated in  this  paper. 

Thanks  are  also  due  to  Miss  Gertrude  Standing  for  her  great 
help  in  typewriting  this  paper.  To  these,  and  to  all  who  in  any- 
way assisted  with  the  work,  the  writer  is  greatly  indebted. 


Economic  Importance  of  the  Cicadellidge. 


The  relation  of  the  Cicadellidse  to  problems  of  economic  im- 
portance has  received  a  very  varying  degree  of  attention  from 
entomologists.  The  Homopterists,  and  especially  those  who 
have  studied  this  particular  family,  have  always  been  more  or 
less  forward  in  calling  attention  to  their  destructiveness.  On 
the  other  hand,  many  entomologists  have  had  their  attention 
so  taken  up  with  insects  whose  damage  has  been  so  much  more 
evident  that  they  have  regarded  the  Cicadellidx  as  having  very 
little  bearing  or  relation  to  real  economic  entomology.  But 
it  is  not  our  purpose  to  say  that  the  one  group  has  been  too 
enthusiastic,  and  the  other  too  reticent,  in  recognizing  the  true 
economic  position  of  these  forms.  It  is  our  purpose  merely  to 
discuss  the  problem  in  the  light  of  our  present-day  knowledge, 
and  let  the  reader  decide  which  group  is  right,  or  whether  each 
is  but  partly  right. 

The  damage  done  by  the  Cicadellidse.  is  that  of  puncturing 
the  tissue  of  the  leaf  or  stem  of  a  plant,  and  then  with  its 
efficient  little  mouth  parts  sucking  up  the  plant  juices.  Be- 
cause of  this  means  of  feeding,  the  damage  is  seldom  seen,  cer- 
tainly not  by  the  casual  or  superficial  observer.  The  work  of 
insects  with  biting  mouth  parts,  on  the  contrary,  is  readily 
seen,  for  the  host  plant  soon  is  distorted  or  destroyed  by  the 
biting  out  of  portions  of  the  leaves  or  stems.  Thus  the  work  of 
grasshoppers,  beetles,  etc.,  is  soon  manifest,  even  though  they 
be  present  in  relatively  small  numbers.  The  results  of  the 
feeding  of  a  large  number  of  Cicadellidge  on  a  plant  may  not  be 
noticed,  however,  till  the  plant  is  beyond  rescue,  for  it  will 
retain  its  form  until  pumped  dry  and  the  leaves  begin  to  curl 
up  and  fall. 

There  are  other  reasons,  too,  why  these  insects  escape  notice 
so  often,  even  though  doing  damage.  In  the  first  place,  they  are 
very  small,  not  small  as  all  insects  go,  but  small  as  compared 
with  the  insects  which  the  ordinary  person  usually  observes, 
and  in  comparison  with  many  of  our  main  economic  pests. 
They  vary  considerably  in  size,  many  being  under  3  mm.  in 
length,  while  others,  especially  South  American  species,  may 

(10) 


LAWSON  :     KANSAS    CICADELLID.'E.  11 

reach  18  or  20  mm.  in  length.  Our  largest  forms  are  about 
14  mm.  in  length,  or  slightly  over  half  an  inch,  while  our 
smallest  forms  are  close  to  one-twelfth  of  an  inch  long.  The 
majority  or  our  species  run  from  three  to  seven  millimeters  in 
length,  or  from  about  one-eighth  to  one-fourth  of  an  inch. 

Their  small  size,  coupled  with  the  fact  that  they  usually 
remain  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf  or  blade  of  grass,  accounts 
very  readily  for  their  so  easily  escaping  detection.  Then,  too, 
as  a  rule,  they  are  protectively  colored,  that  is,  they  usually 
greatly  resemble  their  surroundings  in  color.  Thus  a  green 
species  on  a  green  blade  of  grass  may  not  be  seen  even  though 
in  full  view,  and  when  one  is  looking  straight  at  it.  In  some 
species  also  the  art  of  camouflaging  seems  to  have  reached 
perfection.  Though  the  general  colors  may  not  correspond 
very  well  with  those  of  the  host  plant,  yet  there  is  a  stripe  here 
or  a  spot  there  which  seem  to  be  present  solely  for  the  purpose 
of  making  the  insect  invisible,  at  least  such  is  their  effect. 
Some  species  also,  such  as  Dorycephalus,  show  clearly  an 
adaptation  of  form,  as  well  as  color,  to  their  environment. 
Sitting  on  a  head  of  Elymus,  they  so  greatly  resemble  their 
surroundings  as  to  be  practically  invisible,  and  according  to 
Professor  Osborn  a  head  of  the  host  may  be  carefully  exam- 
ined and  reveal  no  insect  until  it  is  shaken  loose. 

Frequently,  too,  the  damage  done  by  this  group  of  insects  is 
attributed  to  other  insects  or  to  the  attacks  of  fungi.  Usualh 
the  result  of  the  continued  sucking  of  the  life  juices  of  the 
plant  results  in  more  or  less  discoloration  of  the  plant  cells 
around  the  puncture.  These  spots  often  resemble  the  spots 
produced  by  other  insects  and  may  often  be  mistaken  for  the 
presence  of  some  fungous  disease.  Professor  Osborn  points 
out  the  fact  that  the  work  of  species  infesting  grasses  and 
grains  may  be  readily  confused  with  the  work  of  aphids  or 
thrips,  but  that  usually  the  aphids  do  not  discolor  nor  produce 
spots  on  the  infested  plant,  at  least  during  the  early  stages, 
while  the  injury  of  the  thrips  is  indicated  by  small  dots  or  lines 
which  usually  run  parallel  with  the  leaf  veins  and  remain 
white.  The  spot  produced  by  the  leaf  hopper,  on  the  other 
hand,  while  at  first  pale,  later  changes  to  a  brown  or  black 
color.  Furthermore,  if  the  leaf  hoppers  are  the  guilty  parties, 
the  fact  will  usually  be  recognized  by  the  presence  of  theiv 


12  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE    BULLETIN. 

molted  skins,  some  of  which,  at  least,  will  usually  be  found 
clinging  to  the  leaf  or  grass  blade. 

The  injury  to  plants  by  the  Cicadettidse  may  be  divided  into 
two  groups.  First,  the  sucking  of  the  plant  juices  till  the 
plant  is  killed  or  its  vitality  so  reduced  as  to  result  in  a  re- 
duced yield  of  food  or  fruit.  Second,  the  transmission  of 
plant  diseases.  Much  work  has  been  done  on  the  former 
group  by  Professor  Osborn,  and  on  the  latter  by  Doctor  Ball. 
In  the  following  discussion  I  have  drawn  very  largely  from 
the  work  done  by  them. 

The  matter  of  the  reduction  of  the  yield  due  to  the  sucking 
of  the  plant  juices,  is  rather  a  peculiar  one.  Or  perhaps  it 
reveals  a  rather  peculiar  turn  of  mind  in  mankind.  I  believe 
it  shows  that  there  is  still  a  great  field  of  development  for 
economic  entomology  and  a  field  which  should  receive  much 
attention. 

In  the  main,  agriculturists  and  many  entomologists  have 
turned  their  attention  to  fighting  those  insect  pests  which  do 
very  visible  and  usually  a  very  serious  amount  of  damage. 
The  average  farmer  will  at  once  notice  a  pest  that  will  destroy, 
in  a  mass,  several  rows  of  his  corn.  Or  he  would  notice  at 
once,  and  fight  with  all  his  energy,  anything  that  picked  out 
about  every  tenth  hill  and  utterly  destroyed  it,  though  not 
touching  the  other  nine  hills.  But  the  same  man  seemingly 
pays  no  attention  to  any  pest  that  reduces  in  the  aggregate 
the  yield  of  the  whole  field  to  the  amount  that  would  have 
been  produced  by  the  destroyed  rows  or  by  the  every  tenth 
hill,  as  long  as  he  sees  no  very  apparent  and  severe  damage 
and  the  field  as  a  whole  seems  to  be  doing  fairly  well.  The 
same  would  apply  to  wheat  and  oats,  rye  and  barley,  alfalfa 
and  clover,  prairie  hay  and  pasture.  The  question  ought  to  be, 
not  how  much  did  the  field  raise,  but  what  could  such  a  field 
yield  if  no  damage  whatever  be  done  by  injurious  insects? 

No  matter  what  the  crop,  or  what  any  one's  views  may  be 
as  to  the  damage  done  by  leaf  hoppers,  all  must  agree  that 
every  little  bug  takes  some  of  the  life  juices  that  belong  to 
the  plant,  and  that  this  multiplied  by  hundreds  or  thousands 
cannot  but  help  reduce  the  yield  of  the  crop  infested.  So  it 
is  with  this  thought  in  mind,  namely,  that  we  ought  to  strive 
after  the  best  possible  yields,  yields  not  hampered  nor  re- 
duced by  insect  pests,  that  we  turn  to  discuss  the  damage 
done  by  leaf  hoppers  to  the  various  crops. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID.*.  13 

The  damage  done  by  reducing  yields  may  be  divided  into 
four  heads: 

1.  Damage  to  forage  crops  and  pastures. 

2.  Damage  to  grains. 

3.  Damage  to  orchards,  vineyards  and  gardens. 

4.  Damage  to  shade  trees  and  ornamental  plants. 

The  total  value  of  our  forage  crops  would  be  hard  to  esti- 
mate and  also  to  overestimate,  for  under  this  head  would  come 
the  leguminous  crops  such  as  the  clovers  and  alfalfa,  the  hay 
crops  both  wild  and  cultivated,  and  the  immense  amount  of 
food  furnished  by  pastures.  The  following  table,  copied  from 
Hitchcock's  textbook  on  grasses,  will  give  some  idea  of  the 
tremendous  importance  of  such  crops  in  a  single  year,  1909 : 

Production  Value 

,Vcre».  (Tons).  (Dollars). 

Timothy  alone    14,686,393  17,985,420  188,082,895 

Timothy  and  clover  mixed 19,542,382  24,748,555  257,280,330 

Clover    alone     2,443,263  3,158,324  29,334,356 

Alfalfa     4,707,146  1 1,859,881  93,103,998 

Millet  or  Hungarian  grass 1,117,769  1,546,533  11,145,226 

Other  tame  or  cultivated  grasses,  4,218,957  4,166,772  44,408,775 

Wild,  salt  or  prairie  grasses.  .  .  .  17,186,522  18,383,574  91,026,169 

Grains  cut  green 4,324,878  5,367,292  61,686,131 

Coarse  forage    4,034,432  9,982,305  46,753,262 

Thus  we  find  nearly  75  million  acres  of  land  devoted  to  pro- 
ducing forage  crops,  yielding  annually  nearly  one  hundred 
million  tons  valued  at  over  800  millions  of  dollars.  For  to- 
day all  these  figures,  especially  that  of  the  value,  must  be  de- 
cidedly low.  Then  too  they  do  not  include  the  immense  value 
of  the  forage  produced  by  the  millions  of  acres  of  pastures. 

The  amount  of  loss  to  such  crops  due  to  insects  is  hard  to 
estimate  and  it  is  still  more  difficult  to  correctly  determine  the 
amount  of  injury  due  to  one  group  of  insects  when  there  are 
many  different  kinds  infesting  the  crop.  But  we  are  perhaps 
safe  in  saying  that  by  far  the  most  numerous  and  widespread 
of  the  insects  affecting  such  crops  are  the  leaf  hoppers,  and 
that  a  goodly  share  of  the  shrinkage  in  such  crops,  due  to 
insect  pests,  is  due  normally  to  these  forms.  It  will  require 
much  more  accurate  and  persistent  experimenting  than  has 
yet  been  done  to  enable  us  to  be  at  all  dogmatic  about  the 
exact  relation  of  the  Cicadellidae  to  the  forage  crops,  but  yet, 
thanks  largely  to  Professor  Osborn's  work,  we  can  safely 
accept  some  facts,  while  holding  others  in  abeyance  till  further 
work  is  done. 


14  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE    BULLETIN. 

The  seriousness  of  the  damage  to  the  forage  crops  depends 
of  course  on  the  number  of  leaf  hoppers  present.  Not  much 
has  been  done  to  get  accurate  data  concerning  their  numbers, 
but  Professor  Osborn  has  found  that  frequently  the  numbers 
run  up  far  above  a  million  per  acre,  and  he  is  of  the  opinion 
that  in  such  grasses  as  timothy  and  blue  grass,  a  million  per 
acre  would  not  be  putting  the  figure  too  high.  In  work  on 
the  potato-leaf  hopper  Doctor  Ball  has  found  that  in  the  period 
of  their  greatest  abundance  several  million  leaf  hoppers  may 
be  found  to  an  acre  of  potatoes. 

Then,  as  to  the  amount  of  food  taken  by  this  number  of 
leaf  hoppers  from  the  plants  of  that  acre,  and  the  resultant 
depreciation  in  weight  of  the  amount  of  hay  cut,  we  again 
have  no  definite  figures  because  of  the  lack  of  experimentation. 
But  after  years  of  observation,  Professor  Osborn  gives  as  his 
opinion  that  in  some  cases  at  least,  from  25  to  50  per  cent 
of  the  growth  of  such  grasses  may  go  to  feed  the  leaf  hoppers. 

In  Bulletin  248  of  the  Maine  Agricultural  Experiment 
Station,  Professor  Osborn  gives  some  idea  as  to  the  leaf-hop- 
per damage  to  the  hay  crop  of  that  state.  In  1913  there  were 
1,194,000  acres  of  hay  in  the  state,  which  yielded  about  a  ton 
of  hay  per  acre,  the  value  of  the  crop  being  over  sixteen  and 
a  half  million  dollars.  That  acreage  should  have  produced 
two  to  three  times  as  much  as  it  did,  and  if  leaf  hoppers  are 
responsible  for  even  ten  per  cent  of  such  shrinkage,  their 
damage  becomes  very  serious  and  their  control  should  call  for 
serious  attention.  Applying  these  figures  to  the  hay  crop  of 
the  entire  country,  we  see  that  at  the  very  conservative  esti- 
mate of  a  ten  per  cent  loss,  the  leaf  hoppers  reduce  the  hay 
yield  by  at  least  ten  million  tons,  valued  in  1909  at  about  80 
millions  of  dollars  and  to-day  at  perhaps  fully  twice  that  sum. 
Thus  these  insignificant  little  creatures  become  a  cause  for 
real  consideration,  for  at  the  very  least,  if  the  above  estimates 
be  anywhere  near  the  truth,  we  can  safely  accuse  them  of 
causing  an  annual  loss  of  100  million  dollars  to  the  hay  crop. 

But  there  is  still  more  to  this  problem  than  the  mere  decrease 
in  yield.  Professor  Osborn,  in  the  above-mentioned  bulletin, 
also  considers  the  effect  upon  the  quality  of  hay  produced,  and 
shows  that  hay  that  has  escaped  the  attacks  of  such  insects  is 
of  much  more  value  than  a  similar  amount  of  hay  that  has 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID.E.  15 

been  infested  by  them,  for  the  former  seems  to  show  a  dis- 
tinctly higher  percentage  of  protein  and  fat  than  the  latter. 
If  further  investigations  along  this  line  confirm  this,  it  makes 
the  case  against  the  leaf  hoppers  even  more  serious. 

Attention  should  be  called  at  this  point  to  the  fact  that  all 
the  above  figures  apply  only  to  the. cultivated  forage  crops. 
Pastures  are  injured  fully  as  much,  if  not  more,  than  all  the 
cultivated  crops.  But  even  if  we  apply  the  same  figures  as  the 
above,  and  accuse  the  leaf  hoppers  of  reducing  the  value  of  the 
pastures  by  ten  per  cent,  we  add  to  their  debt  a  tremendous 
figure,  for  the  value  of  such  pastures  is  very  great. 

The  species  concerned  in  damaging  forage  crops  are  many, 
but  several  stand  out  as  distinctly  more  serious  than  the  rest. 
Seriously  injurious  to  the  leguminous  crops  is  Aceratagallia 
sanguinolenta,  commonly  called  the  clover-leaf  hopper.  Gib- 
son states  that  as  many  as  600  of  these  have  been  counted  on  a 
single  plant,  and  that  aside  from  the  drain  upon  the  plant  the 
egg  punctures  cause  gall-like  formations  in  the  surrounding 
tissue.  Empoasca  mali  is  also  accused  of  being  sometimes  in- 
jurious to  this  crop.  Drssculacephala  mollipes  is  to  be  consid- 
ered a  serious  pest  of  grasses  as  well  as  of  grains.  Others  of 
great  importance  are  Deltocephalus  inimicus,  ajfinis,  sayi,  balli, 
Euscelis  exitiosus,  Phlepsius  irroratus,  and  Cicadula  6-notata. 
All  the  above  are  very  common  in  Kansas.  In  some  parts  of  the 
country  Drssculacephala  reticulata  and  noveboracensis,  Delto- 
cephalus configuratus,  Acocephalus  striatus  and  albifrons,  and 
Helochara  communis,  the  last  in  low  lands,  are  also  considered 
as  more  or  less  injurious  to  grasses.  In  central  and  western 
Kansas  the  native  pastures,  composed  largely  of  Bouteloua  and 
Buchloe,  are  very  heavily  infested  with  various  species  of  the 
genus  Aconura. 

Coming  now  to  the  relation  of  leaf  hoppers  to  the  grain 
crops,  we  find  many  instances  where  wheat,  oats,  corn,  rye,  and 
barley  have  been  injured.  In  Bulletin  108  of  the  United  States 
Department  of  Agriculture,  Professor  Osborn  gives  a  list  of 
recorded  serious  damage  by  these  insects.  The  sharp-headed 
grain  leaf  hopper,  Drseculacephala  mollipes,  is  undoubtedly  the 
most  serious  of  such  forms,  but  such  species  as  Drteculacephala 
reticulata,  Deltocephalus  inimicus,  Euscelis  exitiosus,  and  Ci- 
cadula 6-notata  have  also  been  recorded  as  doing  some  damage. 

The  damage  to  orchards,  vineyards  and  gardens  is  perhaps 


16  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

not  as  serious  as  the  damage  to  the  forage  crops  and  grains,  yet 
here  too  we  find  serious  damage  at  times.  Few  of  our  fruit 
trees  are  at  all  seriously  infested  with  leaf  hoppers.  About  the 
only  species  that  seem  at  all  troublesome  are  Empoasca  mall 
and  Typhlocyba  rosae.  The  former  Mr.  F.  H.  Lathrop  reports 
as  injuring  apple,  which  it  infests  along  with  Empoasca  uni- 
color  and  Typhlocyba  rosse,  producing  "a  severe  and  character- 
istic curling  of  the  foliage  and  resultant  injury  to  the  tree." 
The  damage  done  by  Typhlocyba  rosse  is  described  by  Mr. 
Leroy  Childs  as  follows:  "The  insects  during  their  twenty- 
nine  to  forty  days  of  nymphal  development  are  constant  feed- 
ers, and  when  present  in  numbers  are  capable  of  removing 
much  food  that  would  otherwise  be  utilized  by  the  plant.  One 
insect  feeding  continually  on  an  apple  leaf  during  this  period 
removes  or  destroys  from  one-third  to  one-half  of  the  green 
chlorophyll.  Four  or  five  insects  have  been  observed  to  remove, 
with  the  possible  exception  of  a  narrow  green  margin  on  the 
edge,  the  entire  green  coloration  of  the  leaves.  An  injury  of 
this  extent,  in  the  case  of  a  general  infestation  over  the  tree, 
noticeably  inhibits  normal  functioning  of  the  leaves.  Trees 
so  infested  appear  yellowish-brown  during  late  summer  and 
are  much  below  normal  in  vigor. 

"The  insects  confine  their  feeding  to  the  under  surfaces  of 
the  leaves  entirely.  The  first  indication  of  their  presence  is  the 
appearance  of  yellow  spots  on  the  upper  surfaces  of  the  leaves. 
As  feeding  continues  these  spots  become  larger  and  more 
numerous  until  the  leaf  shows  a  decided  greenish-yellow  color- 
ation. Leaves  so  injured  are  deprived  from  further  function- 
ing and  their  presence  on  the  tree  only  further  Revitalizes  it  by 
acting  as  surfaces  for  evaporation.  In  cases  of  a  severe  in- 
festation many  of  the  injured  leaves  drop  prematurely  during 
the  latter  part  of  August." 

Other  fruit  trees,  such  as  plum  trees,  are  frequently  infected 
with  leaf  hoppers,  but  no  appreciable  damage  seems  to  result. 

The  damage  to  vineyards  by  several  species  of  leaf  hoppers 
is  very  severe  and  either  involves  the  outlay  of  considerable  ex- 
pense for  spraying  or  else  greatly  reduces  the  amount  and 
quality  of  the  crop  as  well  as  lowering  the  vitality  of  the  vines. 
The  chief  species  concerned  here  is  Erythroneura  comes  and 
its  several  varieties,  although  Erythroneura  tricincta,  illinoien- 
N/.S',  obliqua,  crevecceuri  and  others  are  frequent  feeders  on 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID,E.  17 

the  grape.  The  bulletins  by  Slingerland,  Quayle,  Hartzell  and 
Johnson  fully  deal  with  the  damage  and  control  of  these  forms. 

Leaf  hoppers  as  a  group  do  not  seem  to  injure  garden  crops 
seriously.  But  there  are  a  few  species  that  at  times  do  serious 
damage.  Notably  injurious  here  is  Empoasca  mali,  which  is  a 
serious  pest  of  such  crops  as  beans  and  potatoes.  Here  also 
comes  the  injury  to  sugar  beets  by  Eutettix  tenellus.  The  in- 
jury by  these  species  in  this  case,  however,  has  to  do  with  the 
relation  of  leaf  hoppers  to  plant  diseases,  and  will  therefore  be 
discussed  under  that  head. 

In  the  cotton-growing  region  several  members  of  the  sub- 
family Cicadellinse  have  been  considered  injurious  to  the  cot- 
ton, though  Sanderson  seems  to  doubt  their  having  any  effect 
on  the  plant.  The  supposedly  injurious  forms  here  are  Homal- 
odisca  triquetra,  Aulacizes  irrorata  and  two  species  of  On- 
cometopia.  Essig  gives  Cicadella  atropunctata  as  injurious  to 
such  plants  as  blackberry,  grape,  lemon,  orange  and  raspberry. 

It  can  perhaps  hardly  be  said  that  leaf  hoppers  are  injurious 
to  shade  trees.  While  a  large  number  of  species  normally  live 
on  trees,  and  others  at  times  may  infest  them,  yet  no  really 
serious  injury  seems  to  have  been  reported.  Thus  the  members 
of  the  genus  Idiocevus  are  largely  confined  to  willows,  cotton- 
wood  and  Cratsegus.  Cicadella  hieroglyphica  and  its  varieties, 
many  species  of  Macropsis  and  some  species  of  Empoasca  occur 
on  willow.  Bythoscopus  apicalis  is  confined  to  honey  locust. 
Oncopsis  distinctus  lives  on  walnut,  a  Scaphoideus  on  elm,  Ty- 
phlocyba  lethierryi  on  hard  maple.  The  nearest  to  real  injury 
to  shade  trees  ever  seen  by  the  writer  was  observed  on  notic- 
ing the  decolored  condition  of  the  leaves  of  a  young  sycamore 
tree.  On  examination  the  leaves  were  found  to  be  heavily  in- 
fested by  an  Erythroneura,  the  damage  being  very  similar  to 
that  of  the  grape-leaf  hopper  to  the  grape. 

The  damage  to  ornamental  plants  also  is  not  very  serious. 
Few  cases  are  recorded  of  any  such  damage.  It  is  sufficient 
perhaps  here  to  note  the  work  of  the  rose-leaf  hopper  which, 
in  parts  of  the  country,  seriously  injures  rose  bushes,  the  dam- 
age being  similar  to  that  on  the  apple  by  the  same  species. 
The  writer  has  noticed  a  few  leaf  hoppers  in  greenhouses  but 
seemingly  they  are  never  present  in  large  enough  numbers  to 
demand  attention. 

2— Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


18  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE    BULLETIN. 

When  we  turn,  however,  from  the  damage  done  by  the 
Cicadellidx  by  the  mere  sucking  up  of  the  sap  of  the  plant,  to 
the  possible  and  proved  relations  of  the  insects  to  the  trans- 
mission of  plant  diseases,  we  enter  at  once  an  open  and  a  very 
important  field.  We  will  discuss  this  phase  of  the  economic 
importance  of  the  group  under  the  following  heads : 

1.  Leaf  hoppers  and  bacterial  diseases. 

a.  Leaf  hoppers  and  curly-leaf. 

b.  Leaf  hoppers  and  fire  blight. 

2.  Leaf  hoppers  and  hopperburn. 

3.  Leaf  hoppers  as  possible  disseminators  of  fungous  diseases. 

The  relation  of  leaf  hoppers  to  the  transmission  of  bacterial 
plant  diseases  opens  at  once  a  very  large  and  important  field. 
Who  knows  but  what  these  and  related  insects  are  responsible 
for  many  of  the  diseases  that  have  hitherto  baffled  the  plant 
pathologist  and  been  the  despair  of  the  farmer  and  horticul- 
turist? 

Doctor  Ball's  excellent  work  has  opened  up  the  way  for  the 
future  on  this  line.  He  seems  to  have  proved  definitely  that 
such  insects  may  be  the  normal  disseminators  of  plant  diseases, 
just  as,  in  the  case  of  the  mosquito,  they  are  responsible  for 
spreading  animal  diseases.  After  years  of  work  on  the  beet- 
leaf  hopper  and  its  relation  to  curly-leaf  in  the  sugar  beet, 
among  others,  the  following  facts,  quoted  from  his  bulletins, 
were  proved : 

"The  punctures  of  the  beet-leaf  hopper  (Eutettix  tenellus) 
cause  a  specific  disease  in  sugar  beets  called  'curly-leaf.' 

"Leaf  hoppers  taken  from  wild  plants  did  not  transmit  the 
disease  until  they  fed  on  diseased  beets.  Three  hours  on  a 
beet  rendered  them  pathogenic,  but  they  could  not  transmit  till 
after  an  incubation  period  of  one  or  two  days. 

"Curly-leaf  has  never  been  produced  except  through  the 
punctures  of  a  beet-leaf  hopper.  If  a  single  leaf  hopper  is 
applied  to  a  beet  for  five  minutes,  the  curly-leaf  disease  will 
appear  after  about  two  weeks,  if  conditions  are  favorable." 

The  above  facts,  added  to  the  fact  that  the  bacterial  agent, 
Bacillus  morulans,  has  been  isolated  by  Boncquet,  show  con- 
clusively that  these  insects  may  be  responsible  for  similar  plant 
diseases.  And  since  the  amount  of  damage  done  in  such  cases 
is  very  large,  the  field  should  prove  both  interesting  and  im- 
portant. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID/E.  19 

Not  very  much  has  been  done  on  the  relation  of  insects  to 
the  transmission  of  Bacillus  amylovorous  which  causes  "fire 
blight."  Doctor  Merrill  has  worked  on  the  relation  of  aphids 
to  the  spread  of  this  disease,  and  Mr.  F.  H.  Lathrop  has  done 
some  work  on  the  relation  of  Empoasca  mail  to  the  same  dis- 
ease. The  latter  reports  that  while  in  the  tests  Empoasca  uni- 
color  and  Typhlocyba  rosse  showed  negative  or  doubtful  results, 
Empoasca  mail  seemed  to  be  a  positive  agent  in  the  spread  of 
the  bacteria  and  in  the  infecting  of  new  shoots.  Should  this 
work  be  confirmed  we  would  have  a  practically  untouched  field 
opened  to  us,  which,  with  careful  work,  might  better  enable 
us  to  be  victors  in  the  fight  against  this  serious  disease. 

But  we  are  not  yet  through  with  Empoasca  mail.  Again  it 
is  under  indictment,  this  time  for  producing  what  should  be 
called  "hopperburn,"  especially  on  potatoes.  Here  again  we 
are  indebted  to  Doctor  Ball,  who  seems  to  have  shown  that 
this  insect  produces  much  of  what  in  the  past  has  gone 
under  the  name  of  "tipburn."  Furthermore,  that  hopperburn 
is  perhaps  a  disease  similar  to  curly-leaf,  and  that  it  differs 
from  tipburn  by  readily-told  characteristics,  the  latter  being 
the  result  of  purely  physiological  conditions.  In  the  past  two 
summers  great  damage  has  been  done  by  this  disease,  if  such 
it  shall  prove  to  be,  but  for  which  this  leaf  hopper  alone  seems 
responsible. 

Again,  leaf  hoppers  may  prove  to  be  disseminators  of  fungous 
diseases.  Any  insect  of  course  may  play  this  role,  but  because 
of  their  feeding  and  egg-laying  habits,  combined  with  their 
jumping  disposition,  they  seem  to  be  especially  suited  to  trans- 
mit such  fungi  from  plant  to  plant  and  thus  spread  the  dis- 
ease. This  is  a  field  as  yet  untouched  that  might  yield  dis- 
coveries of  importance  to  the  agriculturist  and  horticulturist. 

Perhaps  this  discussion  of  the  economic  importance  of  the 
group  would  not  be  complete  without  a  brief  resume  of  the 
methods  of  control.  This  consists  in  using  natural  farming 
methods  and  spraying.  The  chief  way's  to  control  the  species 
damaging  forage  and  grain  crops  would  be  those  of  rotation 
and  clean  farming.  These  of  course  are  the  best  for  the  soil 
and  are  also  the  way  to  check  insects.  Most  of  such  forms 
hibernate  in  the  egg  stage  under  the  sheath  of  the  grass  blades. 
If  therefore  the  places  where  such  grasses  occur,  such  as  the 
fence  and  hedge  rows,  the  corners,  and  land  adjoining  fields, 


20  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

be  burned  over  in  the  winter,  there  will  follow  a  great  diminu- 
tion of  the  hoppers  the  following  season.  Pastures  especially 
should  be  burned  over  once  in  two  or  three  years  if  they  are 
seriously  infested  with  these  insects.  The  time  of  planting 
certain  crops,  and  the  time  of  mowing  grasses  may  be  so  regu- 
lated as  to  result  in  escaping  serious  injury  from  the  leaf  hop- 
pers. Thus  Gibson  reports  that  cutting  the  alfalfa  crop  from 
a  week  to  ten  days  earlier  will  often  check  the  clover-leaf  hop- 
per. If  a  crop  is  mowed  so  as  to  catch  most  of  the  leaf  hoppers 
in  the  egg  or  nymphal  stage  the  majority  of  the  eggs  will  be 
'destroyed  and  most  of  the  nymphs  will  starve  before  they  can 
migrate  to  other  food. 

Hopperdozers  are  sometimes  used  as  direct  controls  to  catch 
and  destroy  large  numbers  of  the  leaf  hoppers  when  they  are 
present  in  unusual  numbers. 

In  the  case  of  grain  fields  best  results  are  obtained  by  plow- 
ing as  soon  after  harvest  as  possible  and  then  keeping  the 
ground  free  from  grass  and  weeds  till  planted.  This,  combined 
with  rotation  and  clean  farming  around  the  edges,  would  be 
insurance  against  leaf -hopper  damage.  The  beet-leaf  hopper  is 
also  controlled  by  cultural  methods. 

The  leaf  hoppers  in  vineyards  are  mainly  controlled  by 
spraying,  though  hopperdozers  are  sometimes  used.  The  usual 
spray  material  is  "Black  Leaf  40,"  1  part  to  1,500  or  1,600  parts 
of  water,  applied  at  the  time  of  the  presence  of  the  maximum 
number  of  nymphs.  Doctor  Ball  gives  the  same  contact  in- 
secticide for  the  control  of  Empoasca  mali  on  potatoes,  using  it 
at  the  rate  of  one  pint  to  100  gallons  of  water  with  five  pounds 
of  soap  added,  two  applications  to  be  made  a  week  or  ten  days 
apart.  The  rose-leaf  hopper  and  forms  doing  similar  damage 
can  be  controlled  in  the  same  way.  Mr.  Childs  suggests  also 
the  use  of  the  rose  as  a  trap  crop  in  the  control  of  the  latter 
as  an  apple  pest. 

At  this  point  we  may  also  call  attention  to  another  bad  habit 
of  Empoasca  mali.  In-  Psyche,  XXV,  p.  101,  1918,  Mr.  George 
Becker  called  attention  to  this  species  attacking  man.  The 
writer  has  had  several  people  tell  him  about  being  bitten  by 
little  green  leaf  hoppers,  but  not  till  a  short  time  ago  did  he 
have  any  personal  proof  of  the  fact.  One  night,  while  collect- 
ing under  a  light,  he  felt  a  little  prick  on  his  hand,  and  on  look- 


LAWSON  :     KANSAS    CICADELLID^E.  21 

ing  down  saw  a  little  green  leaf  hopper  at  work.  It  was  se- 
cured and  proved  to  be  the  species  mentioned. 

The  matter  of  such  biting  brings  up  an  interesting  question, 
for  so  few  of  the  Homoptera  have  ever  been  known  to  be  guilty 
of  such  conduct.  In  fact,  outside  of  the  occasional  piercing  of 
Cicadas,  the  writer  does  not  know  of  any  other  members  of  this 
order  that  have  been  recorded  as  attacking  man.  Whether 
they  merely  prick  the  skin  because  it  is  their  nature  to  be  pierc- 
ing something  or  whether  they  are  really  fond  of  an  occasional 
meal  of  blood  would  be  an  interesting  question  for  determina- 
tion. 

From  the  foregoing  discussion  of  the  economic  importance 
of  the  group  it  will  be  seen  that  it  is  necessary  to  know  which 
are  injurious  species  and  which  are  not.  Hence  the  value  of  a 
systematic  study  of  the  group  and  an  acquaintance  with  its 
forms,  so  as  to  be  able  to  single  out  those  of  economic  impor- 
tance. 


Life  History. 


The  life  histories  of  a  majority,  even  of  the  economic  species 
of  CicadellidsB,  have  not  been  fully  worked  out.  Some  have, 
however,  been  worked  out  in  detail,  so  that  it  is  fairly  easy  to 
give  a  general  life  history  for  the  group. 

These  insects  belong  to  an  order  in  which  the  metamorphosis 
is  incomplete,  that  is,  there  is  no  distinct  pupal  or  quiescent 
stage  in  the  life  cycle.  It  would,  however,  be  better  to  speak  of 
them  as  having  a  gradual  metamorphosis  rather  than  an  incom- 
plete one,  reserving  the  latter  term,  as  pointed  out  by  Professor 
Comstock,  for  such  water  forms  as  dragon  flies,  which  do  not 
resemble  the  adult  at  all  in  their  imperfect  stages  and  yet  can- 
not be  said  to  have  a  complete  metamorphosis.  Thus  there  are 
three  stages  in  their  life  cycle,  namely,  egg,  nymph  and  adult. 

The  female  leaf  hopper  is  provided  with  a  strong  enough 
ovipositor  to  enable  her  to  push  the  eggs  in  under  the  covering 
of  some  plant  tissue.  There  is  of  course  a  great  deal  of  dif- 
ference in  the  different  groups,  and  even  among  the  species  of 
the  same  genus,  in  the  kind  of  material  chosen  for  egg  deposi- 
tion, it  being  the  rule  that  the  eggs  are  always  deposited  in  the 
kind  of  plant  which  is  to  furnish  food  for  the  nymphs  on 
emerging. 

In  general  it  may  be  said  that  grass-feeding  species  deposit 
their  eggs  either  between  the  sheath  of  the  blade  and  the  stem, 
or  else  in  the  margin  of  the  leaf,  where  a  layer  of  epidermis 
covers  the  egg.  In  either  case  the  eggs  are  protected  by  a  part 
of  the  host  plant.  Other  forms  deposit  their  eggs  in  the  veins 
of  leaves  or  sometimes  under  the  epidermis  in  the  tissue  be- 
tween the  veins.  Such  is  the  case  with  the  grape-leaf  hopper, 
the  potato-leaf  hopper  and  a  host  of  others.  Still  others  de- 
posit eggs  in  the  stems  of  their  host  plants.  This  is  true  of 
such  forms  as  the  rose-leaf  hopper,  the  apple-leaf  hopper  (Em- 
poasca  nnicolor)  and  others.  Some,  such  as  the  clover-leaf 
hopper,  deposit  their  eggs  either  in  the  leaves  or  the  stems  of 
their  host  plant.  In  a  few  cases  also  the  same  species  may 
oviposit  alternately  in  two  different  hosts.  This  has  been 
shown  to  be  the  case  with  the  rose-leaf  hopper,  the  overwinter- 

(22) 


LAWSON:     KANSAS    CICADELLID^E.  '2'.\ 

ing  eggs  being  deposited  in  the  rose,  while  the  eggs  for  the 
second  generation  are  deposited  in  apple.  Here  we  seem  to 
have  a  good  case  of  alternation  of  g&flrmiSno-,  for  only  a  very 
small  percentage  of  these  insects  remain  on  the  apple,  their 
summer  host,  to  deposit  overwintering  eggs.  Of  course  where 
a  species  is  a  general  feeder,  it  may  oviposit  in  any  of  its  host 
plants. 

The  eggs  are  usually  whitish,  elongate,  and  often  slightly 
curved.  Before  they  hatch  the  eyes  of  the  nymphs  are  usually 
seen  as  distinct  reddish  spots. 

Comparatively  little  is  known  concerning  the  number  of 
eggs  deposited  by  a  single  individual.  In  some  cases  the  num- 
ber seems  to  be  quite  low,  while  in  others  it  is  rather  large. 
Some  grass-feeding  species  deposit  a  few  eggs  together ;  others 
as  many  as  fifty  side  by  side.  Osborn  states  that  Parabolocra- 
tus  viridis  may  lay  as  many  as  120  eggs  in  a  single  hour.  Of 
course  eggs  deposited  under  the  sheaths  of  the  grass  blades  are 
more  readily  found  than  those  deposited  in  the  leaf  or  stem.  In 
the  case  of  the  latter,  however,  a  blister-like  swelling  seems  to 
develop  around  the  eggs  shortly  after  deposition,  which  helps 
in  locating  them,  or  the  leaf  may  be  held  up  to  the  sunlight  and 
the  eggs  often  discovered. 

The  period  of  incubation  varies  greatly  in  length.  Eggs  laid 
in  the  fall  hatch  the  following  spring  or  summer,  the  egg  stage 
thus  lasting  several  months.  Eggs  laid  in  the  spring  or  sum- 
mer hatch  in  varying  lengths  of  time.  Osborn  gives  an  aver- 
age of  about  a  month  for  the  duration  of  the  egg  stage  of 
Dorycephalus  platyrhynchus,  and  10  to  17  days  for  Deltoceph- 
alus  inimicus.  Gibson  gives  5  to  17  days  as  the  length  of  the 
incubation  period  for  eggs  of  Accratagallia  sanguinolenta  dur- 
ing the  summer  in  the  latitude  of  southern  Illinois,  and  from  3 
to  35  days,  with  an  average  of  12  days,  depending  upon  the  tem- 
perature, for  eggs  of  Drteculacephala  mollipes  in  southern  Ari- 
zona. 

The  nymphs  are  readily  recognized  as  the  young  of  Cica- 
dellids,  usually  having  more  or  less  of  the  form  of  the  adult 
except  for  the  wings,  though  usually  lacking  most  of  the  colora- 
tion of  the  adult  till  just  before  or  after  the  last  molt.  During 
the  nymphal  stage  the  wings  are  represented  by  wing  pads 
which  gradually  increase  in  size,  but  even  just  before  the  fifth 
or  last  molt  they  are  much  smaller  than  the  wings  of  the  adult. 


24  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE    BULLETIN. 

Not  only  do  the  nymphs  usually  look  like  the  adults,  but  they 
usually  act  like  them  too.  They  have  the  curious  habit  of 
running  sidewise  which  is  so  characteristic  of  the  family,  and 
are  also  capable  of  jumping,  as  are  the  adults,  though  they  are 
not  as  active  as  are  the  perfect  forms. 

The  number  of  molts  is  usually,  if  not  always,  five.  There 
are  some  records  of  but  four  molts  in  some  forms,  but  if  true, 
it  is  only  so  of  a  very  few  species.  Molting  occurs  nearly 
always  on  the  under  side  of  the  leaf,  and  here  the  molted  skins 
may  readily  be  found,  for  they  are  usually  firmly  attached  to 
the  leaf. 

The  length  of  the  nymphal  stage  varies  greatly  in  the  differ- 
ent species.  A  few  species  overwinter  as  nymphs,  in  which 
case  this  stage  lasts  for  several  months.  In  summer,  however, 
the  nymphal  stage  usually  lasts  for  several  weeks.  Thus  Gib- 
son gives  18  to  35  days,  with  an  average  of  25,  for  the  length 
of  the  nymphal  stage  of  the  clover-leaf  hopper,  and  20  to  51 
days,  according  to  temperature,  for  Drseculacephala  mollipex 
at  Tempe,  Ariz.  Johnson  gives  from  19  to  37  days  for  the 
duration  of  the  nymphal  stage  of  the  grape-leaf  hopper  in  the 
Lake  Erie  valley.  Childs  gives  above  35  days  for  the  first 
brood  nymphs  of  the  rose-leaf  hopper,  and  about  24  days  for 
those  of  the  second  brood  in  Oregon.  Osborn  gives  ten  months 
as  the  length  of  the  nymphal  stage  of  Dorycephalus  platyrhyn- 
chus,  for  this  species  overwinters  as  a  nymph. 

But  very  few  attempts  have  been  made  to  determine  the 
length  of  the  life  of  the  adult.  Childs,  however,  has  given  us 
some  interesting  data  on  this  point.  He  found  that  the  males 
of  the  first  generation  of  the  rose-leaf  hopper  die  in  from  four 
to  ten  days  after  mating.  Fertile  females  he  found  to  live  a 
month  to  a  month  and  a  half  after  mating,  while  unmated  fe- 
males live  very  much  longer,  some  specimens  being  kept  for 
70  days,  and  a  single  one  for  116  days,  death  in  both  cases  be- 
ing due  to  starvation.  Individuals  of  the  second  brood  were 
kept  alive  for  129  days.  The  unmated  male,  he  states,  lives  a 
much  shorter  period.  Of  course  it  is  well  known  that  in  the 
case  of  species  which  hibernate  as  adults,  both  males  and  fe- 
males live  several  months. 

The  overwintering  of  the  leaf  hoppers  is  varied.  Many  pass 
through  the  winter  as  adults,  a  few  as  nymphs,  and  the  ma- 
jority perhaps  as  eggs.  But  no  set  rule  can  be  given  regarding 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  25 

the  habits  of  any  group,  for  even  within  the  genus  we  do  not 
find  uniformity  as  to  the  condition  in  which  hibernation  occurs. 
Thus  Empoasca  mali  overwinters  as  an  adult,  while  E.  unicolor 
hibernates  in  the  egg  stage.  The  nearest  that  we  dare  come  to 
generalizing  may  be  to  state  that  the  majority  of  species  which 
oviposit  in  grass,  pass  through  the  winter  in  the  egg  stage, 
while  a  large  number  of  those  ovipositing  in  trees  hibernate  as 
adults.  It  seems,  therefore,  that  the  greater  number  of  our 
forms  overwinter  in  the  egg  stage. 

The  hibernating  adults  are  often  found  under  leaves  and 
rubbish  in  the  woods.  This  is  especially  true  of  many  Typhlo- 
cybini.  Of  course  where  the  winters  are  warm,  we  can  hardly 
designate  any  stage  as  the  hibernating  stage,  for  under  favor- 
able circumstances  they  may  breed  throughout  the  year. 

The  number  of  generations  per  season  is  also  an  interesting 
question.  Should  we  generalize  we  would  say  that  the  ma- 
jority of  species  have  two  generations  in  a  season.  As  to  the 
rest,  some  undoubtedly  have  three  or  more  generations,  while 
some  have  only  one.  Thus  Gibson  claims  three  generations  a 
year  for  the  clover-leaf  hopper  in  southern  Missouri  and  four 
or  more  further  south.  Professor  Osborn.  says  there  are  two 
generations  a  year  of  Drseculacephala  mollipes  in  Ohio,  while 
Gibson  claims  six  for  southern  Arizona.  Others,  like  Em- 
poasca unicolor,  have  but  a  single  generation.  Most  members 
of  the  genus  Deltocephalus  have  two  broods,  as  do  such  forms 
as  many  members  of  the  genus  Euscelis  and  many  of  the  Ty- 
phlocybini. 


Natural  Enemies. 


In  one  of  his  bulletins  Professor  Osborn  has  given  quite  an 
extended  account  of  the  natural  enemies  of  the  leaf  hoppers. 
We  will  do  little  more  than  to  give  the  substance  of  this  and 
of  one  or  two  other  papers,  for  comparatively  little  work  has 
been  done  on  this  line. 

The  natural  enemies  of  the  leaf  hoppers  may  be  divided 
into  four  groups,  as  follows : 

1.  Predaceous  enemies. 

2.  Parasitic  enemies. 

3.  Fungus  diseases. 

4.  Climatic  conditions. 

The  predaceous  enemies  of  leaf  hoppers  do  not  seem  to  be 
an  important  means  of  control.  Among  such  enemies  are  the 
birds,  but  even  such  active  foes  do  not  seem  to  be  very  efficient 
in  controlling  them.  It  has  been  found  that  while  a  goodly 
number  of  birds  feed  upon  Cicadellids,  yet  in  the  aggregate 
such  food  forms  but  a  small  part  of  their  dietary.  Professor 
Osborn  sums  up  the  relation  of  birds  to  leaf  hoppers  as  follows : 

1.  119  species  of  birds  are  known  to  feed  upon  leaf  hoppers. 

2.  Only  700   out  of   47,000   bird   stomachs  examined   contained   leaf 
hoppers,  or  less  than  one  out  of  every  fifty. 

3.  The  leaf-hopper  content  of  a  majority  of  these  stomachs  was  only 
from  1  to  10  per  cent,  so  that  not  more  than  one-thousandth  part  of  the 
food  of  birds  can  be  composed  of  leaf  hoppers. 

Domestic  birds  such  as  turkeys  and  chickens  are  said  to 
feed  on  leaf  hoppers,  but  their  inroads  on  such  insects  could 
not  be  considered  as  serious. 

Toads  and  frogs,  being  insectivorous,  should  use  a  small 
proportion  of  leaf  hoppers  in  their  dietary.  Gibson  states 
that  the  former  has  been  observed  feeding  on  them  in  alfalfa 
fields. 

Among  the  Arthropoda  themselves  we  find  perhaps  the  most 
efficient  predaceous  foes  of  the  leaf  hoppers,  though  all  com- 
bined do  not  seem  to  do  anything  appreciable  in  holding  them 
in  check.  Various  spiders  and  mites  are  said  to  be  among 
such  enemies.  Slingerland  and  Johnson  give  the  names  of 
mites  predaceous  on  the  grape-leaf  hopper  in  their  bulletins 

(26) 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  27 

on  that  species.  Childs  gives  a  list  of  spiders  preying  upon 
the  rose-leaf  hopper,  while  Professor  Osborn  gives  a  large 
list  of  spiders  that  have  been  known  to  feed  upon  leaf  hoppers. 

Insects  themselves  furnish  several  predaceous  enemies. 
Thus  Osborn  mentions  such  enemies  among  the  Nabidas  and 
Lygaeidse.  Quayle  mentions  ladybirds,  aphis  lions  and  ants 
as  enemies  of  the  grape-leaf  hopper,  while  previously,  Walsh, 
Glover  and  Slingerland  had  recorded  one  of  the  dance  flies,  a 
soldier  bug,  and  the  larvae  of  Chrysopa,  respectively,  as  also 
feeding  on  the  same  leaf  hopper.  Johnson  accuses  a  Capsid 
of  attacking  this  species  also.  Gibson  mentions  the  agricul- 
tural ant  as  an  enemy  of  Draeculacephcda  mollipes.  Childs 
records  a  Scatophagid  as  an  enemy  of  the  rose-leaf  hopper 
and  also  observes  that  dragon  flies  have  been  observed  attack- 
ing that  species.  The  writer  one  evening  observed  some 
damsel  flies  flying  over  the  grasses  near  the  edge  of  a  pond. 
They  so  evidently  seemed  to  be  hunting  that  they  were  closely 
watched  and  were  soon  seen  to  be  attempting  to  catch  some 
very  small  Locustid  nymphs  and  also  to  be  after  the  leaf  hop- 
pers. Several  times  the  leaf  hoppers  were  seen  to  escape  by 
their  characteristic  shift  to  the  under  side  of  the  grass  blades. 
Finally  a  damsel  fly  was  observed  to  have  caught  one  of  the 
hoppers,  and  we  were  able  to  get  close  enough  to  identify  the 
species  as  Deltocephalus  inimicus  and  to  catch  the  predator, 
not,  however,  before  the  last  sign  of  his  meal  had  disappeared. 

There  are  records  of  at  least  two  families  of  wasps  that 
provision  their  nests  with  leaf  hoppers.  Comstock  states  that 
the  Nyssonidss  provision  their  nests  with  the  immature  stages 
of  these  insects.  F.  X.  Williams  described  a  member  of  this 
family,  Harpactus  gyponse,  from  Grant  county,  Kansas,  which 
used  the  adults  and  nymphs  of  Gypona  cinerea  for  this  pur- 
pose. He  found  also  that  Mimesa  argentifronx,  a  member  of 
the  family  Mimesidse,  provisioned  her  nest  with  Euscelis 
exitiosus.  Further  studies  with  these,  and  related  families 
of  wasps  might  reveal  the  importance  of  these  insects  as 
natural  enemies  of  the  leaf  hoppers. 

The  chief  natural  enemies  of  the  leaf  hoppers  are  the 
parasitic  insects.  These  are  undoubtedly  responsible  for  hold- 
ing these  insects  in  check,  so  that  they  do  only  the  usual 
amount  of  damage  annually.  Such  parasites  are  found  in  the 
dipterous  genus  Pipimculus  and  among  the  Strepsiptera.  But 


28  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

far  more  important  than  these  are  the  hymenopterous  para- 
sites belonging  to  the  subfamily  Anteoninse  and  to  the  family 
Bethylidx.  Dr.  F.  A.  Fenton's  paper  on  this  group  shows 
how  extensive  is  the  parasitization  of  leaf  hoppers  by  these 
forms  which  parasitize  the  nymphs  and  adults.  Professor 
Osborn  states  that  sometimes  20  per  cent  of  the  individuals  of 
some  of  our  native  species  are  thus  parasitized.  The  members 
of  the  genus  Gonotopus  parasitize  the  majority  of  the  Jassini, 
while  Aphelopus  is  the  only  parasite  of  the  Typhlocybini. 
Various  hymenopterous  egg  parasites  are  also  at  times  very 
efficient. 

The  relation  of  fungous  diseases  to  leaf-hopper  control  is 
yet  an  open  question.  Only  rarely  have  they  been  recorded 
as  attacking  these  insects.  Professors  Carman,  Webster,  and 
Thaxter  are  seemingly  the  only  ones  reporting  such  cases. 
The  first  two  give  records  of  Draeculacephala  mollipes  being 
attacked  by  Empusa  gt'yllL  Professor  Thaxter,  in  1890,  ob- 
served Empusa  killing  the  grape-leaf  hopper  in  Connecticut. 
It  seems  very  probable,  however,  that  in  favorable  seasons 
this  or  other  fungi  may  play  some  part  in  the  natural  control 
of  the  leaf  hoppers  as  they  do  for  instance  in  the  checking  of 
the  grasshoppers. 

Climatic  conditions  undoubtedly  play  an  important  part  in 
the  control  of  insects.  Thus  many  a  foreign  insect,  on  in- 
troduction to  this  country,  has  not  been  able  to  gain  a  foot- 
hold because  of  the  different  and  untoward  weather  conditions. 
It  is  well  known  also  that  even  some  forms  which  have  become 
more  or  less  acclimated,  as  well  as  native  forms,  are  often 
kept  in  check  by  extremes  of  heat  or  cold.  Thus  in  Kansas 
very  severe  winters  or  very  hot  summers  are  known  to  pre- 
vent outbreaks  of  Toxoptera.  Undoubtedly  the  same  is  true 
of  large  numbers  of  insects,  and  among  them,  of  the  leaf 
hoppers.  Johnson  quotes  Trimble  as  observing  in  1865  that 
when  the  thermometer  reached  100  degrees  Fahrenheit,  thou- 
sands of  the  grape-leaf  hoppers  were  killed.  It  is  easily  shown 
that  grape-leaf  hopper  nymphs  are  killed  by  an  exposure  of  a 
few  minutes  to  the  hot  sun,  so  that  it  is  very  probable  that 
when  it  becomes  very  hot,  and  host  plants  wither,  that  many 
may  not  be  able  to  find  sufficient  protection  and  therefore 
succumb  to  the  extreme  heat.  No  one  doubts  also  that  untold 
numbers  of  individuals  are  destroyed  bv  the  extreme  cold, 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  29 

freezes,  and  snows  of  winter,  regardless  of  whether  hiberna- 
tion occurs  in  the  egg,  nymphal  or  adult  stage.  Actual  ex- 
perimentation with  extremes  of  heat  and  cold,  controlling  also 
the  moisture  conditions,  should  give  us  interesting  and  per- 
haps very  instructive  data  as  to  just  what  part  climatic  con- 
ditions do  play  in  the  control  of  such  insects. 


Geographical  Distribution. 


Leaf  hoppers  are  so  well  distributed  over  the  earth  that  they 
are  truly  cosmopolitan.  They  are  well  represented  in  all  the 
faunal  realms,  and  in  some  countries  are  among  the  commonest 
of  the  insects.  In  his  catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera  of  America 
north  of  Mexico,  published  in  1917,  Mr.  Van  Duzee  lists  about 
700  species,  and  the  number  now  known  must  be  well  beyond 
that.  I  have  been  unable  to  get  any  estimate  of  the  total 
number  of  species  known  to  science. 

Professor  Osborn  has  pointed  out  two  facts  of  great  in- 
terest when  one  views  this  group  as  a  whole  or  when  the 
fauna  of  two  continents  are  compared.  First,  the  fact  is  soon 
observed,  that  the  leaf  hopper  fauna  of  even  two  widely- 
separated  portions  of  the  earth,  are  essentially  and  funda- 
mentally alike  in  group  characters.  This  is  taken  as  showing 
a  common  origin  of  the  groups.  And  second,  that  though  in 
the  main  characters  and  larger  groupings  there  are  so  many 
similarities,  yet  there  seem  to  be  relatively  very  few  cases  of 
specific  identity  between  the  species  of  such  separated  coun- 
tries or  continents.  Examples  of  this  fact  are  numerous  when 
our  own  forms  are  compared  with  the  European.  The  sub- 
family Paropinss,  for  example,  occurs  on  both  continents,  yet 
not  one  of  our  eight  species  seems  to  occur  in  Europe.  Of  our 
seventy-five  or  more  members  of  the  genus  Deltocephalus  only 
four  are  known  to  occur  in  Europe.  And  this  is  about  the  case 
in  almost  any  group  one  may  choose. 

This  fact  would  argue  for  an  early  separation  of  our  forms 
from  the  European  and  for  a  consequently  long  development 
here.  It  would  seem  to  indicate  also  that  introduction  of  leaf 
hoppers  into  new  continents,  separated  by  oceans,  is  to-day 
rather  rare  if  occurring  at  all.  And  when  one  considers  the 
few  adaptations  of  these  forms  for  transmission,  especially  as 
to  life  history,  one  is  all  the  more  convinced  that  such  intro- 
duction does  not  often  take  place.  If  such  be  the  case  it  is 
evident  that  the  distribution  of  the  leaf  hoppers  over  the  earth 
must  have  occurred  in  the  early  times  when  the  different  por- 
tions of  the  earth  were  more  connected  than  they  are  now. 

(30) 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID/E.  31 

That  leaf  hoppers,  however,  are  able  to  push  out  the  limits 
of  their  environment  once  they  are  in  a  country  and  unhindered 
by  high  mountains  or  climatic  conditions  essentially  different 
from  that  to  which  they  are  adapted,  is  very  evident.  The 
range  of  many  of  our  North  American  species  is  steadily  being 
increased.  Thus  Professor  Osborn  shows  that  Drxculacephala 
reticulata  seems  to  be  steadily  pushing  northward  from  its 
southern  home,  seemingly  having  the  power  to  adapt  itself  to 
such  minor  changes  as  it  may  meet.  Euscelis  exitiosus  he  also 
believes  to  have  recently  spread  over  the  United  States. 

In  the  United  States  we  find  a  rather  general  distribution  of 
the  members  of  this  family  with  the  exception  of  the  Paropinse. 
The  members  of  this  subfamily  are  seemingly  confined  to  Cali- 
fornia or  at  least  to  the  west  of  the  Rockies.  The  Bythosco- 
pinx  on  the  other  hand,  are  found  well  across  the  states  The 
Agallia  group  while  found  from  north  to  south  and  east  to  west, 
is  yet  undoubtedly  subtropical.  The  genus  Idiocerus  is  in  the 
main  more  northerly  in  its  distribution.  The  members  of  vhe 
genus  Macropsis  are  more  abundant  in  the  Northeastern  states, 
few  reaching  the  Pacific  coast.  Oncopsis  is  practically  north- 
ern in  its  distribution,  while  the  members  of  the  genus  Bytho- 
scopus  are  well  represented  in  the  Western  states  though  also 
occurring  in  the  south  and  east.  Thus  in  one  subfamily  we 
find  groups  which  favor  each  of  the  several  portions  of  the 
country  in  their  distribution. 

The  Cicadelllnte  are  tropical  or  subtropical  as  a  group.  Nat- 
urally we  therefore  find  the  subfamily  best  represented  in  our 
Southern  states  though  many  species  seem  to  have  been  able 
to  adapt  themselves  to  northern  conditions  and  some  are  found 
commonly  even  in  Canada.  They  occur  across  the  continent 
from  east  to  west.  Only  two  or  three  of  the  nearly  fifty  species 
of  the  United  States  are  known  to  occur  in  Europe.  Many 
of  them,  however,  are  found  in  Mexico  and  the  West  Indies, 
some  such  region  seemingly  being  their  original  home. 

Comparatively  few  members  of  the  subfamily  Gyponinse  seem 
to  be  found  on  our  western  coast.  As  a  group  they  seem  to 
be  tropical  or  subtropical  and  hence  are  best  represented  in 
our  Southern  states,  though  some  species  extend  through  our 
Northern  states  into  Canada.  They  are  found  in  the  Eastern 
as  well  as  the  Western  states. 


32  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Of  the  great  subfamily  Jassinss,  we  find  representatives  in 
all  parts  of  the  United  States.  Here  too,  however,  we  see  many 
restrictions  to  certain  regions.  Thus  the  genus  Acucephalu* 
is  confined  largely  to  the  Northeastern  states.  Cicadida, 
Thamnotettix  and  others  are  largely  northern,  Uhleriella, 
Aligia,  Neoccelidia  and  others  largely  western,  Spangbergiella 
and  Acinopterus  essentially  southern,  while  still  others,  such  as 
Deltocephalm,  seem  to  find  their  optimum  conditions  in  the 
Middle  West.  Others  are  undoubtedly  largely  Rocky  Mountain 
forms.  Some  genera,  on  the  other  hand,  and  even  some  species, 
seem  to  be  able  to  find  favorable  conditions  clear  across  the 
continent  and  from  the  north  to  the  south,  so  that  they  may  be 
spoken  of  as  occurring  throughout  the  United  States. 


Systematic  Position. 


The  Cicadellidss  were  formerly  placed  in  the  great  order 
Hemiptera.  Of  late  years  the  suborders  of  this  order  have 
been  given  ordinal  rank,  so  that  to-day  we  speak  of  these  in- 
sects as  belonging  to  the  order  Homoptera.  This  order  un- 
doubtedly stands  as  the  highest  among  those  insects  which  have 
an  incomplete  metamorphosis. 

In  the  division  of  this  order  there  seems  to  be  a  general  dis- 
position to  follow  Amyot  and  Serville  in  forming  the  two 
groups  Auchenorhynchi  and  Sternorhynchi,  the  former  to  in- 
clude those  families  in  which  the  beak  arises  clearly  from  the 
posterior  or  lower  part  of  the  head,  the  latter  including  the 
families  where  the  beak  seems  to  arise  from  between  the  pro- 
thoracic  legs.  These  groups  may  be  further  separated  by  the 
character  of  the  antennae  and  the  number  of  tarsal  joints.  In 
the  former  the  antennae  are  usually  awl-shaped  or  setaceous ;  in 
the  latter  they  vary  in  form  but  are  never  bristle-like.  The 
members  of  the  former  group  also  always  have  three- jointed 
tarsi,  while  the  tarsi  of  the  latter  are  composed  of  but  one  or 
two  segments  and  rarely  are  lacking. 

Some  authorities  in  dividing  the  Hemiptera  into  suborders 
make  the  Auchenorhynchi  equal  to  their  suborder  Homoptera 
and  the  Sternorhynchi  to  the  suborder  Gularostria. 

Along  with  the  Cicadidse,  Membracidse,  Cercopidte,  and  Ful- 
goridse,  the  Cicadellidas  belong  to  the  Auchenorhynchi,  and  it 
is  with  this  group  that  we  are  particularly  concerned  in  dis- 
cussing the  systematic  position  of  the  leaf  hoppers. 

It  now  seems  to  be  generally  believed  that  the  Cicadidte  are 
the  lowest  of  these  five  families.  Comstock  and  Needham 
pointed  out  in  1899,  in  a  paper  on  the  wings  of  insects,  that 
this  family  had  the  nearest  to  the  primitive  condition  of  wing 
venation  of  any  Hemiptera.  Funkhouser  does  not  believe  that 
the  wings  of  the  Cicadidse  are  as  generalized  as  those  of  the 
Membracidse,  though  agreeing  in  placing  them  below  the  latter 
in  phylogenetic  rank.  This  is  Osborn's  opinion  also.  The  fact 
that  they  are  the  only  Auchenorhynchi  with  three  ocelli,  the 

(33) 

3— Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


34  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

others  having  two  or  none,  would  indicate  their  more  primi- 
tive condition. 

It  is  quite  commonly  believed  also  by  Homopterists  that  the 
Fulgoridse  represent  the  most  specialized  forms  of  this  group. 
This  opinion  was  held  by  Kirkaldy  and  Hansen  and  is  held  to- 
day by  Funkhouser  and  others.  One  cannot  look  carefully  at 
the  wonderful  antennae  of  a  large  number  of  these  forms  with- 
out agreeing  with  this  disposition  of  the  family  provided  the 
development  of  the  antennas  and  its  sensory  organs  be  consid- 
ered an  important  criterion.  Certain  it  is  that  they  must  be 
placed  by  themselves,  for  it  would  be  hard  to  try  to  connect 
them  closely  with  any  of  the  four  other  families  of  the  group. 

The  three  families,  Membracidse,  Cicadellidse,  and  Cercopidx 
are  now  left  for  consideration.  One  cannot  have  even  a  casual 
acquaintance  with  these  forms  without  realizing  their  sim- 
ilarity and  close  affinity.  That  they  are  all  three  derived  from 
a  common  stem  seems  to  be  plainly  evident.  The  question  is  as 
to  their  relative  position. 

Having  made  the  Cicadidse  the  lowest  and  the  Fulgoridse  the 
highest  families  of  the  Auchenorhynchi,  we  must  necessarily 
place  the  remaining  families  in  between,  so  that  we  now  have 
the  Cicadidse  arising  from  a  lower  stem,  the  Membracidae,  Cicci- 
dellidse,  and  Cercopidse  from  a  middle  one,  and  the  Fulgoridse 
from  a  third  and  highest  one. 

When  we  study  the  families  arising  from  this  middle  stem  it 
seems  that  Funkhouser  has  made  his  point  in  claiming  that  the 
Membracidse  are  the  lowest  of  the  three.  This  would  put  them 
next  to  the  Cicadidse,  but  as  we  have  indicated,  their  relation- 
ship would  not  be  so  much  with  them  as  with  the  other  families 
of  the  middle  stem.  In  support  of  his  position  he  shows  that 
the  Membracidse  have  a  very  poorly  developed  sensory  system, 
causing  them  to  respond  very  slowly  to  stimuli,  that  the  wings 
are  very  generalized,  and  that  the  genital  organs  are  simple. 
In  the  first,  if  not  in  all  of  these  respects,  the  Cicadellidse  and 
Cercopidse  are  certainly  more  specialized. 

The  question  now  arises  as  to  which  of  these  two  families  is 
closer  to  the  Membracidse.  Here  we  are  helped  by  a  curious 
insect  which  seems  to  be  half  Membracid  and  half  Cicadellid. 
I  refer  to  ^thalion,  an  insect  found  in  this  country  and  in 
Central  and  South  America.  It  looks  very  much  like  a  Cica- 
dellid, but  instead  of  having  a  double  row  of  prominent  spines 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHXE.  35 

on  the  hind  tibiae,  has  those  parts  of  the  leg  covered  with  weak 
spines  or  hairs  quite  promiscuously  arranged.  Here  is  an  ap- 
proach to  the  Cicadellid  leg.  On  the  other  hand,  it  has  certain 
very  distinct  Membracid  characters  though  lacking  the  chief 
characteristic  of  the  family,  namely,  the  Membracid  pronotum. 
So  similar  is  this  insect  to  both  these  families  that  entomolo- 
gists have  had  much  trouble  in  deciding  to  which  it  belongs. 
Stal  placed  it  with  the  Membracidse,  but  Ashmead  included  it 
with  the  Bythoscopidse.  Van  Duzee  places  it  under  a  subfamily 
of  its  own,  as  a  Membracid,  but  as  the  form  of  that  family 
closest  to  the  Cicadellidse. 

Thus  we  seem  to  be  safe  in  putting  the  Cicadellidte  next  to 
and  above  the  Membracidte  because  of  their  better  sensory  sys- 
tem, and  because  of  this  connecting  form.  It  is  not  at  all  im- 
probable, however,  that  the  JEthali&ninsB  will  later  be  placed  in 
a  family  by  themselves,  but  in  any  case  they  would  still  consti- 
tute the  link  between  these  two  families. 

The  Cercopidte  do  not  seem  to  show  such  close  relationships 
to  the  Membracidse,  nor  do  they  seem  to  be  as  closely  connected 
with  the  Cicadellidse  as  is  this  family  to  the  tree  hoppers. 
There  seem  to  be  no  forms  connecting  them  with  the  leaf 
hoppers,  and  yet  their  relationship  with  them  and  the  tree 
hoppers  is  very  evident.  For  this  reason  it  seems  probable 
that  they  are  an  older  offshoot  from  this  middle  stem  than 
either  of  the  other  two,  and  this  would  seem  to  be  evidenced 
also  by  their  peculiar  life  history. 

It  seems  probable  that  the  nymphal  habit  of  enveloping 
themselves  in  a  mass  of  spittle  could  not  be  a  habit  easily  or 
quickly  developed.  That  it  is  a  protective  habit  is  certain,  for 
as  Dr.  F.  A.  Fenton  has  shown,  while  large  numbers  of  Cica- 
dellids  and  Fulgorids,  also  a  Membracid,  are  parasitized  by  the 
Anteoninw,  we  have  yet  to  find  a  single  instance  of  the  para- 
sitization  of  a  Cercopid.  Thus  this  habit  has  been  long  enough 
in  development  to  have  seemingly  made  it  an  absolute  success 
in  the  protection  of  these  insects  from  their  parasitic  foes.  So 
that  considering  their  specialized  life  history,  along  with  their 
morphology  and  the  absence  of  intermediate  forms  between 
them  and  the  Cicadellids,  we  would  place  the  Cercopidte  above 
the  latter  and  have  them  leaving  the  middle  stem  before  the 
Membracids  and  Cicadellids. 


36 


THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Diagrammatically  this  phylogenetic  relationship  would  be  ex- 
pressed as  follows: 

FULGORIDAE 


CERCOPIDAE 


CICADELLIDAC 


MEMBRACIDAE 


I  CAD  I  DAE 


When  we  consider  the  relationships  of  the  different  sub- 
families of  the  Cicadellidas  we  again  find  opportunity  for 
differences  of  opinion.  Van  Duzee  in  his  catalogue  arranges 
them  in  the  following  order,  beginning  with  the  lowest : 

Paropinse. 

Bythoscopinse. 

Cicadellinse. 

Gyponinse. 

Jassinse. 

Dr.  F.  A.  Fenton  in  his  paper  on  the  parasites  of  leaf  hop- 
pers gives  the  following  phylogenetic  tree  for  these  sub- 
families : 


TYPHLOCYBINAE 


6Y  POP  WAI 

CICADELUNAE 


BYTHOSCQJWNAE 
PAROPJNAE 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^.  37 

Here  the  tribe  Typhlocybini  has  been  removed  from  the 
Jassinse  and  given  subfamily  rank,  the  phylogenetic  arrange- 
ment, however,  agreeing  with  that  of  Van  Duzee,  whose  ar- 
rangement seems  to  be  quite  generally  accepted. 

A  question  that  yet  may  have  to  be  decided  differently  is 
that  of  the  position  of  the  tribe  Typhlocybini  or  the  subfamily 
Typhlocybini.  In  many  ways  they  appear  to  be  the  highest 
members  of  the  family.  This  is  especially  true  of  their  wings 
which  show  very  evidently  a  specialized  condition  as  com- 
pared with  the  wings  of  the  members  of  the  other  subfami- 
lies. The  loss  of  the  ocelli  in  some  of  the  genera  may  also 
be  taken  to  indicate  specialization. 

Gillette,  however,  in  his  monograph  of  the  American  mem- 
bers of  the  subfamily,  calls  them  the  lowest  of  the  leaf  hop- 
pers, and  there  are  others  who  at  least  partially  share  this 
view.  In  this  connection  the  work  on  the  parasites  of  these 
forms  is  rather  interesting. 

Fenton  finds  that  the  members  of  the  tribe  Typhlocybini  are 
parasitized  only  by  members  of  the  genus  Aphelopus  and  curi- 
ously enough  Kornhauser  finds  that  our  only  known  Mem- 
bracid  parasite  is  a  member  of  the  same  genus. 

While  we  would  not  argue  that  this  was  any  proof  that  the 
Typhlocybini  are  the  closest  leaf  hoppers  to  the  Membracids, 
and  therefore  the  lowest  of  the  Cicadellidse,  yet,  if  Kellogg  can 
trace  the  relationships  of  seemingly  unrelated  birds  through 
the  agency  of  their  parasites,  may  it  not  be  possible  to  do  some- 
thing of  the  same  kind  here.  If  closely  related  Mallophaga 
are  found  only  on  closely  related  birds,  may  we  not  expect 
to  find  closely  related  parasites  parasitizing  closely  related 
Homoptera?  In  fact  do  we  not  find  thifc  in  the  case  of  all  in- 
sects? For  certainly  it  would  be  easier  for  a  parasite  to 
adapt  itself  to  parasitizing  a  closely  related  form  than  one 
distantly  related.  So  that  it  may  be  that  in  a  few  years  we 
may  find  the  Typhlocybini  to  be  not  the  highest,  but  among 
the  lower,  if  not  the  very  lowest  of  all  the  groups  of  this  family. 


289754 


38  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


PLATE  I. 

1.  Dorsal  view  of  Phlepsius  irroratus.     (v,  vertex;  e,  compound  eye; 
p,  pronotum;  s,  scutellum;  c,  clavus;  es,  elytral  suture;  cs,  claval  suture; 
co,  corium.) 

2.  Face  of  Phlepsius  irroratus.     (f,  front;  e,  compound  eye;  a,  an- 
tenna; I,  lora;  g,  gena;  c,  clypeus;  Ir,  labrum;  la,  labium.) 

3.  Meta thoracic  leg  of  Phlepsius  irroratus.     (c,  coxa;  t,  trochanter; 
/,  femur;  ti,  tibia;  ta,  tarsus.) 

4.  Tip  of  abdomen  of  female  Phlepsius  in-oratus.     (s,  last  ventral 
segment;  o,  ovipositor;  p,  py gofer.) 

5.  Tip  of  abdomen  of  male  Phlepsius  irroratus      (s,  last  ventral  seg- 
ment; v,  valve;  p,  py  gofer;  pi,  plates.) 

6.  Hind  wing  of  Phlepsius  irroratus.     (a,  apical  cells;  m,  marginal 
vein.) 

7.  Elytron  of  Phlepsius  irroratus.     (1,  first  sector;  2,  second  sector; 
3,  outer  branch  of  first  sector;  4,  inner  branch  of  first  sector;  5,  first 
cross  nervure  between  sectors;  6,  claval  suture;  7,  outer  claval  vein;  8, 
inner  claval  vein;  a,  apical  cells;  b,  anteapical  cells;  c,  appendix.) 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E. 


39 


PLATE  I. 


The  Chief  Morphological  Features. 


While  there  have  been  some  attempts  to  work  out  the  mor- 
phology of  the  Cicadellidas,  yet  it  does  not  seem  that  the  subject 
has  yet  received  much  thorough  investigation.  Therefore  in 
this  paper  we  propose  to  give  only  as  much  information  on  the 
morphology  as  will  enable  one  to  recognize  members  of  the 
family,  and  enable  them  to  use  the  keys  for  their  specific  de- 
termination. It  is  hoped  at  some  future  time  to  carefully  study 
the  morphology,  both  external  and  internal,  of  the  family. 

As  in  all  insects,  the  body  of  the  leaf  hopper  is  divided  into 
three  distinct  regions,  namely,  head,  thorax,  and  abdomen. 
The  chief  features  of  each  are  briefly  described  below  and  il- 
lustrated in  the  accompanying  plate  (plate  I). 

The  upper  or  dorsal  portion  of  the  head  is  called  the  vertex. 
There  is  no  distinct  division  between  this  portion  and  the  rest 
of  the  head,  but  often  there  is  more  or  less  of  a  distinct  margin 
between  it  and  the  face.  The  greater  portion  of  the  latter  is 
called  the  front.  It  is  not  separated  from  the  vertex  by  a  dis- 
tinct dividing  line  or  suture,  but  is  distinctly  bounded  laterally 
by  sutures  which  frequently  run  past  the  antennae  clear  to  the 
anterior  margin  of  the  head.  On  the  lower  side  or  ventrally 
the  front  is  bounded  by  a  transverse  suture.  The  clypeus  is 
the  rectangular  sclerite  attached  to  the  anterior  or  lower  edge 
of  the  front.  The  lorse  are  the  rather  semicircular  sclerites  on 
either  side  of  the  front  and  clypeus,  while  the  gente  are  the 
large  sclerites  extending  from  below  the  eyes  and  surrounding 
the  lorse.  It  might  be  stated  that  Cogan  claims  that  the  clypeus 
proper  is  not  clearly  differentiated  in  the  Homoptera,  and  that 
what  is  usually  called  the  clypeus  is  really  the  labrum  or  upper 
lip. 

The  eyes  are  of  two  kinds,  compound  and  simple.  The 
former  are  always  large  and  prominent  and  occupy  a  large  part 
of  the  head.  The  simple  eyes  or  ocelli  are  always  small,  and 
are  lacking  in  many  members  of  the  Typhlocybini.  In  the 
Paropinze  and  Bythoscopinze  they  are  situated  on  the  front,  be- 
low the  margin  of  the  vertex,  in  the  Cicadellinte  and  Gyponinte 

(40) 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLIDJE.  41 

they  are  situated  on  the  vertex,  while  in  the  Jassinx  they  are 
on  or  near  the  margin  of  the  vertex. 

The  antennae  or  feelers  are  always  setaceous  or  bristle-like. 
They  are  on  the  face  between  the  compound  eyes  and  the  front. 
The  basal  segments  are  large  but  soon  they  become  very  small. 
The  number  of  segments  is  comparatively  large.  In  the  genus 
Idiocerus  the  antennae  are  used  in  the  differentiation  of  the 
species  due  to  the  possession  in  the  males  of  variously-shaped, 
flattened  discs  at  the  apex. 

The  mouth  parts  consist  of  a  large  3-jointed  beak  or  pro- 
boscis which,  in  a  groove  on  its  anterior  or  dorsal  surface,  bears 
a  minute  triangular  sclerite  and  two  pairs  of  brown  stylets 
which  run  its  whole  length.  The  former  is  claimed  by  Cogan 
to  be  the  small  epipharynx.  By  some  it  is  thought  to  be  the 
labrum  or  upper  lip,  and  the  membrane  below  it  the  epi- 
pharnyx.  The  inner  pair  of  stylets  constitute  the  maxillse, 
while  the  outer  ones  are  the  piercing  mandibles.  The  proboscis 
or  rostrum  is  the  labium  or  lower  lip. 

The  thorax,  as  in  all  insects,  is  composed  of  three  segments 
called  respectively  the  pro-,  meso-,  and  metathorax.  Dorsally 
however,  only  two  of  these  segments  are  seen.  The  large  por- 
tion behind  the  head  is  the  tergum  or  dorsal  sclerite  of  the  pro- 
thorax  and  is  called  the  pronotum.  The  triangular  sclerite 
back  of  the  pronotum  is  a  part  of  the  dorsal  sclerite  of  the 
mesothorax  and  is  called  the  scutellum.  The  side  pieces  of  the 
thoracic  segments  are  called  pro-,  meso-,  and  metapleurse,  re- 
spectively. 

The  appendages  of  the  thorax  are  the  legs  and  the  wings. 
Each  of  the  three  segments  bears  a  pair  of  legs  and  the  meso- 
and  metathorax  a  pair  of  wings  in  addition.  The  legs  have  the 
usual  segments,  but  the  tibiae  are  very  long  and  very  charac- 
teristically armed  with  a  double  row  of  stout  spines.  The  tarsi 
are  invariably  3-jointed. 

The  mesothoracic  wings  are  thicker  than  the  membranous 
metathoracic  wings.  The  former  are  often  called  the  elytra 
and  a  few  speak  of  them  as  tegmina.  In  the  accompanying 
plate  the  different  parts  of  the  wing  are  labelled  according 
to  the  terms  used  in  the  following  systematic  treatise  of  the 
Kansas  species.  The  metathoracic  or  hind  wings  are  some- 
times simply  called  the  wings.  They  are  much  wider  than  the 
elytra  and  when  at  rest  have  the  inner  portion  distinctly  folded. 


42  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

In  the  Typhlocybini  their  venation  is  of  importance  in  the 
separation  of  the  genera,  otherwise  they  are  not  much  used 
systematically. 

The  abdomen  consists  of  a  number  of  distinct  segments, 
but  the  segmentation  of  the  terminal  portion  is  indistinct. 
Each  segment  consists  of  two  pieces,  a  dorsal  tergum  and  a 
ventral  sternum.  These  are  connected  by  pleural  membranes. 
There  are  eight  distinct  tergites,  the  last  one  being  called  the 
pygofer.  This  sclerite  is  usually  more  or  less  divided  caudo- 
dorsally  and  through  this  excision  rises  the  anal  tube  which 
bears  the  anus  at  its  apex.  The  question  as  to  the  number  of 
segments  composing  the  anal  tube  is  an  interesting  one  and 
one  that  requires  careful  study.  In  the  female  the  pygofers 
nearly  enclose  the  ovipositor  which  is  composed  of  three  pairs 
of  valves.  The  pygofers  are  usually  exceeded  in  length  by  the 
ovipositor. 

The  terminal  sternites  are  of  importance  in  classification. 
In  the  female,  in  many  genera,  the  last  sternite  is  characteristic 
of  the  species  and  is  much  used  in  differentiating  them.  In 
a  comparatively  few  species  this  last  ventral  segment  is  de- 
scribed as  being  composed  of  an  outer  and  inner  membrane. 
This  is  the  case  in  the  Deltocephalus  compactus-weedi  group. 
It  may  be  that  a  careful  study  with  caustic  potash  specimens 
will  reveal  the  existence  of  such  a  condition  in  many  more,  if 
not  in  all  of  the  Cicadellidse. 

In  the  male  the  sternite  just  before  the  valve  is  called  the 
last  ventral  sternite.  The  valve  is  usually  a  small  and  tri- 
angular sclerite  situated  just  before  the  plates.  In  many 
genera  the  valve  is  described  as  lacking,  but  it  seems  more 
probable  that  it  is  never  absent,  but  only  apparently  so  be- 
cause it  is  often  overlapped  by  the  last  ventral  segment.  It 
is  of  great  value  in  classification.  In  some  genera,  however, 
it  cannot  be  much  used. 

Just  caudad  of  the  valve  is  a  pair  of  usually  triangular 
sclerites,  called  plates.  These  also  are  often  much  used  in 
classification.  They  are  fastened  to  the  posterior  margin  of 
the  valve.  Their  homology  brings  up  a  question  yet  to  be 
worked  out,  for  the  question  at  once  arises  as  to  whether  they 
represent  the  divided  sternite  of  the  ninth  abdominal  seg- 
ment, or  whether  they  are  paired  reproductive  appendages, 
derived  as  are  the  other  reproductive  appendages  from  primi- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHXE.  43 

tive  locomotory  organs.  The  plates  vary  much  in  size  and 
shape  in  the  different  genera  and  even  in  species  of  the  same 
genus.  When  viewed  ventrally  they  frequently  completely 
cover  the  pygofers,  though  often  they  are  very  small  and  much 
exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 

In  systematic  work  on  the  CicadeUidx,  the  last  sternite, 
commonly  called  the  last  ventral  segment,  with  the  pygofers 
and  ovipositor  of  the  female,  and  the  last  ventral  segment, 
valve,  plates,  and  pygofers  of  the  male,  have  been  spoken  of 
as  the  genitalia.  In  this  paper  they  are  spoken  of  as  the 
external  genitalia  to  distinguish  them  from  the  other,  hitherto 
little  used,  more  or  less  hidden  genitalia,  which,  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  above,  are  here  called  the  internal  genitalia. 


The  Male  Internal  Genitalia. 


The  genitalia  of  the  various  groups  of  insects  are  being 
studied  more  and  more  both  by  the  morphologist  and  syste- 
matist,  for  it  is  now  well  known  that  in  many  groups  they 
are  a  very  great  help  if  not  the  chief  means  of  separation  and 
classification.  Along  with  the  venation  of  the  wing,  they  have 
often  furnished  the  chief  characters  for  working  out  the  sys- 
tematic problems  of  many  groups.  Already  much  use  has  been 
made  of  them  as  witnessed  by  work  on  the  Melanopli  and 
other  Orthoptera,  many  groups  of  the  Lepidoptera,  Coleoptera, 
Diptera,  Hymenoptera,  and  other  orders.  Knight's  paper  on 
the  genus  Lygus  is  illustrative  of  their  value  in  systematic 
work. 

In  the  Homoptera  some  use  has  been  made  of  the  terminal 
portion  of  the  abdomen  in  classification.  The  importance  of 
the  pygidium  in  the  Diaspinse  is  now  well  known  to  all,  and  the 
use  of  the  terminal  sclerites  in  the  Cicadellidce  has  done  much 
to  help  in  the  differentiation  of  the  species.  As  before  men- 
tioned, the  pygofers,  last  ventral  segment,  and  ovipositor  of 
the  female,  and  the  pygofers,  last  ventral  segment,  valve,  and 
plates  of  the  male,  have  been  the  parts  spoken  of  as  the  geni- 
talia  of  this  family.  These  are  the  parts  that  are  external  and 
are  thus  readily  observed.  There  are  other  parts  of  the 
genitalia,  however,  which  have  been  but  little  used  and  yet 
which  it  seems  are  of  much  importance  and  could  be  readily 
used,  especially  in  cases  where  all  other  helps  seem  to  fail. 
These  portions  are  what  we  have  called  the  "internal  male 
genitalia,"  using  the  word  "internal"  merely  to  distinguish 
them  from  the  ordinarily  used  organs  which  we  have  styled 
the  "external  genitalia."  In  reality  these  organs  are  not  in- 
ternal, being  situated  in  an  open  genital  chamber  which  is 
the  "terminal  chamber"  of  Sharp's  Pentatomidte. 

These  organs  have  been  but  little  used  in  systematic  work 
on  the  Cicadellidaz.  Johnson  in  his  bulletin  on  the  grape-leaf 
hopper  gives  a  drawing  of  them  as  he  saw  them  in  that  species, 
but  evidently  no  attempt  was  made  to  get  at  their  connection 
with  the  abdomen  and  with  each  other.  In  his  Hemiptera- 
Homoptera  of  the  British  Isles,  Edwards  occasionally  makes 

(44) 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  45 

a  little  use  of  these  organs  and  figures  portions  of  them,  but 
again  no  effort  was  made  to  dissect  them  out  and  get  at  the 
relative  differences  in  the  various  genera  or  species. 

Hitherto  Prof.  Franz  Then  seems  to  have  come  the  near- 
est to  actually  using  these  organs  in  systematic  work  on  the 
leaf  hoppers.  In  his  papers  on  several  members  of  the  genera 
Deltocephalus  and  Thamnotettix  he  figures  in  a  comparative 
way  the  internal  genitalia  of  several  species  and  shows  that 
they  vary  characteristically  for  each  species.  His  figures, 
however,  do  not  show  the  details  of  form  and  structure  nor 
the  connection  of  the  various  parts. 

The  organs  that  we  have  placed  under  the  heading  of  in- 
ternal genitalia  are  three  in  number.  These  we  have  called 
the  paired  styles,  the  style-cedagus  connective,  and  the 
wdagus.  , 

The  styles  are  always  paired  and  fastened  to  the  dorsal 
surface  of  the  plates.  At  the  point  of  their  attachment  to  the 
plates  the  latter  bear  distinct  ridges  or  chitinous  thickenings 
usually  near  the  antero-lateral  margin.  These  styles  are 
chitinous  organs  varying  very  much  in  shape.  They  are  some- 
times simply  columnar  in  form,  but  most  often  triangular  in 
outline.  They  are  often  fastened  to  the  plates  at  about  their 
middle,  though  usually  nearer  the  anterior  end.  They  vary 
much  in  their  shape  at  either  end  in  the  different  species,  but 
most  particularly  in  the  form  of  the  posterior  end.  There  are 
also  usually  characteristic  irregularities  or  processes  along 
the  margins.  The  greater  portion  of  the  styles  usually  pro- 
jects out  into  the  genital  chamber  and  is  therefore  really  ex- 
ternal, but  the  anterior  part  of  it  always  passes  through  the 
membrane  forming  the  anterior  wall  of  the  genital  chamber, 
and  reaches  into  the  body  cavity,  often  reaching  into  the  cavity 
of  the  seventh  abdominal  segment.  Professor  Then  applied 
the  term  "Griffel"  to  a  style.  They  are  undoubtedly  a  pair 
of  claspers. 

The  style-oedagus  connective,  or  briefly,  the  connective,  is  a 
chitinous  sclerite  which  connects  the  two  styles  and  is  also 
usually  connected  with  the  oedagus  at  its  caudal  extremity. 
I  have  been  unable  to  find  in  the  literature  a  homologous 
sclerite  and  hence  do  not  know  whether  it  has  already  been 
named.  Professor  Then  called  it  the  "Stutze."  The  term  I 
have  suggested  for  it  is  in  keeping  with  his  name  for  it  also 


46  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

explains  its  function.  It  is  undoubtedly  used  to  coordinate 
the  action  of  the  styles  in  copulation  and  usually  also  with 
them,  that  of  the  cedagus.  There  are  always  more  or  less 
prominent  processes  on  the  mesal  margins  of  the  styles  to 
which  the  connective  is  fastened.  It  varies  much  in  the  dif- 
ferent genera  being  sometimes  simply  a  transverse  chitinous 
bar,  at  other  times  it  is  U-  or  V-shaped,  and  often  is  quite 
elongate  and  columnar  in  form.  In  rare  cases  it  seems  to  have 
no  connection  with  the  oedagus  and  is  then  much  reduced 
in  size.  The  question  of  its  homology  seems  to  afford  an 
interesting  problem  for  future  work. 

The  oedagus  is  commonly  spoken  of  as  the  penis  sheath. 
4n  thia  oaoo  I  boliovo  it  io  tho  poniG  itoolf  and  the  tcrmo-havc- 
-been  used  aynonymoualy.-  Professor  Then  called  it  the  "Mem- 
brum  virile."  It  is  also  a  chitinous  sclerite,  connected  an- 
teriorly with  the  connective.  It  assumes  a  great  variety  of 
forms  and  is  often  very  characteristic  even  in  closely-related 
species.  Its  base  is  usually  quite  enlarged  or  bears  a  more 
or  less  strongly  developed  dorsally  directed  process.  This  is 
for  the  purpose  of  fastening  it  to  the  wall  of  the  genital  cham- 
ber which  is  composed  of  the  membranes  that  form  the  anal 
tube  and  the  ental  surfaces  of  the  pygofers.  The  terminal 
portion  of  the  oedagus  is  variously  developed,  sometimes  simply, 
often  with  additional  chitinous  lateral  or  ventral  processes. 

In  addition  to  the  above  it  has  been  found  that  the  pygofers 
themselves  often  bear  chitinous  bars  or  spines  that  are  dis- 
tinctive of  the  species.  Thus  the  posterior  margin  of  the 
pygofers  often  bears  a  characteristic  tooth  or  lobe,  and  in  the 
sides  of  these  organs  there  are  often  characteristically  shaped 
chitinous  structures.  In  some  genera  moreover  the  dorsal 
margin  bears  chitinous  bars  which  are  specifically  distinct 
and  which  in  some  genera  are  united  anteriorly,  forming  a 
U-  or  V-shaped  chitinous  structure  around  the  base  of  the 
anal  tube.  These  structures  are,  of  course,  too  small  for  super- 
ficial study,  but  because  of  being  in  the  pygofers,  are  described, 
when  present,  with  the  external  genitalia.  They  seem  to  be 
of  equal  importance  in  some  cases  with  the  internal  genitalia 
in  the  separation  of  species  and  varieties  that  show  no  differ- 
ences in  the  external  genitalia. 

It  has  been  the  purpose  of  this  paper  to  study  and  describe 
these  internal  genitalia  in  representatives  of  the  more  import- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  47 

ant  and  common  of  our  genera.  Although  this  has  been  done 
for  a  goodly  number  of  species,  yet  the  real  value  of  such  work 
will  not  appear  till  a  whole  genus  is  worked,  and  then  its 
worth  will  be  readily  seen.  Accordingly  what  is  here  done  is 
only  to  prepare  the  way  for  such  work,  to  show  that  there  are 
possibilities  with  the  leaf  hoppers  on  this  line,  to  get  ac- 
quainted with  the  structures,  and  gain  experience  in  the  neces- 
sary technique. 

The  technique  employed  is  as  follows :  The  specimens  to  be 
examined  are  first  soaked  in  a  ten  per  cent  solution  of  caustic 
potash.  The  time  they  are  left  in  the  solution  depends  alto- 
gether on  the  size  and  color  of  the  specimen.  Light  and  deli- 
cate species  are  left  for  only  two  or  three  hours.  Large  and 
dark  forms  may  require  several  days  before  they  are  clear. 
Care  should  be  taken  however  not  to  leave  small  species  in  too 
long  as  they  become  too  light.  If  plenty  of  material  is  at  hand 
the  whole  specimen  may  be  dropped  into  the  fluid,  otherwise^ 
only  the  abdomen  or  the  tip  of  the  abdomen  need  be  used,  thus 
retaining  much  of  the  value  of  the  desirable  specimen.  For 
this  soaking  the  specimens  may  be  kept  in  small  vials,  each 
bearing  a  number,  so  that  accurate  records  may  be  kept  and 
the  mixing  of  the  species  avoided.  In  this  way  the  same  vial 
of  caustic  potash  can  be  used  over  and  over  again  till  the  fluid 
becomes  too  dirty. 

When  thoroughly  cleared  up  by  the  caustic  potash,  the  speci- 
mens are  removed  into  a  watch  crystal  of  distilled  water.  A 
watch  crystal  with  the  middle  of  its  convex  surface  flattened 
is  the  best.  This  enables  one  to  rest  it  without  fear  of  tipping 
on  the  glass  stage  of  a  binocular.  The  particular  binocular 
used  was  a  Bausch  &  Lomb  machine  with  a  32  mm.  objective 
and  8x  oculars.  The  watch  crystal  and  stage  both  being  glass 
excellent  illumination  can  be  obtained  by  using  a  spotlight  on 
the  mirror  of  the  binocular.  Minuten  Nadeln  are  the  most 
satisfactory  dissecting  needles  for  such  work,  ordinary  dissect- 
ing needles  being  altogether  too  big  for  work  with  the  smaller 
forms,  particularly  the  Typhlocybini. 

It  was  found  best  to  first  draw  all  the  organs  in  situ  from  a 
lateral  view.  As  accurate  a  drawing  as  possible  was  made  in 
this  way  and  any  parts  not  clearly  seen  were  later  cleared  up 
when  the  pygof ers  were  torn  open  and  the  organs  fully  exposed 
to  view.  Then  the  styles  may  be  torn  loose  from  the  plates 


48  THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

and  the  cedagus  from  the  membrane  of  the  genital  chamber, 
and  thus  the  styles,  the  connective,  and  the  cedagus  be  freed 
intact.  These  were  then  usually  drawn  in  their  normal  posi- 
tion, that  is  a  dorsal  view  of  them  was  obtained.  Thus  with  the 
previous  lateral  in  situ  view,  and  a  dorsal  view,  a  fairly  accu- 
rate idea  of  these  organs  can  be  gained.  Both  these  drawings 
were  later  verified  and  if  necessary  corrected  when  the 
mounted  genitalia  were  studied  with  the  higher  magnification 
of  the  compound  microscope. 

The  drawing  of  these  organs  was  greatly  facilitated  by  us- 
ing, in  one  of  the  oculars,  an  eye-piece  scale  ruled  into  squares. 
The  drawing  paper  was  then  ruled  into  inch  squares  corre- 
sponding to  these  squares.  In  this  way  drawings  can  be  made 
quickly  and  accurately  and  with  all  the  various  species  drawn 
to  the  same  scale.  Our  drawings  are  about  40  times  the  size 
of  the  genitalia. 

After  they  are  dissected  out  and  drawn,  the  genitalia  are 
transferred  to  95  per  cent  alcohol  for  a  few  minutes,  then  to 
xylol  for  a  similar  period,  and  finally  mounted  on  slides  in 
Canada  balsam.  A  pin  with  a  small  loop  in  the  end  and  with 
the  other  end  fastened  into  a  wooden  handle  is  an  excellent 
tool  for  the  transfer  of  these  tiny  organs  from  one  liquid  to 
another. 

As  in  other  groups  of  insects  it  will  be  found  that  these 
genitalia  show  distinct  and  specific  differences  in  some  genera, 
while  in  others  they  are,  for  purposes  of  classification,  of 
little  or  no  value.  In  some  cases  however  I  believe  they  are 
practically  the  only  criterion  that  will  enable  us  to  correctly 
decide  between  species  and  varieties,  and  also  to  decide  the 
generic  position  of  some  forms,  which  though  specifically  dis- 
tinct, yet  give  much  trouble  as  to  their  true  generic  disposition. 

The  value  of  these  internal  genitalia  may  readily  be  shown  in 
the  little  that  has  been  done  on  the  Agallia  group.  In  their  re- 
view of  the  members  of  this  genus  Osborn  &  Ball  pointed  out 
the  existence  of  three  groups  within  the  genus.  The  differences 
between  these  groups,  while  based  partly  on  adult  characters, 
were  more  particularly  indicated  in  the  nymphs,  which  vary 
considerably  both  as  to  structure  and  life  history.  In  1907 
Kirkaldy,  recognizing  the  distinctions  between  these  groups, 
gave  to  them  subgeneric  rank,  and  accordingly  divided  the 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  49 

genus  into  the  subgenera  Agalliopsis,  Agallia,  and  Acerata- 
gallia. 

In  the  work  on  the  internal  genitalia  of  these  forms,  repre- 
sentatives of  each  were  examined,  and  it  was  found  that  in 
these  organs  there  are  distinct  differences  between  the  mem- 
bers of  the  three  subgenera,  and  that  in  each  subgenus  these 
organs,  though  differing  specifically,  are  yet  of  the  same  gen- 
eral type.  Thus  in  Agallia,  novella,  a  member  of  the  subgenus 
Agalliopsis,  the  styles  are  each  composed  of  two  distinct 
sclerites,  a  condition  not  found  in  any  member  of  the  other  sub- 
genera.  The  cedagus  is  also  characteristic  of  the  subgenus, 
being  much  larger  and  with  accessory  lateral  processes  which 
do  not  occur  in  the  other  subgenera.  Moreover,  it  was  found 
that  this  species  has,  partially  imbedded  in  the  pygofers  and 
partially  free,  a  very  peculiar  and  characteristic  chitinous 
process  corresponding  to  which  there  is  nothing  in  the  other 
subgenera. 

Agallia  constricta  and  4-punctata  were  then  studied  as  types 
of  the  subgenus  Agallia.  Here  the  styles  were  found  to  consist 
of  a  single  piece,  and  though  distinctly  and  specifically  different 
in  the  two  species,  were  yet  of  the  same  type,  each  being  some- 
what club-shaped  and  terminating  in  two  blunt  apical  processes. 
The  oedagus  also  in  each  case  was  found  to  be  of  the  same  type 
and  vastly  different  from  that  of  novella,  having  an  enlarged 
base  and  a  long  and  curved  terminal  process.  In  constricta, 
however,  it  is  much  stouter  and  heavier  basally  than  in  4- 
punctata. 

Agallia  uhleri,  sanguinolenta,  and  cinerea  were  next  studied 
as  representatives  of  the  subgenus  Aceratagallia.  The  three 
were  found  to  agree  in  type  of  styles  and  oedagus  which  in  the 
case  of  both  organs  was  entirely  different  from  that  found  in 
the  other  two  subgenera.  In  this  group  the  style  consists  of 
a  more  or  less  club-shaped  basal  portion  and  a  broad  flat 
terminal  portion  which  has  the  mesal  margin  distinctly  ser- 
rate. But  the  styles  of  the  three  species,  while  of  the  same 
type,  are  yet  specifically  distinct.  Thus  in  sanguinolenta  the 
terminal  portion  is  drawn  out  into  a  long  lateral  tooth,  while 
the  style  of  uhleri,  though  much  like  it,  lacks  this  lateral  tooth. 
The  style  of  cinerea,  on  the  other  hand,  has  the  mesal  margin 
strongly  rounded  apically,  a  condition  not  found  in  the  other 

4 — Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


50  THE    UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

two,  denoting  the  closer  relationship  of  uhleri  to  sanguinolenta 
than  to  cinerea.  These  three  forms  agree  also  in  having  a 
small  oedagus  built  on  the  same  pattern  but  differing  in  minor 
details. 

Thus  it  was  found  that  representatives  of  these  three  sub- 
genera,  though  each  with  its  own  characteristic  genitalia,  yet 
by  these  organs  alone  could  readily  be  divided  into  three  dis- 
tinct groups.  In  view  therefore  of  this,  combined  with  the 
differences  in  the  nymphs  and  the  adults,  it  has  been  thought 
best  to  raise  Kirkaldy's  subgenera  to  generic  rank.  And  this 
leads  us  to  believe  that  with  similar  studies  in  other  groups, 
similar  changes,  one  way  or  the  other,  will  be  forthcoming. 

The  above  shows  the  value  of  such  studies  in  determining 
generic  differences.  It  has  been  found  throughout  the  work 
that  they  are  also  of  great  value  in  specific  determinations 
within  the  genus.  So  far  we  have  not  run  across  a  single  case 
where  we  could  not  find  specific  differences  in  the  genitalia  of 
the  species  of  any  genus.'  It  is  true,  however,  that  in  some 
genera,  such  as  Idiocerus,  these  differences  may  be  very  slight, 
and  further  and  careful  study  must  be  given  to  them  before 
they  could  be  used  very  much  in  separating  the  species.  Even 
here,  however,  it  has  been  found  that  they  have  some  value,  for 
such  species  as  Idiocerus  verticis  and  nervatus  can  readily  be 
distinguished  by  the  structure  of  the  oedagus. 

Furthermore,  we  believe  these  genitalia  will  help  to  settle 
questions  as  to  the  specific  or  varietal  rank  of  certain  forms. 
Illustrations  of  this  were  readily  found  among  the  Typhlocybini 
as  well  as  among  other  groups.  Thus  it  was  found  that  Ery- 
throneura,  obliqua  had  a  constant  form  of  internal  genitalia. 
When  its  variety  fumida,  however,  was  examined,  it  was  found 
that  in  no  way  could  it  possibly  be  considered  as  belonging  to 
the  same  species,  for  the  differences  both  of  styles  and  oedagus 
could  not  possibly  be  as  great  in  mere  varieties  of  the  same 
species.  In  the  styles  it  was  found  that  the  terminal  tooth  of 
the  latter  was  invariably  much  longer  and  more  slender,  while 
the  cedagus  of  the  latter  was  distinctly  bifid  apically  as  com- 
pared with  the  bluntly  apexed  cedagus  of  the  former.  Then 
when  the  variety  dorsalis  was  examined,  the  style  was  found 
to  be  very  different  apically  from  that  of  the  preceding  two 
forms,  while  the  oedagus  had  a  pair  of  very  large  and  con- 
spicuous lateral  processes  of  which  in  the  two  preceding  forms 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  51 

there  was  not  even  a  suggestion.    It  seemed  clear  enough  then 
that  the  three  forms  examined  must  be  distinct  species. 

With  the  thought  in  mind  that  such  would  also  prove  to  be 
the  case  with  the  variety  ncevus,  we  started  in  to  study  the 
latter  form,  but  to  our  surprise,  we  found  that  in  no  appreci- 
able way  did  it  differ  from  typical  obliqua,  and  as  far  as  the 
genitalia  showed  was  a  true  variety.  And  when  one  considers 
the  color  markings,  it  can  readily  be  seen  that  this  form  is 
certainly  far  nearer  typical  obliqua  than  are  either  fumida  or 
dorsalis.  Accordingly  we  have  decided  to  give  the  latter  two 
specific  rank,  while  retaining  noevus  as  a  variety. 

In  the  same  way  it  was  found  that  the  variety  nigra  of 
Erythroneura  vulnerata  could  no  longer  be  considered  as  such 
because  of  the  absolute  difference  in  these  organs,  and  so  it 
too  is  raised  to  specific  rank. 

Erythroneura  comes  and  its  varieties  also  furnished  inter- 
esting results.  All  the  varieties  were  not  at  hand  for  study, 
but  all  available  ones  were  studied  with  the  result  that  varieties 
scutelleris,  basalaris,  and  maculata  are  here  given  specific  rank, 
while  the  other  varieties  studied,  namely,  ziczac,  vitis,  infuscata, 
and  coloradensis,  are  retained  as  varieties.  The  former  three 
have  a  type  of  genitalia,  especially  the  oedagus,  entirely  differ- 
ent from  that  found  in  the  rest  of'the  comes  group.  The  dif- 
ferences are  very  strong  and  obvious.  They  differ,  however, 
very  characteristically  among  themselves  in  the  shape  of  the 
chitinous  process  in  the  dorsal  margin  of  the  pygofers.  In 
basalaris  this  process  is  a  simple  rod  tapering  to  an  acute  tip. 
In  maculata  this  process  terminates  in  two  short  and  stout 
and  widely  separated  teeth.  In  scutelleris  it  is  of  the  same 
type  as  in  maculata,  but  terminates  in  two  long  slender  and 
approximate  teeth.  Thus  they  are  readily  separated  from 
each  other. 

Moreover,  when  one  studies  the  color  markings  of  these 
forms,  it  will  be  seen  that  these  three  are  more  distant  from 
comes  than  are  the  four  which  are  retained  as  varieties.  The 
variety  coloradensis  differs  from  typical  comes  only  in  the 
black  spots  of  the  scutellum.  In  ziczac  the  spots  of  comes  have 
darkened  and  fused  into  the  characteristic  elytral  lines  and 
these  are  carried  on  to  the  pronotum  and  head  in  infuscata, 
And,  as  Gillette  states,  ziczac  can  readily  be  taken  as  an  inter- 
mediate form  between  the  typical  comes  and  the  variety  vitis. 


52  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

It  should  be  mentioned  here,  however,  that  even  in  the 
case  of  these  four  varieties  minor  differences  were  observed 
and  further  study  to  ascertain  the  limits  of  variation  in  the 
genitalia  of  this  group  might  make  changes  in  the  position  in 
which  we  at  this  time  leave  these  varieties.  For  the  present 
though  it  seems  best  to  leave  them  as  varieties.  The  three 
which  here  are  given  specific  rank  are,  however,  very  distinctly 
good  species. 

It  should  also  be  mentioned  here  that  in  the  larger  group- 
ings there  is  more  or  less  uniformity  in  the  form  of  the  geni- 
talia. This  is  not  true  of  all  the  groups.  But  in  some  cases,  as 
for  example  in  the  Typhlocybini,  we  find  the  styles  charac- 
teristic of  the  group. 

Thus  in  the  larger  groups,  the  genera,  the  species,  and  in 
the  varieties,  we  find  in  a  study  of  these  organs  much  that 
either  confirms  our  present  disposition  of  the  members  of 
this  family,  or  else  that  shows  us  how  to  improve  in  our 
classification.  All  that  this  paper  shows  is  simply  the  possi- 
bility along  this  line.  As  previously  stated,  the  real  value  of 
such  studies  can  only  be  shown  when  genera  are  treated  in 
their  entirety.  This  it  is  hoped  will  be  done  for  many,  if  not 
all  the  groups,  in  the  years  to  come. 


Recognition  of  the  Cicadellidae. 


It  is  not  probable  that  the  Cicadellidas  would  be  confused 
with  any  of  the  Homoptera  Sternorhynchi,  for  in  the  latter, 
among  the  differences,  the  beak  seemingly  arises  from  be- 
tween the  prothoracic  legs  instead  of  the  posterior  portion  of 
the  head,  the  antennae  are  of  any  form  except  setaceous  as  they 
are  in  the  leaf  hoppers,  and  the  tarsi  are  composed  of  one  or 
two  segments,  while  in  the  leaf  hoppers  there  are  always  three. 

Of  the  Homoptera,  Auchenorhynchl  the  Cicadidse,  because  of 
their  much  larger  size,  need  never  be  confused  with  the  leaf 
hoppers.  The  Fulgoridae  are  also  distinguished  from  them  by 
having  the  variously  formed  antennae  situated  directly  below 
the  eyes,  instead  of  having  the  invariably  setaceous  antennae 
between  and  below  the  eyes.  The  Membracidfe  usually  have  the 
pronotum  extending  back  over  the  abdomen,  whereas  that  of 
the  leaf  hoppers  does  not.  In  the  few  tree  hoppers  where  the 
pronotum  does  not  extend  back  over  the  abdomen,  we  do  not 
find  the  hind  tibiae  provided  with  the  double  row  of  stout  spines 
as  in  the  leaf  hoppers.  The  Cercopidse  are  separated  from  the 
leaf  hoppers  by  also  lacking  these  spines,  having  instead  one  or 
two  stout  spines  along  the  tibiae  and  a  circlet  of  small  ones  at 
the  apex. 

The  following  is  a  key  for  the  separation  of  these  families  : 

A.    Large  insects  with  three  ocelli.  Cicadidx. 

AA.    Smaller  insects  with  two  or  no  ocelli. 

B.    Pronotum  usually  prolonged  backward   over  abdomen;   hind 

tibiae  without  double  row  of  spines.  Membracidse. 

BB.    Prcnotum  never  prolonged  backward  over  abdomen. 
C.    Antennas  setaceous,  between  and  below  eyes. 

D.    Hind  tibiae  with  distinct  double  rows  of  spines. 


DD.    Hind  tibiae  with  one  or  two  stout  spines  and  termi- 

nating in  a  circlet  of  small  spines.    Cercopidse. 
CC.    Antennae  of  various  forms  but  directly  below  the  eyes. 

Fulgoridx. 

It  will  be  seen  from  the  above  that  the  characteristically 
spined  hind  tibiae  alone  are  enough  to  distinguish  the  leaf  hop- 
pers from  any  of  the  other  families.  Indeed  this  is  the  out- 
standing feature  of  the  family. 

(53) 


Systematic  Treatment  of  Kansas  Species. 


Van  Duzee  in  his  catalogue  of  the  Hemiptera  of  America 
north  of  Mexico,  divides  the  Cicadellidse  into  five  subfamilies, 
which  may  be  separated  by  the  following^key : 

A.    Ocelli  below  margin  of  vertex. 

B.    With   a   distinct  margin  between  the  vertex   and   the  front. 

Paropinas. 
BB.    Without  a  distinct  margin  between  the  vertex  and  the  front. 

By  thoscopinse. 

AA.    Ocelli,  if  present,  on  or  above  margin  of  vertex. 
B.    Ocelli  on  disc  of  vertex. 

C.    Body  elongate,  cylindrical.  Cicadellinv. 

CC.    Body  more  robust,  flattened.  Gyponinse. 

BB.    Ocelli,  if  present,  on  or  near  the  margin  of  vertex. 

Jdssinse. 

The  Paropinse  do  not  occur  in  the  state,  being  found  only 
west  of  the  Rockies. 

Subfamily  BYTHOSCOPIN^E  (Dohrn). 

The  members  of  this  subfamily  are  in  the  main  short  and 
broad  species,  having  the  ocelli  below  the  margin  of  the  vertex 
on  the  front,  and  with  no  distinct  margin  between  the  vertex 
and  the  front. 

KEY  TO  GENERA. 

A.    Anterior  margin  of  pronotum  not  distinctly  produced  beyond  an- 
terior margin  of  the  eyes;  vertex  rounded  anteriorly. 
B.    Head  as  wide  as,  or  wider  than,  pronotum. 
C.    Elytra  without  a  distinct  appendix. 
D.    Pronotum  finely  granulated. 

E.    Posterior  margin  of  vertex  elevated,  forming 

irregular  curve.  Agalliopsis. 

EE.    Posterior  margin  of  vertex  normal,  forming 

regular  curve.  Agallia. 

DD.    Pronotum   transversely   and   coarsely   granulated. 

A  cera  taga  Ilia. 

CC.    Elytra  with  distinct  appendix.  Idiocerus. 

BB.    Head  narrower  than  pronotum.  Bythoscopus. 

AA.    Anterior  margin  of  pronotum  distinctly  produced  beyond  anterior 
margin  of  the  eyes ;  vertex  obtusely  angulate. 

B.    Striations  of  pronotum  oblique.  Macropsis. 

BB.    Striations  of  pronotum  transverse.  Oncopsis. 

(54) 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  55 

Genus  AGALLIOPSIS  Kirk. 

This  genus  is  distinguished  from  related  genera  by  the 
characteristic  elevated  and  irregularly  curved  posterior  margin 
of  the  vertex.  This  condition  results  from  a  similarly  formed 
vertex  in  the  nymphs,  in  which,  according  to  Osborn  and  Ball, 
"the  entire  posterior  margin  of  the  vertex  is  elevated  and  car- 
ried obliquely  upward  and  forward  before  the  eyes  on  the  same 
plane  as  the  face,  the  upper  carinate  margin  being  shallowly 
roundingly  bilobed." 

Only  two  species  of  this  genus  are  found  in  the  United  States, 
one  of  which  occurs  in  Kansas. 

Agalliopsis  novella  (Say). 

(PI.  2,  figs.  1-4.) 

Jassus  novellus  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  VI,  p.  309,  1831. 
Macropsis  nobilis  Forbes,  14th  Kept.  111.  St.  Ent.,  p.  22,  1884. 
Agallia  novellus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  XXI,  p.  8,  1889. 
Idiocerus  novellvs  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  Ill,  p.  293,  1890. 
Agallia  novella  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  V,  p.  196,  1894. 
Agallia  novella  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  54,  1898. 
Agallia  novella  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  13,  1916. 
Agallia  novella  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  571,  1917. 
Agattia  novella  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  20,  1919. 

Form:  The  body  outline  forms  almost  a  perfect  wedge.  It  is  com- 
paratively more  slender  than  the  members  of  the  genus  Agallia.  Length, 
about  3.75  mm.  Vertex  short,  gradually  lengthening  toward  eyes,  with 
distinct  lobe  caudad  of  mesal  margin  of  eyes.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  anterior  margin  quite  convex  between  lobes  of  vertex,  posterior 
margin  slightly  concave  within  same  limits,  lateral  margins  obsolete, 
humeral  margins  long,  longer  than  in  Agallia  constricta.  Elytra  very 
long,  extending  far  beyond  tip  of  abdomen. 

Color:  There  is  a  considerable  range  of  variation  in  the  color.  Some 
specimens,  especially  females,  are  often  almost  unicolorously  light  brown, 
barely  showing  the  four  black  spots  near  the  margin  of  the  vertex. 
Others,  usually  males,  have  a  much  more  variegated  appearance,  being 
dark  brown,  with  lighter  markings  along  the  margin  of  the  vertex,  sides 
of  the  scutellum,  the  basal  half  and  tip  of  the  clavus.  In  such  forms 
the  four  black  spots  of  the  vertex  are  very  prominent,  as  is  the  median 
line  of  the  pronotum  with  its  dark  black  spot  on  either  side. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  long  laterally 
but  only  about  half  as  long  medially,  due  to  a  deep  circular  excision; 
pygofers  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  about  two-thirds  as 
long  as  wide,  truncate  behind;  plates  long  and  scarcely  tapering  except 
near  tip  and  forming  the  lid  to  a  box  formed  by  the  very  peculiar  and 
very  characteristic  pygofers.  The  last-mentioned  organs  alone  are 
enough  to  distinguish  the  males  of  this  species. 


56  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  composed  of  two  unequal  pieces,  the 
larger  ventrad  of  the  smaller;  connective  inverted  Y-shaped,  with  slender 
rounding  arms  and  stem  broadened  to  connect  with  oedagus ;  oedagus  with 
wedge-shaped  base,  to  end  of  which  is  fastened  U-shaped  structure  con- 
sisting of  a  straight  anterior  arm  and  a  curved  posterior  one.  A  pair  of 
slender  pointed  stylets  arise  near  base  of  the  U  and  run  caudad  along 
either  side  of  the  curved  arm  of  the  U.  In  the  side  of  each  pygofer  is 
imbedded  a  curved  chitinous  bar,  the  ends  of  which  on  emerging  turn 
dorsad  and  end  in  a  toothed,  triangular,  pointed  style.  At  the  base  of 
the  anal  tube  lies  a  well  developed  horseshoe,  the  tips  of  which  end  in 
upturned  points  in  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Cherokee,  Riley,  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie 
counties  are  the  only  ones  in  which  this  species  has  yet  been 
taken.  Presumably  it  occurs  throughout  the  eastern  portion  of 
the  State. 

Hosts:  The  records  show  that  grasses  and  weeds  in  woods 
or  shaded  places  have  yielded  all  our  specimens. 

Genus  AGALLIA  Curt. 

This  is  group  I  of  the  genus  Agallia  of  Osborn  and  Ball.  It 
differs  from  the  preceding  genus  in  not  having  the  elevated 
and  irregularly  curved  posterior  margin  of  the  vertex,  and 
from  the  following  genus  in  that  the  pronotum  is  finely  granu- 
lated instead  of  being  coarsely  punctured  and  transversely 
striated. 

Just  two  species  of  this  genus  occur  in  Kansas.  These  may 
be  distinguished  by  the  following  key. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Broader,  stouter,  male  plates  tapering  regularly  to  acute  tip,  last 
ventral  segment  of  female  with  posterior  margin  usually  elevated. 

4-punctata. 

A  A.  Narrower,  more  slender,  male  pTates  distinctly  constricted  near  the 
middle,  last  ventral  segment  of  female  with  posterior  half  distinctly 
depressed.  constricta. 

Agallia  4-punctata  (Prov.). 

(PI.  2,  figs.  5-6.) 
Bythoscopus  4-punctala  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,  IV,  p.  376,  1872. 

(Agallia  flacida  Uhl.  MS)  Van.  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  XXI,  p.  9,  1889. 
Agallia  quadripunctata  Van  D.,  Ent.  Am.,  V,  p.  167,  1889. 

Ulopa  canadensis  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  XIX,  p.  301,  1892. 

Agallia  4-punctata  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  80,  1890. 

Agallia  4-punctata  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  48,  1898. 

Agallia  4-punctata  DeLi.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent,  Bui.  17,  p.  12,  1916. 

Agallia  4-punctata  Van  I).,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  572,  1917. 

Agallia  4-punctata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bill.  199,  p.  21,  1919. 

Form:  This  species  is  not  only  larger  than  the  other  species  of  the 
Agallia  group  found  in  the  state,  but  it  is  also  proportionately  more  ro- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  57 

bust,  and  hence  is  readily  distinguished.  Length,  about  4  mm.  Vertex 
short,  of  about  same  length  throughout.  Pronotum  more  than  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  anterior  margin  broadly  convex,  posterior  margin  slightly 
concave,  humeral  margins  rounding  to  eye.  There  is  a  very  distinct 
bulge  to  the  sides  of  the  elytra  that  seems  quite  characteristic. 

Color:  Varies  from  yellowish  brown  to  almost  dark  brown.  Usually 
quite  uniformly  colored,  except  for  the  two  dark  spots  on  vertex  and  pro- 
notum.  Males  and  females  colored  alike.  More  uniform  in  color  than  the 
following  species. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  three-fourths  as 
long  as  wide,  tapering  through  posterior  third,  hind  margin  usually  ele- 
vated ;  pygof ers  broad,  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  about  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  slightly  produced  medially;  plates  broad  at  base,  tapering 
evenly  to  acute  tips.  The  straightness  and  evenness  of  the  plates  is 
characteristic.  Pygofers  shorter  than  plates  and  almost  hidden  by  the 
latter. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  club-shaped,  terminating  in  two  short 
lobes,  the  inner  of  which  is  sharply  pointed;  connective  broad  and  well- 
developed,  consisting  of  a  short  caudally  directed  portion  and  a  long  part 
directed  cephalad  to  unite  with  the  oedagus;  oedagus  consists  of  a  broad 
T-shaped  portion  from  the  base  of  which  arises  a  very  long  slender  proc- 
ess extending  caudad  beyond  the  margin  of  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Douglas,  Riley,  Labette  and  Pottawatomie 
counties  have  furnished  the  Kansas  specimens  hitherto  col- 
lected. There  are  specimens  from  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  in  the 
Snow  collection.  The  range  of  this  species  would  seem  to  be 
that  of  the  preceding. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  give  the  following  host  plants: 
Horse-radish,  beet,  Helianthus,  Eupatorium. 


Agallia 
Agallia 
Agallia 
Agallia 
Agallia 


Agallia  constricta  Van  D. 

(PI.  2,  figs.   7-10.) 

onstricta  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  XXVI,  p.  90,  1894. 
onstricta  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  '52,  1898. 
onstricta  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  13,  1916. 
onstricta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  572,  1917. 
onstricta  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  19,  1919. 


Form:  A  good  deal  like  preceding  species  but  somewhat  smaller,  not 
so  robust,  elytra  longer  and  narrower.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex 
slightly  longer  next  the  eyes  than  elsewhere,  posterior  margin  slightly 
elevated;  pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  con- 
vex, posterior  margin  slightly  concave,  humeral  margins  distinctly  de- 
veloped at  the  expense  of  the  practically  obsolete  lateral  margins. 

Color:  Much  the  color  of  4-punctata.  The  type  shows  a  pair  of  large 
black  spots  on  vertex,  and  a  pair  on  posterior  half  of  pronctum.  Vertex 
with  a  median  brown  line  extending  the  length  of  the  pronotum  and  al- 


58 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


most  entire  length  of  scutellum.  Posterior  half  of  scutellum  lighter 
colored  than  the  rest  of  the  quite  uniformly  colored  body. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  long  as 
wide,  posterior  half  depressed  on  either  side  of  a  median  carinate  line, 
posterior  margin  obtusely  rounded;  pygofers  wide  and  slightly  exceeded 
by  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  twice  as  broad  as  long,  margins  parallel ;  plates 
long  and  narrow,  constricted  near  middle,  making  these  organs  very 
characteristic;  pygofers  large,  equalling  or  exceeding  the  plates. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  of  same  type  as  in  4-punctata  only  the 
processes  here  are  much  longer;  connective  T-shaped,  not  as  wide  as  in 
4-punctata,  and  without  the  bend  of  the  former;  oedagus  large,  horn- 
shaped,  with  small  dorsal  process  at  base  and  bifid  at  tip. 

Distribution:  This  species,  like  the  preceding,  seems  to  be 
found  only  in  Eastern  Kansas  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Our  specimens  were  taken  when  sweeping  grasses 
and  weeds,  on  alfalfa,  and  at  electric  lights.  It  seems  to  be 
quite  a  general  feeder  occurring  on  a  variety  of  food  plants. 

Genus  ACERATAGALLIA  Kirk. 

This  is  the  third  group  of  Osborn  and  Ball.  These  forms 
are  readily  separated  from  the  other  members  of  the  Agcdlia 
group  by  the  coarsely  punctured  and  transversely  striated 
pronotum.  There  are  no  round  black  spots  on  the  pronotum, 
which  is  either  unicolorous  or  marked  with  dark  bands. 

The  three  members  of  this  genus  that  occur  in  the  State 
may  be  separated  by  the  following  key: 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Spots  on  vertex  large,  usually  dark,  forms.  sanguinolenta. 

AA.    Spots  on  vertex  small,  lighter  forms. 

B.    Elytra  greatly  exceeding  tip  of  abdomen.  uhleri. 

BB.    Elytra  scarcely  exceeding  tip  of  abdomen.  cinerea. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLHX/E.  59 

Aceratagallia  sanguinolenta  (Prov.). 

(PI.  3,  figs.  5-8.) 

Bythoscopus  sanguinolentus  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,  IV,  p.  376,  J.872. 
Bythoscopus  siccifolius  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  8.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  I,  p.  359,  1876. 
Agallia  siccifolius  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  XXI,  p.  9,  1889. 
AgaUia  sanguinolenta  Van  D.,  Ent.  Am.,  V,  p.  166,  1889. 
AgaUia  sanguinolenta  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  81,  1895. 
Agallia  sanguinolenta  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  58,  1898. 
Agallia  sanguinolenta  Gibs.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  737,  1916. 
Agallia  sanguinolenta  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.',  Bui.  17,  p.  14,  1916. 
Agallia  sanguinolenta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  573,  1917. 
Agallia  sanguinolenta  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  XVIII,  No.  6,  p.  182,  1918. 
AgaUia  sanguinolenta  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  22,  1919. 

Form:  A  short,  broad  and  quite  flattened  species.  Length  about  3 
mm.  Vertex  longer  than  in  preceding  members  of  Agallia  group  and 
distinctly  longer  at  middle  than  next  to  eyes.  Pronotum  twice  wider 
than  long,  transversely  striated,  especially  on  posterior  two-thirds,  with 
anterior  margin  broadly  rounded,  posterior  margin  truncate  or  very 
slightly  concave,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  straight. 
Elytra  broad,  little  longer  than  abdomen  in  female,  considerably  longer 
in  some  males. 

Color:  Light  grey,  with  markings  varying  from  very  light  to  very 
dark.  Vertex  with  two  large  black  spots,  broad  median  brown  band  and 
brown  lines  next  the  eyes.  Face  with  suture,  six  or  seven  pairs  of 
frontal  arcs,  and  a  median  line  on  clypeus,  brown.  Pronotum  with  an 
interrupted  arc  of  six  brown  dashes  parallel  with  anterior  margin,  and 
with  three  longitudinal  brown  lines  running  caudad  from  the  arc,  the 
median  band  with  a  light  band  in  its  middle.  Elytra  with  a  mottled 
appearance,  nervures  brownish. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  wide  as 
long,  posterior  margin  sinuate,  appearing  to  have  two  small  lobes  sepa- 
rated by  a  median  notch;  pygofers  broad  and  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor. 
Male,  valve  short,  about  six  times  as  wide  as  long,  truncate,  lateral  mar- 
gins strongly  narrowed  posteriorly;  plates  broad,  tapering  to  truncated 
tips,  bases  appearing  constricted  because  enclosed  by  pygofers  whose 
tips,  thickly  set  with  coarse  hairs,  slightly  exceed  tips  of  plates. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  composed  of  cephalic  club-shaped  por- 
tion with  the  clubs  bent  mesad  and  a  caudal  flat  part  with  the  inner 
margin  strongly  serrate  for  its  entire  length  and  the  latero-caudal  corner 
drawn  out  into  a  long  stout  point,  the  points  for  attachment  of  con- 
nective very  prominent;  connective  with  broad,  rounded  base,  slightly 
concave  on  anterior  margin,  and  with  well  developed  stem;  oeda^us  short 
and  stout,  U-shaped,  with  arms  short.  Collar  at  base  of  anal  tube 
V-shaped  with  sides  strongly  divergent  and  appearing  to  be  composed 
of  five  segments. 

Distribution:  This  species  seems  to  be  more  widely  dis- 
tributed in  the  state  than  any  other  of  the  Agallia  group.  The 


60 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


records  show  it  reaching  further  west  than  the  others,  as 
shown  by  the  following  map: 


Hosts:  This  is  one  of  the  species  of  economic  importance 
feeding  especially  on  members  of  the  Leguminoste.  It  is  very 
common  on  alfalfa  and  clover  but  may  be  often  found  in  large 
numbers  on  wheat,  barley  and  rye,  and  also  on  wild  grasses. 

Aceratagallia  uhleri  (Van  D.). 

(PI.  3,  figs.  1-4.) 

Agallia  uhleri  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  XXVI,  p.  91,  1894. 
AgaUia  uhleri  Gt.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  81,  1895. 
Agallia  uMeri  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  59,  1898. 
Agallia  uhleri  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  574,  1917. 

Form:  Not  as  broad  and  flat  as  sanguinolenta,  elytra  much  longer. 
Length,  3  to  3.25  mm.  Vertex  shorter  than  in  sanguinolenta,  very 
slightly  longer  medially  than  next  to  the  eyes.  Pronotum  with  anterior 
margin  broadly  rounded,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave,  lateral  mar- 
gins long,  reaching  the  eyes. 

Color:  The  type  shows  the  vertex  bearing  two  black  spots,  smaller 
than  in  sanguinolenta;  pronotum  shows  two  small,  brown  spots  closer 
together  than  spots  of  vertex,  and  about  a  fourth  of  the  way  back  from 
the  anterior  margin;  scutellum  with  two  large,  black,  triangular,  basal 
spots,  the  greater  portion  of  which  show  up  black  through  the  pronotum; 
elytra  light  gray  with  darker  nervures,  thin,  showing  nervures  of  hind 
wings. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  broader  than  long, 
slightly  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  appearing  bilobed  be- 
cause of  large  median  incision  which  reaches  nearly  half  the  distance  to 
the  base;  pygofers  broad,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  valve 
about  five  times  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  fusing  with  posterior 
margins  to  form  a  regular  curve;  plates  short  and  stout,  slightly  tapering 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E. 


61 


and  cupping  to  very  broad  truncate  tips,   base   enclosed   by   pygofers, 
which,  slightly  exceeding  tip  of  plates,  form  a  median  keel. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  of  same  type  as  in  sanguinolenta  but 
without  latero-caudal  corner  drawn  out;  connective  much  as  in  sanguin- 
olenta and  yet  differing  in  several  details;  cedagus  with  rather  long  arm 
for  attachment  to  connective  and  two  arms  forming  a  very  shallow  V,  the 
whole  forming  an  irregular  V  with  the  base  formed  by  the  part  attached 
to  the  connective. 

Distribution:  This  species  seems  to  have  a  state-wide  dis- 
tribution, as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


CHEfEWN 

E   RAWLINS 

DECATUS 

NORTOK 

PHILL 

SrllTM 

JEWELL 

REPUP 

WASH 

HARSh 

NEH. 

BROr 

"fn! 

S 

) 

| 

SHERHA 

N   THOMAS 

SHERl 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OSB 

n  TCH 

CLOUD 

D>CKf 
nARlON 

iCpQT 
EARTK, 
10RR15 

CHASE 

•A 
~-^_ 

Aft 

A 

WALLACI 

LOGAN 

GOVE 

TRE60 

ELLIS 

RJS5 

UNC 

omwA 

SHAW- 

D^iT 

JOHN 

ELLSW 
RICE 

SAUNE 
ri'PHER 

OSA6£ 

corrE 

GRE.VT 

rtiCM 

scorr 

LANE 

NESS 

RUSH 
PAWNEE 

BARTW 

LYCH 

FRANK 

ANOtt 

niAni 

LINN 

HAM 
STAN 

(CAR. 
M,*T 

HASKJ 

FORD. 

1  —  L_ 
EOW. 

KlOvVH 

PlfATT 

RENO* 
KING* 

i 

S 

HARVEY 
EDGE 

B^LER 

GREEN 
ELK 

WOOD. 
WILSON 

ALLEN 
NEOS 

BOUR 
CRW. 

nORT  5 

TLV 

SEW 

rlEAQ 

CIAJ?K 

COHAN. 

BARSEf 

MAI?R 

SUHNER 

COW. 

nONT 

LAB. 

CHERO 

Hosts:  Definite  host  plants  seem  to  be  unknown.  It  is  gen- 
erally taken  sweeping  the  prairie  grasses. 

Aceratagallia  cinerea  (0.  &  B.). 

(PI.  2,  figs.  11-13.) 

Agallia  cincerea  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  62,  1898. 
Agallia  sanguinolenta  var.  inr.onnpicua  Bak.,  Psyche,  VIII,  p.  198,  1898. 
Agallia  cinerea  Ball,  Psyche,  IX,  p.  128,  1900. 

Agallia  cinerea  Van  D.,  Trans.  San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  II,  p.  52,   1914. 
Agallia  cinerea  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.   17,  p.  14,  1916. 
Agallia  cinerea  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  If.  A.,  p.  574,  1917. 
Agallia  cinerea  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  22,  1919. 

Form:  Smaller  than  the  other  species  of  the  Agallia  group,  broad 
and  flattened.  Vertex  broad  and  as  long  as  in  any  member  of  this  group, 
distinctly  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eyes.  Pronotum  more  than 
twice  as  wide  as  long,  coarsely  punctured,  anterior  margin  broadly  con- 
vex, posterior  margin  slightly  concave,  humeral  margin  long,  reaching 
the  eyes.  Elytra  a  little  longer  than  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Generally  uniformly  light  cinereous  except  for  two  small 
black  spots  on  vertex.  Much  lighter  than  uhleri,  being  the  lightest 
colored  member  of  the  Agallia  group. 


62 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 


External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  a  little  less  than 
three  times  as  long  as  broad,  posterior  margin  slightly  sinuate  and  with 
a  faint  median  notch;  pygofers  broad,  barely  exceeded  by  tip  of  oviposi- 
tor. Male,  valve  about  five  times  as  wide  as  long,  the  posterior,  and 
lateral  margins  forming  a  regular  curve ;  plates  not  as  broad  proportion- 
ately as  in  uhleri,  tapering  to  somewhat  truncate  tips;  pygofers  enclosing 
base  of  plates  and  slightly  exceeding  them,  meeting  in  a  median  ridge. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  with  broad  basal  club-shaped  portion 
much  as  in  two  preceding  species,  but  terminal  half  sinuate  and  terminal 
fourth  broadly  rounded  and  serrate  medially,  with  caudo-lateral  corner 
drawn  out  into  strong  point  much  as  in  sanguinolenta. 

Distribution:  So  far  this  species  has  been  taken  only  in  the 
southeastern  corner  of  the  state,  as  shown  by  the  following 
map: 


Hosts:  The  definite  host  is  unknown,  our  specimens  being 
taken  when  sweeping  in  pastures. 

Genus  IDIOCERUS  Lewis. 

This  genus  contains  rather  large  wedge-shaped  insects  which 
taper  gradually  from  the  wide  head  backward.  The  vertex  is 
short,  the  margins  parallel.  The  male  antennas  frequently  end 
in  flattened  discs.  The  elytra  are  long  and  narrow,  usually 
exceeding  the  abdomen,  and  have  a  very  large  appendix.  All 
of  our  forms  live  in  trees,  chiefly  willow,  cottonwood,  and 
Cratsegus. 

Eight  species  of  this  genus  have  been  taken  in  the  state,  but 
four  other  species  likely  occur  in  our  fauna  and  are  therefore 
included  in  the  key. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  63 

KEY   TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Vertex  with  two  round  black  spots. 

B.    Spots  on  vertex  large,  scarcely  more  than  their  own  diameter 
from  the  eyes. 

C.    Without  black  spots  on  pronotum  and  scutellum. 

'D.    Clavus  unicolorous.  fitchi. 

DD.    Basal  half  of  clavus  bright  yellow. 

provancheri. 
CC.    With  black  spots  on  pronotum  and  scutellum. 

crat&gi. 

BB.    Spots  on  vertex  small,  two  or  more  times  their  own  diameter 
from  the  eyes. 

C.    Nervures  of  elytra  not  distinctly  alternating  in  color; 
outer  anteapical  cell,  if  present,  triangular. 
D.    Green  forms,  dark  line  along  sutural  margin  of 

elytra.  snowi. 

DD.    Brown  forms,  without  dark  lines  on  sutural  margin 

of  elytra.  ramentosus. 

CC:    Nervures  of  elytra  usually  alternately  light  and  dark, 
outer  anteapical  cell  long  and  narrow. 
D.    Cross   nervure   between   first   and   second   sectors 

broadly  white.  moniliferx. 

DD.    Cross  nervure  between  first  and  second  sectors  not 
broadly  white. 

E.    Species  larger,  5  mm.  or  over,  darker;  male 
antennae  with  moderate  discs  on  longer  fila- 
ments, altematus. 
EE.    Species  smaller,  4.5  mm.  or  less,  lighter;  male 
antennae  with  very  large  discs  on  very  short 
filaments.  verticis. 
AA.    Vertex  without  round  black  spots. 

B.    With  dark  band  on  sutural  margin  of  elytra.       suturalis. 
BB.    Without  dark  band  on  sutural  margin  of  elytra. 
C.    Size  large,  over  5  mm.  long. 

D.    Outer  anteapical  cell  present,  male  antennal  discs 

large.  pallidus. 

DD.    Outer  anteapical  cell  absent,  male  antennal  discs 

very  small.  duzeei. 

CC.    Size  smaller,  less  than  5  mm.  long,  elytra  hyaline,  show- 
ing dark  nervures  of  the  wings.  nervatus. 

Idiocerus  fitchi  Van  D. 

Idiocerus  fitchi  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xli,  p.  383,  1909   (n.  n.  for  maculipennis  Fh.). 

Idiocerus  maculipennis  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  59,  1851. 

Bythoscopus  maculipennis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  IV.,  p.  1161,   1852. 

Idiocerus  maculipennis  Van  D.,  Psyche,  V,  p.  388,  1890. 

Idiocerus  maculipennis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  pp.  73,  127,  1898. 

Idiocerus  maculipennis  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  507,  1905. 

Idiocerus  fitchi  Britt.  &  Saund.,  Can.  Ent..  xlix,  p.  149,  pi.  IX,  1917. 

Idiocerus  maculipennis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  580,  1917. 

Idiocerus  maculipennis  Nic.,  Ent.  News,  XXX,  p.  277,  1919. 

*  Adapted  from  Osborn  and  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.   125,  1898. 


64  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

This  species  has  not  yet  been  reported  from  the  state,  but  likely  occurs 
here.  It  is  a  chestnut  brown  species  with  two  large,  black  spots  on  the 
vertex,  the  costal  margin  of  the  distal  half  of  the  wings  has  two  large, 
dark-brown  spots  which  are  separated  by  a  large  hyaline  band.  Length, 
5.25  to  5.75  mm.  Ball  records  it  as  abundant  on  hawthorn  and  crabapple. 

Idiocerus  provancheri  Van  D. 

Idiocerus  proeancheri  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiii,  p.  HI,  1890.  (n.  n.  for  clitellarhis 
Prov.) 

Bythoscopus  clitellarivs  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  288,  1890. 
Idiocerus  provancheri  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  I,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Idiocerus  provancheri  O.  &  B.,  1'roc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  127,  1898. 
Idiocerus  provancheri  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  77,  1916. 
Idiocerus  provancheri  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  580,  1917. 

This  is  another  of  the  forms  which,  though  not  yet  reported  from 
Kansas,  likely  occur  here.  The  females  are  fulvous  brown,  the  males 
darker,  but  both  are  readily  recognized  by  having  broad,  yellow  stripes 
on  the  base  of  the  clavus.  Length,  5  to  5.3  mm.  Occurs  on  Cratasgus. 

Idiocerus  cratasgi  Van  D. 

Idiocerus  crateegi  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  XXII,  p.  110,  1890. 
Idiocerus  crateegi  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  128,  1898. 
Idiocerus  crateegi  Osh.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  507,  1905. 
Idiocerus  crateegi  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  580,  1917. 

This  species  will  likely  be  found  in  the  state  sooner  or  later,  though 
it  has  not  yet  been  taken  here.  It  is  slightly  smaller  than  the  preceding 
species,  olive  drab  in  color,  and  at  once  recognized  by  the  two  rows  of 
black  spots  on  the  vertex,  prothorax  and  scutellum.  Length,  4.75  to  5.25 
mm.  Feeds  on  Crataegus 

Idiocerus  snowi  G.  &  B. 

(PI.  3,  figs.  9-11.) 

Idiocerus  snowi  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  79,  1895. 
Idiocerus  snowi  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  129,  1898. 
Idiocerus  snowi  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip    N.  A.,  p.  579,  1917. 

Form:  Larger  and  usually  more  slender  than  preceding  species. 
Length,  5.25  to  5.75  mm. 

Color:  Pale  green  except  for  two  small,  black  spots  on  vertex,  a  dark 
band  on  sutural  margin  of  elytra  from  tip  of  scutellum  to  tip  of  clavus. 
Elytra  hyaline  and  with  tips  often  somewhat  dusky  or  brownish. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  less  than  three  times 
as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  short,  broadly  curving  with  posterior 
margin  to  point  of  greatest  length  of  the  segment  on  either  side  of  the 
broad  but  shallow  median  notch.  Pygofers  large,  but  exceeded  by  the 
ovipositor  for  more  than  a  third  of  their  length.  Male,  last  ventral  seg- 
ment short  except  on  median  line,  posterior  margin  sinuate  with  a 
large,  obtusely  pointed,  median  tooth;  plates  rather  slender,  somewhat 
exceeding  the  pygofers. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  large,  basal  portion  slender  and 
straighter,  distal  portion  stout  and  broadly  curved;  connective  broad, 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E. 


65 


corners  attached  to  styles  prominent,  bearing  a  large  ventral  *  process, 
slightly  concave  at  the  end  where  it  attaches  to  the  eedagus;  oedagus 
composed  of  a  dorsal  shorter  heavy  process  for  attachment,  and  a  longer 
ventral  process  terminating  in  a  sharp  point,  and  bearing,  at  about  its 
distal  third,  a  pair  of  diverging  anteriorly  directed  processes,  giving 
this  process  an  arrow-head  appearance.  Around  the  base  of  the  anal 
tube  is  a  heavy-set  U-shaped  collar  with  the  arms  of  the  U  slightly  di- 
verging. 

Distribution:  This  species  likely  occurs  throughout  the 
state,  for  specimens  have  been  taken  in  the  extreme  western 
and  eastern  portions,  as  shown  by  the  following  map: 


Idioceriis  ramentosus  (Uhl.). 


Bythoscopus  ramentosus  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  Ill,  p.  465.  1877. 

(Idiocerus  inscriptus  Uhl.  MS.)   in  collections. 

Idiocerus  ramentosus  Van  D.,  Psyche,  V,  p.  389,  1890. 

Idiocerus  verticis  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  Ill,  p.  292,  1890. 

Idiocerus  mimicus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  76,  1895. 

Idiocerus  ramentosus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  79,  1895. 

Idiocerus  brunneus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  pp.  72,  129,  1898. 

Idiocerus  ramentosus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  p.  137,  1898. 

Idiocerus  ramentosus  Gibs.,  Can.  Ent.,  XLIX,  p.  75,  1917. 

Idiocerus  ramentosus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  579,  1917. 

This  is  another  species  which  though  not  yet  reported,  will  likely  be 
found  in  Kansas. 

It  is  a  rather  broad  form,  of  a  cinnamon-brown  color,  and  having  two 
small,  black  spots  on  the  vertex.  Length,  5.5  mm.  It  is  a  willow-feeding 
species. 

Idiocerus  moniliferse  0.  &.  B. 

Idiocerus  moniliferce  O.  &  B..  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  pp.  71,  131,  1898. 
Idiocerus  momliferce  Tuck.,  Kan.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  IV,  p.  65,  1907. 
Idiocerus  moniliferce  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  578,  1917. 

Form:  Rather  broad  and  somewhat  flattened.    Length,  5.5  mm. 
Color:    Brownish  species.     Vertex  and  pronotum  rather  irregularly 

5— Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


66  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

marked 'with  dark-brown,  scutellum  with  large,  dark,  triangular  basal 
marks,  and  light -brown  median  band  between  the  two,  and  two  similar 
light-brown  bands  on  posterior  portion.  Face  with  dark  band  above 
ocelli,  and  other  irregular  markings.  Elytra  hyaline,  with  nervures  al- 
ternately light  and  dark,  and  differing  from  altematus  and  verticis  by 
having  the  cross  nervure  between  the  sectors  broadly  white. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  medially  produced 
posteriorly  and  slightly  notched;  pygofers  broad  and  long,  only  slightly 
exceeded  by  tip  of  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  with  very  short 
lateral  margins,  posterior  margin  greatly  produced  posteriorly,  forming  a 
very  large  obtusely-pointed  median  projection;  plates  short  and  stout, 
exceeded  by  tips  of  pygofers;  antennae  without  discs. 

Distribution:   Douglas,  Riley,  and  Wallace  counties  are  the 
only  ones  in  which  specimens  have  been  taken. 
Host:  Cottonwood. 

Idiocerus  altematus  Fh. 

Idiocerus  altematus  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  59,  1851 
Bythoscopus  altematus  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  Ill,  p.  876,  1851. 
Idiocerus  interruptus  Q.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  74,  1895. 
Itliorerwi  alternates  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  VII,  pp.  70,  131,   1893. 
Idiocerus  altematus  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  506,  1905. 
Idiocerus  alternates  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  93,  1915. 
Idiocerus  alternatus  DeL.  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  10,  1916. 
Idiocerus  altematus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  577,  1917. 
Idiocerus  alternatvs  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  18,   1939. 

Form:  Smaller  and  not  as  robust  as  preceding  species.  Length,  5  to 
5.25  mm. 

Color:  Brownish  species,  much  as  in  preceding  species.  Vertex  with 
two  small,  black  spots.  Broad  median  white  band  on  pronotum  and  ex- 
tending on  to  vertex.  Elytra  with  nervures  alternately  light  and  dark, 
a  distinct  broad  light  band  across  the  tips  of  the  outer  claval  nervures 
and  a  smaller  one  at  the  tip  of  the  clavus;  cross  nervure  between  the 
sectors  dark. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  short,  posterior  mar- 
gins truncate  or  slightly  sinuate,  with  faint  median  notch,  lateral  mar- 
gins strongly  narrowed  posteriorly;  pygofers  broad  and  long,  but  ex- 
ceeded by  the  ovipositor  for  a  third  their  length.  Male,  ventral  segment 
very  short  except  for  two  large  lateral  lobes  which  are  separated  by  a 
wide  and  deep  median  incision  in  which  is  a  very  small  median  lobe; 
plates,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  long  pygofers;  antennal  discs  nearly 
circular. 

Distribution:  So  far,  we  have  records  of  the  collection  of  this 
species  from  four  northern  counties,  namely :  Douglas,  Riley, 
Decatur  and  Rawlins. 

Hosts:  Willows. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLIDJE. 


67 


Idiocerus  verticis  (Say). 

(PI.  4,  figs.  4-6.) 

Jaxsus   verticis   Say,    Jl.   Acad.   Nat.    Sci.    Phila.,   VI,   p.   308,    1831;    Compl.   Writ.,    ii, 
383. 

Bytltoscop  *  verticis  Uhl.,  Bui.  U    S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  465,  1877. 
ertiria  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  389,  1890. 
erticis  0.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  80,  1895. 
erticis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  132,  1898. 
erticis  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  507,  1905. 
rus  vertices  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  11,  1916. 


Idioc 
Idioc 
Idioc 
Idioc 
Idioc 
Idioc 


rvs  verticis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  577,  1917. 

Form:  The  smallest  member  of  the  genus  in  Kansas.  Length,  4.25  to 
4.5  mm. 

Color:  Pale  brownish  to  nearly  white.  Pair  of  small,  black  spots  on 
vertex.  Pronotum  with  light-brown  markings  on  disc.  Scutellum  with 
basal  angles  black  or  brown.  Brown  nervures  of  elytra  usually  inter- 
rupted with  white,  dark  specimens  showing  light  spot  across  middle  of 
clavus. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  much  as  in  alter- 
natus,  short,  posterior  margin  usually  slightly  sinuate  on  either  side  of 
the  slightly  produced  and  faintly  notched  median  portion,  lateral  margins 
strongly  narrowed  posteriorly;  pygofers  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor  by 
about  one-third  their  length.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  in  altematus, 
with  long  lateral  lobes,  large  median  incision  with  small  median  lobe, 
median  incision  sometimes  not  as  deep  as  in  alternatus;  plates,  long  and 
slender,  equalling  the  long  pygofers;  antenna?  very  short  and  with  very 
large  discs. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  smaller  than  in  snowi,  basal  part  more 
slender;  connective  with  three  basal  processes,  as  in  snowi,  but  upper 
portion  narrow,  only  half  as  wide;  oedagus  Y-shaped,  with  distinct  base 
and  slender  upper  arm,  lower  arm  simple,  without  the  arrowhead  ap- 
pearance as  in  snowi;  collar  around  base  of  anal  tube  slender  and  open 
slightly  at  tip,  forming  almost  a  complete  circle. 

Distribution:  A  species  seemingly  occurring  over  the  state, 
as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Willows. 


68  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  Fh. 

Idiocerus  »uturalis  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  59,  1851. 

Bythoscopus  suturalis  Walk.,  List.  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1162,  1852. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  Vun  D.,  Can    Ent ,  xxi,  p.  8,  1899. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  388,  1890. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  80,  1895. 

Idiocerug  suturalis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  134,  1898. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxiv,  p.  311,  1902. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  Osb.,  20th  Kept,  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  506,  1905. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  95,  1915. 

Idiocerus  suturalis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  576,  1917. 

Form:   Larger  than  preceding  species.    Length,  5  to  5.75  mm. 

Color:  Light  yellow,  with  pronotum  and  scutellum  frequently  marked 
in  places  with  light  brown,  the  basal  angles  of  the  latter  sometimes  with 
black  triangles;  elytra  with  sutural  margins  broadly  marked  with  brown 
band  which  narrows  to  tip  of  clavus  and  then  expands  on  membrane  into 
a  smoky  area. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  with  lateral  mar- 
gins about  half  as  long  as  median  length,  due  to  a  broad  median  lobe; 
pygofers  broad  and  long,  exceeded  by  ovipositor  by  about  one-fifth  their 
length.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  very  narrow,  median  incision  broad 
and  with  a  broad,  short,  triangular  process;  plates  long  and  narrow,  ex- 
ceeding the  short  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Hitherto  taken  only  in  Douglas  and  Logan 
counties. 

Hosts:  Willows  seem  to  be  the  ordinary  host.  Van  Duzee 
reports  taking  specimens  from  poplar  and  birch,  also. 

Idiocerus  pallidus  Fh. 

(PI.  4,  figs.  1-3.) 

Idiocerus  pallidus  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  59,  1851. 
Bythoscopus  obsoletus  Walk.,  List.  Homop.,  iii,  p.  873,  1851. 
Bythoscopus  pallidus  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1162.  1852. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent,,  xxi,  p.  8,  1889. 
Idiocerus  unicolor  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  Q.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  76,  1895. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  135,  1898. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  93,  1915. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  11,  1916. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  Gibs.,  Can.  Ent.,  xlix,  p.  75,  1917. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  575,  1917. 
Idiocerus  pallidus  Fent,,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  182,  1918. 

Form :  This  and  the  following  species  are  the  largest  members  of  this 
genus  known  to  occur  in  the  state.  Broad.  Length,  6  to  6.5  mm.  Dis- 
tinguished from  duzeei  by  usually  having  long,  triangular,  outer  ante- 
apical  cell. 

Color:  Our  specimens  are  almost  uniformly  pale  green  with  the  eyes 
reddish-brown.  Elytra  are  frequently  iridescent  but  not  fuscous-tipped 
as  in  duzeei. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^.  69 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  one-fourth  as 
long  as  wide  laterally,  but  nearly  one-half  as  long  as  wide  medially,  due 
to  large  rounded  median  lobe  on  posterior  margin;  pygofers  exceeded  by 
ovipositor  for  about  one-third  their  length.  Male,  last  ventral  segment 
narrow,  the  tip  of  triangle,  in  the  wide  median  incision,  reaching  pos- 
teriorly to  point  in  line  with  lateral  lobes;  plates  very  long  and  narrow, 
frequently  greatly  exceeding  the  short  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  large  with  basal  portion  much  larger 
proportionally  than  in  verticis;  connective  of  same  type  as  in  verticis  but 
with  dorsal  portion  wider,  though  not  as  wide  as  in  snowi,  and  with  end 
fastened  to  cedagus  much  more  deeply  emarginated  than  in  the  latter; 
oedagus  without  basal  portion  as  in  verticis,  dorsal  arm  very  heavy  and 
with  heavy  ventral  portion  provided  with  retrorse  lateral  processes 
which,  however,  are  nearer  the  apex  than  in  snowi,  giving  the  arrowhead 
appearance;  antennae  with  moderately  large  oblong  discs. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Harvey,  Harper,  Riley,  Pottawato- 
mie,  and  Wyandotte  counties. 

Hosts:  Willows.  Doctor  Osborn  gives  poplar  as  a  host,  too. 
Crevecreur  records  sweeping  specimens  from  weeds  in  a 
pasture. 

Idiocerus  duzeei  Prov. 

erus  duzeei  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  292,  1890. 
erus  perplexus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  78,  1895. 
erus  perplexus  Bak.,  Ent.  News,  viii,  p.  54,  1897. 


Idio 
Idio 


erus  duzeei  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  136, 
erus  duzeei  Bak.,  Can.  Ent..  xxxii,  p.  207,  1900. 


Idiocerus  perplexus  Tuck,  Univ.  Kan.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  65,  1907. 
Idiocerus  perplexus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  95,  1915. 
Idiocerus  perplexus  Van  D.,  Cat.  H'emip.  N.  A.,  p.  577,  1917. 

Form:  Slightly  larger  than  pallidus.  Elytra  longer,  broad,  rarely 
having  outer  anteapical  cell.  Length,  6  to  7  mm. 

Color:  Yellowish-green,  pronotum  greenish,  scutellum  and  elytra  gol- 
den-yellow, latter  becoming  smoky  at  tip  in  female  and  darker  still  in 
male. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  laterally  than 
in  pallidus,  and  therefore  having  a  less  prominent  lobe  medially  on  the 
posterior  margin;  pygofers  broad  and  long,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovi- 
positor. Male,  last  ventral  segment  much  as  in  pallidus  but  with  median 
triangular  lobe  not  quite  as  long;  valves  long  and  narrow,  greatly  ex- 
ceeding the  short  pygofers;  antennal  disc  more  slender  than  in  pallidus. 

Distribution:  Taken  only  in  Pottawatomie  and  Riley  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  give  cottonwood  as  the  host  of  this 
species. 


70  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

Idiocerus  nervatus  Van  D. 

(PI.  4,  figs    7-9.) 

Idiocerus  nervatus  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v,  pp.  1£T4,  205,  1894. 
Idiocerus  nervatus  G.  &  B.,  Heniip.  Colo.,  p.  76,  1895. 


Idiocerus  nervatu 
Idiocerus  nervatu 
Idiocerus  nervatu 
Idiocerus  nervatu 
Idiocerus  nervati 


O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  137,  18! 
Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  506,  1905. 
DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  11,  1916. 
Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  575,  1917. 
Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  18,  1919. 


Form:  Next  to  verticis  the  smallest  member  of  the  genus  found  in 
the  state.  A  small,  stout  species  with  long  elytra.  Length,  4.5  to 
4.75  mm. 

Color:  Quite  uniformly  greenish  to  yellowish  in  color.  Elytra  quite 
hyaline,  showing  clearly  the  dark  nervures  of  the  under  wings. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  little  over  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  rounding,  posterior  margins  truncate  or 
slightly  sinuate  to  two  very  small  median  lobes,  separated  by  suggestion 
of  a  median  notch ;  ovipositor  exceeding  pygof ers  by  nearly  one-third  their 
length.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  short,  very  wide  median  excision 
bearing  distinct,  acutely  pointed  lobe;  valves  long  and  narrow,  but  not 
exceeding  the  long  pygof  ers ;  male  antennal  disc  small  and  nearly  circular. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  very  small  basal  portion,  even 
smaller  than  in  verticis;  connective  of  same  type  as  in  verticis  except 
that  dorsal  portion  is  more  slender;  cedagus  like  that  of  verticis  except 
for  the  small  pair  of  retrorse  processes  near  the  tip. 

Distribution:     Taken    in    Crawford,    Douglas,    Riley    and 
Ottawa  counties. 
Hosts:    Willows. 

Genus  BYTHOSCOPUS  Germ. 

To  this  genus  belong  short,  stout  species,  with  the  head  nar- 
rower than  the  prothorax,  the  anterior  margin  of  which  is  not 
produced  beyond  the  anterior  margin  of  the  eyes.  The  vertex 
is  short,  often  with  the  margins  nearly  parallel,  but  frequently 
much  longer  on  the  median  line  than  next  the  eyes.  The  pro- 
notum  is  large,  with  very  distinct,  parallel,  transverse  stria- 
tions.  The  elytra  are  subcoriaceous,  short,  deeply  punctured, 
and  with  the  punctures  bearing  short  hairs. 

Only  one  species  of  this  genus  has  been  recorded  from  Kan- 
sas, but  it  is  probable  that  the  following  two  occur. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Size  5.75  mm.  or  over,  more  slender  forms.  laetus. 

AA.    Size  5  mm.  or  less,  short,  broad  forms.  apicalis. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHXE.  71 

Bythoscopus  l&tus  (Uhl.). 

Pachyopsis  Icetus  Uhl,  Bui.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  466,  1877. 
Macropsis  Itetus  Ball,  Ohio  Nat.,  iii,  p.  397,  1903. 
Bythoscopus  Icetus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  589,  1917. 

This  large  green  species  has  not  yet  been  taken  in  Kansas.  Its  host 
plant,  Rhus  aromatica,  occurs  here  as  well  as  on  the  plains  of  Colorado, 
where  it  has  been  taken.  Its  pink  variety,  psetus  Ball,  reported  by  Ball 
to  occur  on  the  fruit  clusters  of  the  plant,  should  also  be  found  here. 
Length,  5.75  to  7  mm. 

Bythoscopus  apicalis  (0.  &  B.). 

PI.  5,  figs.  1-4.) 

Macropsis  apicalis  0.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  64,  1898. 
Macropsis  alabamensis  Bak.,  Psyche,  ix,  p.  58,  1900. 
Macropsis  apicalis  Ball,  Psyche,  ix,  p.  129,  1900. 
Macropsis  apicalis  DeL.,  Term.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  9,  1916. 
Bythoscopus  apicalis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  589,  1917. 

Form:  Short  and  broad.  Vertex  very  short  and  narrow.  Pronotum 
distinctly  striated  transversely,  much  broader  than  head,  lateral  margins 
long  and  widening  posteriorly,  humeral  margins  about  as  long  as  lateral 
margins,  posterior  margin  broadly  and  slightly  concave.  Elytra  appear- 
ing broad  and  short  but  exceeding  abdomen,  appendix  large  and  glabrous, 
but  rest  of  elytra  deeply  punctate  with  each  puncture  bearing  a  prom- 
inent hair. 

Color:  Uniformly  bright  green,  except  for  small  black  spots  on  apex 
of  elytra. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  a  little  over  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  posterior  angles  prominent,  with  posterior  margin  sinuate 
to  slightly  produced  broad  median  lobes  which  have  a  shallow  notch 
between  them;  pygofers  long,  barely  exceeded  by  tip  of  ovipositor  or 
equalling  or  even  exceeding  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  very  large,  prom- 
inently elevated  on  median  line,  as  long  as  broad,  posterior  margin 
broadly  convex. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  The  plates  are  completely  covered  by  the 
valve  and  are  therefore  here  described  with  the  internal  organs.  They 
are  over  twice  as  long  as  wide,  having  the  outer  anterior  angle  produced 
to  connect  with  the  styles  and  also  having  the  inner  posterior  angles 
greatly  produced  and  pointed,  outer  posterior  angle  large  and  broadly 
rounded,  making  the  plate  the  broadest  at  this  point.  They  are  peculiar 
also  in  their  position,  standing  almost  vertically  instead  of  being  in  the 
ordinary  horizontal  position.  Styles  are  long  and  slender  and  somewhat 
curved,  arising  from  the  top  or  really  the  anterior  end  of  the  plates. 
The  connective  here  seems  to  be  composed  of  a  U-shaped  piece  attached 
to  the  top  of  the  plates.  This  piece  has  a  small  anterior  lobe  to  which 
are  fastened  a  pair  of  long  chitinous  organs,  widest  near  the  middle,  and 
tapering  to  ends,  one  anteriorly  curved  and  the  other  posteriorly.  These 
organs  look  much  like  styles  but  judging  from  their  vertical  position  and 
their  relation  to  the  other  parts,  I  would  conclude  they  are  parts  of  a  very 


72  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

characteristic  connective  rather  than  a  second  pair  of  styles.  To  a 
point  near  the  middle  of  these  latter  organs  is  fastened  the  oedagus,  con- 
sisting of  a  large,  triangular  dorsal  piece,  when  viewed  laterally,  from 
the  base  of  which  there  extends  caudad  the  lower  portion  of  the  oadagus, 
which  consists  of  two  slender  processes  very  much  shorter  than  the 
styles.  In  the  sides  of  the  pygofers  are  imbedded  two  long  chitinous  or- 
gans as  illustrated. 

Distribution:  Douglas  county  is  the  only  place  within  the 
state  where  this  species  has  been  taken.  There  are  specimens 
in  the  Snow  collection  from  Kansas  City,  Mo.  It  should  occur 
wherever  its  host  is  found. 

Hosts:  Seemingly  confined  to  honey  locust. 

Genus  MACROPSIS  Lewis. 

In  this  genus  the  vertex  forms  only  a  narrow  margin  to  the 
pronotum,  the  head  being  almost  entirely  deflexed.  It  is  as 
wide  as  the  short  and  broad  pronotum,  the  anterior  margin  of 
which  is  distinctly  produced  beyond  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
eyes.  The  lateral  margins  of  the  pronotum  are  short,  the  pos- 
terior margin  broadly  or  angularly  concave,  and  its  surface  is 
distinctly  and  obliquely  striated.  The  scutellum  is  broadly 
triangular  and  with  a  transverse  depression  before  the  apex. 
Elytra  are  thin  and  rather  long. 

Seven  species  of  this  genus  likely  occur  in  Kansas,  five  of 
which  have  been  taken  here.  These  may  be  separated  by  the 
following  key : 

KEY  TO   SPECIES  * 

A.    General  color  above  fuscous  or  rusty  brown. 

B.    Face  marked  with  fuscous.  tristis. 

BB.    Face  unicolorous.  trimaculata. 

AA.    General  color,  orange  or  green. 

B.    Elytra  brownish  or  with  dark  brown  median  stripe. 

C.    Pronotum  green,  elytra  with  broad  median  band. 

suturalis. 

CC.    Pronotum  yellow,  elytra  brownish.  crocea. 

BB.    Elytra  greenish  or  slightly  fuscous  in  male. 

C.    Larger  species,  vertex  pointed,  propleurae  of  both  sexes 

marked  with  black  spots.  ei~ythrocephala. 

CC.    Smaller  species,  vertex  more  obtusely  angled,  propleurae 
of  female  unmarked. 

D.    Females  5  to  6  mm.  long,  males  with  spots  on  pro- 
pleurae,  viridis. 
DD.    Females  less  than   5  mm.  long,  males  with   pro- 
pleurae  unmarked.                                 gleditschise. 

*  Adapted  from  Osborn  &  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.   Acad.  Sri.,  vii,  p.  114,  1898. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLIDvE.  73 

Macropsis  tristis  (Van  D.). 

Pediopsis  tristis  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxii,  p.  249,  1890. 
Pediopsis  tristis  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Pediopsis  tristis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  pp.  66,  115,  1898. 
Pediopsis  tristis  Ball,  Ohio  Nat.,  iii,  p.  398,  1903. 
Macropsia  tristis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  585,  1917. 

This  species  very  likely  occurs  in  Kansas.  It  is  a  grayish-brown  form 
with  face  marked  with  a  black  band  above  and  large  spot  below  the 
ocelli.  Striations  of  pronotum  very  distinct.  Scutellum  with  dark  tri- 
angular spots  on  basal  angles.  Elytra  with  light  nervures,  heavily 
fuscous-margined,  making  them  very  distinct  and  characteristic.  Length, 
4.75  to  5.5  mm. 

Hosts:  Dr.  Ball  gives  wild  plum  as  the  host  of  this  form. 

Macropsis  trimaculata  (Fh.). 

Pediopsis  trimaculatus  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  60,  1851. 

Bythoscopus  trimaculatus  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1162,  1852. 

Pediopsis  insignia  Van  D.,  Ent.  Am.,  v,  p.  171,  1889. 

Pediopsis  insignia  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 

Pediopsis  trimaculata  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  116,  1898. 

Pediopsis  trimaculata  Ball,  Ohio  Nat.,  iii,  p.  398,  1903. 

Pediopsis  trimaculata  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  504,  1905. 

Pediopsis  trimaculata  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xli,  p.  383,  1909. 

Pediopsis  trimaculata  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  91,  1915. 

Macropsis  trimaculata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  584,  1917. 

Form:  Smaller  than  preceding  species.  Length,  4  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex 
and  pronotum  obtusely  angled,  latter  distinctly  striated  and  with  pos- 
terior margin  broadly  and  rather  deeply  concave. 

Color:  Yellowish-brown  to  dark  brown,  face  unicolorous.  Scutellum 
with  triangular  dark  spot  in  each  basal  angle.  Elytra  with  three  white 
spots  in  a  row  on  each  elytron,  the  anterior  one  frequently  wanting.  Pro- 
pleura  with  dark  spot  in  both  sexes.  Differs  from  tristis  in  having  face 
unmarked. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  lateral  margins  greatly  narrowed  posteriorly,  reducing  posterior 
margin  to  less  than  one-half  width  of  anterior  margin,  posterior  margin 
broadly  incised  between  the  distinct  lateral  angles;  pygofers  long  and 
narrow,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  about 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate  medially; 
plates  long  and  narrow,  somewhat  flattened,  much  exceeding  the  pygof- 
ers; broad  and  short,  widest  near  the  tip  and  ending  truncately. 

Distribution:  Pottawatomie  county  is  the  only  place  in  the 
state  where  this  species  has  yet  been  taken. 

Hosts:  Occurs  with  the  preceding  form  on  wild  plum. 


74  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Macropsis  suturalis   (O.  &  B.). 

PedioptriH  suturalis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  pp.  67,  119,  1898. 
Pediopsis  suturalis  Wirtn.,  Ann.  Cam.  Mus.,  iii,  p.  217,  1904. 
Pediopsis  suturalis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  92,  1915. 
Macropsis  suturalis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  583,  1917. 

Form:  A  large  species.  Length,  6  mm.  Vertex  and  pronotum  obtusely 
angled,  the  latter  with  the  striations  not  as  distinct  as  in  preceding 
species.  Elytra  long  and  slender. 

Color:  Green  all  over  except  for  dark  brown  lines  starting  on  pronotum 
behind  the  eyes,  including  all  the  clavus,  extending  beyond  clavus  at 
about  their  distal  half  and  continuing,  as  a  narrow  stripe,  to  tip  of 
elytra. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  as  in  trimaculata 
but  proportionately  larger;  pygofers  very  long  and  narrow,  slightly  ex- 
ceeded by  tip  of  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  broad,  slightly 
emarginate  posteriorly;  plates  long  and  narrow,  much  exceeding  the 
short  but  broad  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Ottawa  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 
Hosts:    Occurs  in  both  counties  on  Salix  amygdaloides. 
Macropsis  crocea  (0.  &  B.). 

Pediopsis  crocea  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  pp.  68,  120,  1898. 
Macropsis  crocea  Van  D.,  Oat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  583,  1917. 

Form:  Stout.  Length,  4  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  and  pronotum  obtusely 
angled.  Pronotum  coarsely  striated,  posterior  margin  deeply  concave, 
almost  parallel  with  anterior  margin.  Elytra  long  and  usually  somewhat 
spread  apart  at  tip. 

Color:   Yellow,  but  with  elytra,  especially  clavus,  clouded  with  brown. 

External  genitalia,:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  characteristic  of  the 
genus;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  last 
ventral  segment  over  twice  as  broad  as  long;  valve  appearing  to  be  short 
and  triangular;  plates  long,  narrow  and  flattened,  exceeding  the  short, 
broad  and  truncate  pygofers. 

Distribution:  This  form  has  not  yet  been  reported  from 
Kansas. 

Hosts:  The  types  were  taken  on  honey  locust. 

Macropsis  erythrocephala  (G.  &  B.). 

Pediopsis  erythrocephala  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  72,  1895. 

Pediopsis  erythrocephala  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  120,  1898. 

Pediopsis  erythrocephala  Ball,  Ohio  Nat.,  iii,  p.  398,  1903. 

Pediopsis  erythrocephala  Tuck.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  65,  1907. 

Macropsis  erythrocephalus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  583,  1917. 

Form:  A  large,  stout  species,  larger  than  other  green  species  of  this 
genus.  Length,  5  to  5.75  mm.  Vertex  and  pronotum  more  acutely  pointed 
than  in  most  members  of  the  genus.  Striations  of  pronotum  distinct,  but 
rather  fine. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  75 

Color:  Green,  varying  to  reddish-orange  on  face,  pronotum,  and 
scutellum  of  female.  Male,  greenish  brown,  with  dark-brown  spots 
laterally  near  anterior  margin  of  pronotum  and  on  basal  angles  of  the 
scutellum.  Propleurae  with  large  black  spots  in  both  sexes. 

Genitalia:  Characteristic  of  the  genus. 

Distribution:  Gray  and  Pottawatomie  counties  have  so  far 
yielded  specimens  of  this  species. 

Hosts:  Salix  fluviatilis  seems  to  be  the  willow  on  which  it 
occurs. 

Macropsis  viridis   (Fh.). 

(PI.  5,  figs.  7-9.) 

Pediopsis  viridis  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  59,  1851. 
Bythoscopus  viridis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1162,   1852. 
Pediopsis  viridis  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  467,  1877. 
Pediopsis  viridis  Van.  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxi,  p.  9,  1889. 
Pediopsis  viridis  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Pediopsis  viridis  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  73,  1895. 
Pediopsis  viridis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  121,  1898. 
Pediopsis  viridis  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  504,  1915. 
Pediopsis  viridis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  89.  1915. 
Pediopsis  viridis  DeL.  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  16,  1916. 
Macropsis  viridis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  582,   1917. 
Macropsis  viridis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  24,  1919. 

Form:  Medium  sized,  smaller  than  erythrocephala,  larger  than  gledits- 
chise.  Length,  4.5  to  5.5  mm.  Species  with  vertex  and  pronotum  ob- 
tusely angled,  the  latter  distinctly  striated. 

Color:  Female  green,  with  tips  of  elytra  slightly  fuscous;  males  green, 
but  tinged  with  fuscous,  elytra  brownish  practically  all  over.  Males  with 
black  spot  on  propleurae,  thus  differing  from  gleditschise. 

External  genitalia:  Characteristic  of  the  genus,  with  a  very  strong 
chitinous  band  bounding  the  posterior  margin  of  the  pygofers  and  ex- 
tending dorsad  in  a  prominent  spine. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  very  long,  with  a  distinct  bend  pos- 
terior to  point  of  attachment  with  connective,  terminal  portion  broadly 
curved  and  with  sides  about  parallel  clear  to  the  tip,  except  for  slight 
bulge  about  midway;  connective  large  and  stout,  Y-shaped  when  viewed 
dorsally,  with  base  of  Y  very  heavy  and  with  a  dorsal  terminal  process; 
cedagus  with  distinct  basal  portion  from  which  there  extends  dorsad  a 
strong  process  and  a  longer,  posteriorly  tapering  but  dorsally  curved  por- 
tion. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Douglas,  Pottawatomie  and  Ottawa 
counties. 

Hosts:   Willow. 


76  THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

Macropsis  gleditschix  (O.  &  B.). 

I'ediopsis  gleditschice  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  pp.  67,  122,  1898. 
Pediopsis  gledttschice  Wirtn.,  Ann.  Cam.  Mus.,  iii,  p.  218,  1904. 
Pediopsis  gleditschite  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  16,  1916. 
Macropsis  gleditschice  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  581,  1917. 

Form:  Smaller  than  viridis.  Pronotum  obtusely  angled  and  with  very 
distinct  striations. 

Color:  Deeper  green  than  viridis.  Males  slightly  fuscous  and  in  both 
cases  the  subhyaline  elytra  slightly  brownish.  Differs  from  other  green 
forms  in  lacking  the  black  spot  on  the  propleurae  in  both  sexes. 

External  genitalia:   Characteristic  of  the  genus. 

Distribution:  Found  so  far  only  in  Hamilton  county,  but 
likely  occurs  in  eastern  portions  of  the  state  as  well,  for  speci- 
mens have  been  taken  at  Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Hosts:  Honey  locust. 

Genus  ONCOPSIS  Burm. 

Like  Macropsis,  the  members  of  this  genus  have  the  pro- 
notum  angularly  produced  beyond  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
eyes,  but  the  pronotum  differs  in  being  rather  more  reticulate 
than  striate  and  with  the  reticulations  running  more  trans- 
versely than  obliquely.  The  pronotum  is  short  and  deeply  con- 
cave posteriorly,  with  the  lateral  margins  very  short. 

A  single  species  of  this  genus  has  been  taken  in  Kansas. 

Oncopsis  distinctus  (Van  D.). 

(PI.  5,  figs.  5-6.) 

Bythoscopus  distinctus  Van  D.,  Ent.  Am.,  vi,  224,  1890. 
Bythoscopus  distinctus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sri.,  vii,  p.  65,  1898. 
Bythoscopus  distinctus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  504,  1905. 
Bythoscopus  distinctus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  15,  1916. 
Oncopsis  distinctus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  588,  1917. 
Oncopsis  distinctus  Weiss,  Ent.  News,  xxix,  p.  310,  1918. 

Form:  A  short  robust  species.  Length,  4  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex  very 
short,  posterior  margin  raised  up  from  pronotum  which  is  not  as  sharply 
angled  as  in  Macropsis.  Pronotum  very  deeply  reticulate  and  scutellum 
somewhat  less  so.  Elytra  greatly  exceeding  abdomen  and  characterized 
by  having  only  two  anteapical  cells  and  four  apical  cells. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  usually  greenish,  sometimes 
brownish,  and  usually  pitted  with  black,  the  scutellum  with  triangular 
dark  spots  on  basal  angles.  In  light  forms  these  black  pits  and  spots  may 
be  absent.  In  typical  and  dark  forms  the  elytra  are  quite  dark  across  the 
base,  have  a  dark  band  across  tip  of  clavus  and  the  apex  darkened.  In 
light  specimens  the  elytra  are  gray  with  the  dark  spot  at  tip  of  clavus, 
cephalad  of  which  appears  a  light  area. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHXE.  77 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  sinuately  produced 
medially  and  with  small  median  notch;  pygofers  short  and  broad,  widest 
at  beginning  of  distal  half  and  then  tapering  suddenly,  slightly  exceeded 
by  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  margin  trun- 
cate ;  plates  long  and  narrow,  about  equal  to  the  long  narrow  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  anterior  portion  distinctly  club- 
like,  fastened  to  connective  at  middle  of  club,  terminal  portion  long, 
slender  at  base,  and  gradually  thickened  to  broad  and  plump  tip,  this 
terminal  portion  slightly  curved;  connective  with  three  basal  processes, 
the  median  one  long,  upper  part  slender  and  widening  at  tip  attached  to 
oedagus;  oedagus,  viewed  dorsally,  club-like,  with  a  broad,  heavy  base  and 
tip  somewhat  bifid,  fastened  at  about  its  middle  to  a  very  characteristic 
broadly  U-shaped  structure  with  the  tips  of  the  arms  directed  strongly 
caudad ;  imbedded  in  the  side  of  the  pygofers,  at  their  caudal  end,  are  two 
small,  pointed  chitinous  bars,  one  much  smaller  than  the  other. 

Distribution:    Reported  only  from  Douglas  and  Pottawato- 
mie  counties.    Probably  occurs  wherever  its  host  is  found. 
Hosts:    Taken  abundantly  on  walnut. 

Subfamily  CICADELLIN^  Van  D. 

This  subfamily  and  the  Gyponinte  are  at  once  distinguished 
from  all  other  members  of  the  Cicadellidss  by  having  the  ocelli 
situated  above  the  margin,  on  the  disc  of  the  vertex.  The  mem- 
bers of  the  Cicadellinse,  however,  are  cylindrical  and  elongate 
in  form,  as  distinguished  from  the  robust  and  flattened 
GyponinsR. 

Seven  genera  of  this  subfamily  occur  in  Kansas. 

KEY  TO   GENERA.* 

A.  Antennal  sockets  usually  overhung  by  a  distinct  ledge  which  pro- 
jects beyond  curve  of  head,  anterior  tibia3  sulcate  above  or  dilated  at 
the  extremity.  Elytra  narrow,  not  covering  lateral  margins  of  ab- 
dominal terga. 

B.  Thorax  roundingly  six-angular,  posterior  margin  rounding, 
with  a  slight  median  excavation.  Vertex  longitudinally  fur- 
rowed. Claval  veins  distant.  Aulacizes. 
BB.  Thorax  four-angular,  posterior  margin  broadly  emarginate, 
anterior  and  posterior  margins  nearly  parallel.  Claval  veins 
often  united  in  the  middle  or  approaching  and  tied  by  a  cross 
nervure. 

C.  Vertex  triangular,  longer  than  basal  width,  side  mar- 
gins nearly  straight;  face  as  seen  from  side  nearly 
straight.  Homalodisca. 

CC.  Vertex  obtusely  rounding,  shorter  than,  or  as  long  as 
basal  width;  face  as  seen  from  side,  roundingly 
angled.  Oncometopia. 

*  Adapted  from  key  by  Prof.  E.  D.  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Ac-ad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  38,  1901. 


78  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

AA.  Ledge  above  antennal  sockets  small,  not  projecting  beyond  curve  of 
head.  Anterior  tibiae  slender,  round  or  triangular.  Elytra  broad, 
covering  abdominal  terga. 

B.    Elytra  not  reticulately  veined  at  apex,  head  not  greatly  pro- 
duced. 
C.    Margin  of  vertex  roundingly  obtuse,  front  inflated. 

D.  Antennae  of  male  not  enlarged  at  the  apex,  pro- 
notum not  twice  as  long  as  scutellum,  posterior 
margin  slightly  emarginate. 

E.    Lateral  margins  of  vertex  not  distinctly  in 
line  with  the  outer  margins  of  the  eyes. 
Cicadella. 
EE.    Lateral  margins  of  vertex  in  line  with  the 

outer  margins  of  the  eyes.  Kolla. 

DD.  Antennae  of  male  enlarged  at  apex,  pronotum  more 
than  twice  as  long  as  scutellum,  posterior  margin 
deeply  emarginate.  Helochara. 

CC.    Vertex  flat,  margin  distinct,  acutely  angled  with  front. 

Graphocephala. 

BB.    Elytra  reticulately  veined  on  apical  third.     Head  often  pro- 
duced into  a  triangle,  longer  than  pronotum. 

Dreeculacephala. 

Genus  AULACIZES  A.  &  S. 

In  this  genus  the  antennal  sockets  are  overhung  by  a  dis- 
tinct ledge  which  projects  beyond  the  line  of  the  head.  The 
rather  long  vertex  is  bluntly  rounded.  The  pronotum  is  six- 
sided,  widest  at  the  lateral  angles,  and  with  posterior  margin 
slightly  emarginate.  The  anterior  tibiae  are  sulcate  above. 
The  elytra  are  long  and  narrow,  not  covering  the  terga  of 
the  abdomen. 

A  single  specimen  of  this  genus  occurs  in  Kansas. 

Aulacizes  irrorata  (Fabr.). 

(PI.  6,  figs.  1-3.) 

Cicada  irrorata  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  iv,  p.  33,  1794. 
Cicada  nigripennis  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  iv,  p.  3">,  1794. 
Tettigonia  irrorata  Burm.,  Handb.  d.  Ent.,  ii,  p.  119,  1835. 
Proconia  nigripennis  Walk.,  List.  Homop.,  iii,  p.  783,  1851. 
Aulacizes  rufiventris  Walk.,  List.  Homop.,  iii,  p.  796,  1851. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Walk.,  List.  Homop.,  Suppl.,  p.  236,  1858. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Stal,  Hemip.  Fabr.,  ii,  p.  64,  1869. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  1,  p.  357,  1876. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Woodw.,  Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,   iii,  p.   19,  pi.  2,  figs.   15-18, 
1887. 

Aulacizes  irrorata  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  40,  1901. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  509,  1905. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  17,  1916. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  594,  1917. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  2,  1918. 
Aulacizes  irrorata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  SU.,  Bui.  199,  p.  27,  1919. 

Form:  A  large,  long  species.  Length,  11.5  to  12.5  mm.  Head  a  little 
wider  than  pronotum,  slightly  longer  than  broad.  Vertex  very  obtusely 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  79 

angulate,  its  surface  irregular  and  with  a  prominent  median  furrow  which 
widens  greatly  anteriorly.  Pronotum  6-sided,  surface  irregular,  posterior 
margin  slightly  concave.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  not  completely  cover- 
ing terga  of  abdomen. 

Color:  Varying  from  light  to  dark  reddish-brown,  irrorate  with  yel- 
low. Scutellum  with  an  extra  large  yellow  spot  before  apex;  vertex  and 
pronotum  with  more  yellow  than  elytra  except  for  yellow  costal  band  on 
the  latter.  Front  irregularly  black  below,  pale  above,  with  four  black 
spots  in  a  square  above. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  a  little  over  twice  as 
long  as  broad,  lateral  margins  much  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior 
margins  produced  with  rather  straight  sides  to  a  distinct  but  shallow 
median  notch;  pygofers  narrow  basally  and  still  more  distally,  but  wide 
at  middle,  equal  to  or  exceeded  by  tip  of  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  very 
small,  often  barely  seen  from  under  tip  of  last  ventral  segment;  plates 
together  forming  a  triangle  a  little  broader  than  long,  clothed  with  fine 
hairs;  pygofers  broad  and  short,  about  equalling  the  plates. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  broad  and  slightly  chitinized  at  base, 
tapering  rather  suddenly  a  little  past  their  middle  to  heavily  chitinized 
neck-like  processes  which  widen  distally  into  the  shape  of  a  bird's  head, 
the  attachment  to  the  plates  being  a  large  conspicuous  lobe  at  the  base 
of  the  neck;  connective  long  and  slender,  U-shaped,  with  arms  sinuate 
at  base  and  then  reaching  to  cedagus  as  a  long  strap,  with  median  longi- 
tudinal third  heavily  chitinized,  this  heavy  chitinous  band  broadening 
toward  the  tip;  oedagus  with  heavy  body  portion  and  three  pairs  of  pro- 
cesses, a  pair  of  blunt  dorsal  ones  and  two  pairs  of  caudal  processes,  one 
pair  short  and  lightly  chitinized  apically  and  situated  dorsad  of  a  longer 
and  heavily  chitinized  pair. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  and  Montgomery  counties. 
Occurs  further  north  too,  for  specimens  have  been  taken  near 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Hosts:  Collected  from  weeds  and  shrubs.  De  Long  reports 
taking  it  on  oak. 

Genus  HOMALODISCA  Stal. 

Antennal  ledge  as  in  Aidacizes,  head  with  prominent  eyes, 
wider  than  pronotum,  and  as  long  as  width  between  eyes. 
Front  and  vertex  forming  an  acute  angle.  Pronotum  four- 
angular,  short,  anterior  and  posterior  margins  nearly  parallel. 
Elytra  long  and  narrow,  hyaline,  claval  nervures  united  near 
the  middle.  Anterior  tibise  sulcate. 


80  THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

Homalodisca  triquetra  (Fabr.). 

(PI.  6,  figs.  4-6.) 

Cicada  triquetra  Fabr.,  Syst.  Rhyng.,  p.  63,  1803. 
Tettigonia  vitripennis  Germ.,  Mag.  d.  Ent.,  iv,  p.  61,  1821. 
Tettigonia  coagulata  Say,  Insects  of  La.,  p.  13,  1832. 

Tettigonia  ichthyocephala  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  Ser.  3,  iii,  p.  494,  1854. 
Tettigonia  triquetra  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  Ser.  3,  iii,  p.  240,  1855. 
Ciccus  triquetra  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  Suppl.,  p.  243,  1858. 
Proconia  admittens  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  Suppl.,  p.  227,  1858. 
Proconia  aurigena  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  Suppl.,  p.  228,  1858. 
Proconia  excludens  Walk.,  Ins.  Saund.,  Homop.,  p.  98,  1858. 
Homalodisca  triquetra  Stal,  Hemip.  Fabr.,  ii,  p.  64,  1869. 

Homalodisca  triquetra  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  221,  pi.  14,  fig.  1,  1899. 
Homalodisca  triquetra  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  47,  pi.  2,  fig.  1,  1901. 
Homalodisca  triquetra  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  19,  1916. 
Homalodisca  triquetra  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  594,  1917. 
Homalodisca  triquetra  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  2,  1918. 
Homalodisca  triquetra  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  30,  1919. 

Form:  A  long  narrow  species.  Length,  13  mm.  Vertex  as  long  as 
basal  width,  apex  bluntly  rounding,  with  longitudinal  median  depression. 
Pronotum  very  coarsely  pitted,  short,  anterior  and  posterior  margins 
about  parallel.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  hyaline,  venation  prominent. 

Color:  Brownish,  with  vertex,  prcnotum  and  scutellum  irrorate  with 
yellow.  Elytra  smoky,  especially  apically,  with  an  opaque  red  spot  of 
varying  size  on  costal  margin  of  the  apical  cells. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  large  and  long, 
slightly  narrowing  to  acute  lateral  angles  between  which  the  posterior 
margin  is  broadly  incised  to  fully  one-third  its  depth  by  a  triangular, 
obtusely  pointed  and  sinuately  margined  incision;  pygofers  broadest  at 
their  middle,  and  slightly  exceeded  by  tip  of  ovipositor.  Male,  plates  to- 
gether forming  a  triangle  wider  than  long,  tips  very  acute;  pygofers 
short  but  very  broad,  narrowed  at  base,  slightly  widening  posteriorly, 
and  covered  with  long  fine  hairs,  with  a  short  blunt  chitinous  process  im- 
bedded in  side  of  each. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  very  small  for  such  a  large  form, 
broadest  at  base  and  tapering  sinuately  to  blunt  apex,  apical  half  much 
roughened  with  fine  teeth;  connective  very  short,  consisting  of  a  trans- 
verse band  widest  at  the  middle,  especially  posteriorly;  cedagus  very 
large  and  peculiar,  body  with  a  long  anteriorly  and  vertically  directed 
process  to  meet  the  connective  which  extends  ventrad  from  the  styles, 
with  a  stout  dorsal  process  and  two  pairs  of  terminal  processes,  an  outer 
short  and  blunt  process  and  an  inner  large,  sharply  pointed  process. 

Distribution:  A  southern  species  not  yet  reported  from  Kan- 
sas.   It  may  occur  in  the  southern  portions  of  the  state. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLIDjE.  81 

Genus  ONCOMETOPIA  Stal. 

The  members  of  this  genus  have  a  distinct  ledge  over  the 
antennal  socket.  The  eyes  are  prominent,  making  the  head 
wider  than  the  pronotum.  Vertex  is  rounded  and  obtusely 
joined  to  the  front.  Pronotum  is  short,  four-angular,  the  an- 
terior and  posterior  margins  nearly  parallel,  lateral  margins 
slightly  narrowed  behind.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  not  cover- 
ing abdominal  terga.  Anterior  tibiae  are  slightly  sulcate  above. 

Two  species  and  one  variety  of  this  genus  have  been  found 
in  the  state. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES 

A.    Size  large,  12  mm.  or  more,  cross  nervure  cephalad  of  fork  of  first 

sector.  undata. 

AA.    Size  smaller,  9  mm.  or  less,  cross  nervure  caudad  of  fork  of  first 

sector.  lateralis. 

Oncometopia  undata  ( Fabr. ) . 

(PI.  7,  figs.  1-3.) 

Cicada  undata  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  iv,  p.  32,  1794. 
Cicada     rbona  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  Suppl.,  p.  530,   1798. 
Tettig  n  a  undata  Germ.,  Mag.  d.  Ent.,  iv,  p.  61,  1821. 
Proco  i     undata  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  783,  1851. 
Proco   i     nigricann  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  783,  1851. 
Proco  i     clarior  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  784,  1851. 
Proco   i     lucernea  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  785,  1851.. 
Proco   i     marginata  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  785,  1851. 
Proco  10  badia  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  786,  1851. 
Proco   ia  xcutellata  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  786,  1851. 
Proco   ia  tenebrona  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  787,  1851. 
Proco  ia  plagiala  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  788,  1851. 

Tettigonia  undata  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  FT.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  486,  pi.  17,  fig.  5,  1854. 
Oncometopia  undaia  Stal,  Hemip.  Fabr.,  ii,  p.  62,  1869. 

Oncometopia  vndata  Woodw.,  Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  Hi,  p.  15,  pi.  2,  figs.  10-14, 
1887. 


Gyponaf  badia  Va 
Oncometopia  undo 


1899. 


Oncometopia  undt 


D.,  Ent.  News,  v,  p.  157,  1894. 
a  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,   ii,  p.  231,  pi.   14.  figs.   19,   20, 

a  Ball,  Proc.,  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  41,  1901. 


Oncometopia  unda 
Oncometopia  unda 


a  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  509,  1905. 

a  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  18,  1916. 

a  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  591,  1917. 
Oncometoiria  undata  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  2,  1918. 
Oncometopia  undata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  28,  1919. 


Form:  A  large,  almost  parallel-sided  form.  Length,  13  mm.  Head 
broad,  with  prominent  eyes.  Vertex  with  sides  very  broadly  rounded, 
very  obtuse  at  apex,  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  basal  width.  Pro- 
notum half  wider  than  long,  elevated.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  claval 
veins  slightly  approaching  each  other  and  usually  with  a  cross  nervure. 

Color:  Vertex,  anterior  margin  of  pronotum  and  scutellum  rusty 
orange.  Vertex  with  an  incomplete  black  circle  from  which  run  out  six 
or  eight  radiating  lines.  Scutellum  also  marked  with  dark  lines.  Pro- 

6— Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


82 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


notum,  except  anterior  margin,  and  elytra  varying  much  in  color  from 
slaty  blue  tt>  brown  and  bright  red.  Elytra  sometimes  bear  a  large 
pruinose  spot  just  back  of  the  middle.  Front  orange  with  black  median 
and  lateral  lines. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  pre- 
ceding, slightly  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  composed  of  three 
lobes,  the  lateral  ones  distinctly  longer  than  the  median;  pygofers  broad 
and  short,  sparsely  covered  with  short,  stout  hairs  and  about  equalled 
by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  plates  small,  forming  a  triangle  about  as  long- 
as  wide,  half  the  width  of  the  last  ventral  segment;  pygofers  tapering 
posteriorly  from  the  broad  base,  nearly  twice  the  length  of  the  plates; 
pygofers  bearing  an  upturned  chitinous  process  on  caudal  margin. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  small  for  such  a  large  species,  pointed 
at  anterior  end,  with  a  very  large  process  for  attachment  to  connective, 
slightly  narrowed  medially  and  then  widened  and  narrowing  to  slightly 
out-turned  and  pointed  tip,  bearing  several  stout  hairs  on  distal  third 
of  lateral  margin;  connective  U-shaped  with  the  loop  very  wide;  oedagus 
large,  prolonged  anteriorly  to  meet  connective,  and  with  a  very  large  an- 
terior process  extending  dorsad,  main  portion  dividing  at  apex  into 
large  rounded  anterior  process,  a  median  smaller  triangular  one,  and  a 
posterior,  acutely  pointed  still  smaller  one,  a  posterior  process,  also  ex- 
tending dorsad,  long  and  narrow;  long,  crooked,  slender  chitinous  bars 
extend  down  from  base  of  anal  tube  to  cephalo-dorsal  portion  of  oedagus. 

Distribution:  Found  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


CHErtlM 

E   RAWLINS 

DECATU 

NORTCW 

PHILL 

sniTM 

JEWELL 

REPUP 

WASH 

MARS 

H    NEH. 

^te 

) 

SHtRHA 

N   THOMAS 

SHCRI 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OS8. 

flTCH 

CLOUD 

Ib/              1  idr^    ATCHI"\ 

DICK  V—  A 
MORR  S 

WAB. 
X 

—  j 

SHAYfL- 



OSACE 

ErFLEA\ 

h 

JOHN 

WALLAC 

LOGAN 

COVE 

TRCGO 

ELLIS 

RU55 

UNC 

ELL5« 

SAUNE 

GREXV 

men 

SCOTT 

LANE 

NESS 

RUSH 

BARTON 
T  

RICE. 

H'PHER 

rtMHflN 

CHAS 

LYON 

r.ofFfr 

FRANK 

AND:* 

niAni 

LIMN 

HAM 

<CAR. 

n» 

e\r 

• 

G/?Ar 

HODGE 
FORO 

—  1  
EDW.    I 

JSTAF 

RCNO 

HARVEY 

BUTLER  C 

RECN; 

WOOD. 

ALLEN 

BOUR. 

STAN. 

man 

HA5K. 

KICWA 

PRATT 

KING. 

SEDGE 

CLK 

WILSON 

NE05. 

CRA« 

nORT   S 

TEV. 

SEW 

MEAD 

CLW 

COHAN. 

BARBCf 

HARR 

SUHNER 

COW     t 

.ftr 

HONT 

LAB. 

4,. 

Hosts:  Taken  sweeping  among  weeds.    De  Long  took  speci- 
mens from  ironweed. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHXE.  83 

Oncometopia  later alis  (Fabr.). 

(PI.   8.   tiscs.    !-•_>.) 

Cercopix  lateiuli*  Fabr.,   Kut.  Syst.,  Suppl.,  p.  o'J4.   1798. 
Cereopi.1  marginetla  Fabr.,   Syst.  Rhyng.,  p.  96,   1803. 

CrrfipiM  costalis  Fabr.,  Syst.  Rhyng.,  errata,  1803   (n.  n.  for  marginella  Fabr). 
Tetti'jonia  striata  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  775,  1851. 
Tcltiyonia  Ivgenis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  775,  1851. 
Tcttif/nnla  purrltotrhw  Walk.,  List  Homop.,   iii,  p.   775,   1851. 
Proconia  cost  alis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  Suppl.,  p.  224,  1858. 
Proconia  coxtalis  Stal,  Homop.  Fabr.,  ii,  p.  118,  1869. 
Proconia  costalis  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxi,  p.  9,  1889. 
Proconia  costalis  Osb.,  Proc.,  la.  Aead.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  125,   1892. 
Oncometopia  coot  alis  Sloss.,  Ent.  News,  v,  p.  5,  1894. 
Oncometopia  coslalis  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  81,  1895. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  Ball.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  44,  1901. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  509,   1905. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  99,   1915. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  18,  1916. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.,  N.  A.,  p.  592,  1917. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  2,  1918. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  29,   1919. 

Form:  Shorter  than  preceding  species,  but  quite  broad.  Length,  7  to 
8  mm.  Head,  about  half  as  long  as  wide,  vertex  obtusely  angled,  eyes 
prominent.  Pronotum  short,  anterior  and  posterior  margins  about  par- 
allel. Elytra  broad  and  only  slightly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  black,  irrorate  v/ith  yellow. 
Elytra  red  to  slaty  blue,  nervures  black,  frequently  with  light  or  yellow 
margins.  Face  black  irrorate  with  yellow.  Narrow  yellow  lateral  stripe 
starts  from  eye,  crosses  thorax,  and  extends  along  margin  of  abdomen 
to  pygofers. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  twice  as  long 
as  preceding,  lateral  margins  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  with 
broad  incision  on  median  third  which  reaches  about  one-fourth  of  way  to 
base ;  pygofers  large,  widest  at  middle,  exceeding  ovipositor.  Male,  plates 
together  forming  a  triangle  longer  than  wide;  pygofers  long  and  nar- 
row, exceeding  plates,  covered  with  fine  hairs  as  are  the  plates. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  much  as  in  undata,  proportionally 
broader,  outer  margin  nearly  straight,  inner  margin  with  broad  lobe  half 
way  between  apex  and  process  for  attachment  to  cedagus,  apex  with 
slight  inwardly  directed  point,  lateral  margins  of  apical  third  serrate,  a 
few  slender  hairs  near  lateral  margin  about  one-third  the  distance  from 
the  tip;  connective  consisting  of  a  broad  strap-like  piece  between  the 
styles  with  the  ventral  surface  bearing  a  large  square  portion  medially; 
cedagus  large,  produced  anteriorly  to  meet  connective,  with  a  large  dorsal 
process  running  first  caudad  and  then  cephalad,  and  two  pairs  of  long 
slender  terminal  lobes  running  dorsad,  the  first  pair  broader  and  longer 
than  the  posterior  pair. 

Distribution:  This  species  occurs  throughout  the  state  as 
shown  by  the  following  map. 


84 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Hosts:  Osborn  reports  this  species  as  occurring  in  bogs  and 
low  ground ;  De  Long  records  it  from  grasses  and  weeds. 

Oncometopia  lateralis  var.  limbata  (Say). 

Tettigonia  limbata  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  340,  1825. 
Tetligonia  costalis  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  iii,  p.  821,  1855. 
Tettigonia  septentrionalis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  Suppl.,  p.  193,  1858. 
Oncometopia  limbata  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  389,  1890. 

Oncometopia  lateralis  var.  limbata  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  45,  1901. 
Oncometopia  lateralis  var.  limbata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  593,  1917. 

Form:  Somewhat  smaller  and  narrower  than  preceding  form,  elytra 
longer. 

Color:  Black,  vertex  and  face  somewhat  irrorate  with  yellow.  Two 
small  orange  spots  about  one-third  distance  from  anterior  margin  and  in 
line  with  ocelli.  Lateral  yellow  line  broad  and  distinct. 

Distribution:    Rawlins  county  has  furnished  us  our  only 
specimen  of  this  variety. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 

Genus  CICADELLA  Latr. 

In  this  genus  the  ledges  over  the  antennal  sockets  are  not 
prominent.  The  vertex  is  bluntly  conical,  and  slightly  sloping, 
with  the  lateral  margins  not  in  a  distinct  line  with  the  curve 
of  the  eye.  Pronotum  rather  long,  broadest  at  lateral  angles. 
The  elytra  cover  the  terga  of  the  abdomen  and  are  not  reticu- 
lately  veined  at  the  apex. 

Two  members  of  this  genus  and  two  varieties  have  been  col- 
lected in  Kansas,  but  two  other  species  likely  occur  and  are 
therefore  included  in  the  key. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLHXE.  85 

KEY  TO   SPECIES 

A.    Head  as  wide  as  pronotum,  vertex  wider  than  long,  face  in  profile 
strongly  curved. 
B.    Head  marked  with  distinct  lines  forming  a  pattern. 

C.    Head  pattern  complex,  no  parallel  lateral  lines;  length 

over  6  mm.  hieroglyphica. 

CC.    Head  pattern  simple,  with  median  and  lateral  parallel 

lines;  length  6  mm.  or  less.  gothica. 

BB.    Head  marked  with  definite  spots,  not  forming  a  distinct  pat- 
tern, atropunctata. 
AA.    Head  narrower  than  pronotum,  vertex  as  long  as  wide,  face  in  pro- 
file only  slightly  curved.  occatoria. 

Cicadella  hieroglyphica  (Say). 

(PI.  9,  figs.  1-3.) 
Tettigonia  hieroglyphica  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  313,  1831. 


Tettigon 
Tetiigon 


hieroglyphica  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  iii,  p.  805,  1855. 
hieroglyphica  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  81,  1895. 


Tettigon      hieroglyphica  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  51,  1901. 

Tettigon    lla  hieroglyphica  Van  D.,  Trans.  San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  52,  1914. 

Tettigon    lla  hieroglyphica  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  20,  1916. 

Cicadella  hieroglyphica  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  597,  1917. 

Cicadella  hieroglyphica  Ols.,   Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  3,   1918. 

Form:  Rather  stout.  Length,  6  to  7  mm.  Vertex  bluntly  conical, 
wider  than  long.  Pronotum  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long,  posterior  angles 
broadly  rounded,  posterior  margin  medially  emarginated.  Elytra  broad, 
but  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Varying  from  brick- red  to  greenish  and  slaty  blue.  Black 
markings  on  vertex  very  strong  and  distinct,  enclosing  a  light  colored  T 
on  basal  half.  Elytra  with  pale  bands  along  costal,  claval  and  sutural 
margins. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  wide  as 
long,  lateral  margins  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  triangu- 
larly produced;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  equalling  or  slightly  exceed- 
ing ovipositor,  bearing  a  few  stout  hairs.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  less 
than  twice  as  wide  as  long;  plates  long,  broad  at  base,  but  tapering  to 
long  acute  apices,  margins  fringed  with  short  hairs;  pygofers  long  and 
narrow,  equalling  or  exceeding  plates  and  bearing  stout  hairs. 

Male  internal  genitalia:  Styles  short,  distinctly  bent  in  at  point  of  at- 
tachment to  connective  by  a  large,  heavily  chitinized  lobe,  then  curving 
outward  and  tapering  gradually  to  blunt  apex,  with  an  outwardly  pro- 
jecting process;  connective  slender,  Y-shaped,  stem  of  Y  broadening  to 
broad  base ;  oedagus  with  pair  of  short  processes  extending  dorsad  from  its 
point  of  attachment  to  connective,  a  long  process  leaving  it  dorsally  from 
a  point  a  little  past  its  middle,  and  a  similar  longer  one  leaving  it  apically, 
the  latter  to  the  left  of  the  former.  These  two  processes  are  narrow  and 
long,  narrowest  at  the  base,  and  widening  to  a  point  shortly  before  the 
apex  where  they  are  the  widest,  the  right  one  wider  than  the  left  one, 
and  then  tapering  to  the  acute  tips.  A  pair  of  somewhat  narrow  tri- 
angular chitinous  processes  extend  from  the  base  of  the  anal  tube  to  the 
main  body  of  the  oedagus. 


86 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:   This  species  is  well  distributed  over  the  state 
as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Taken  abundantly  on  willows. 

Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var.  dolobrata  (Ball). 

Tettigonia  hieroglyphica  var.  dolobrata  Ball,  Proc.  la.,  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  52,  pi.  3, 
fig.  2,  1901. 

Tettigonia  hieroglyphica  var.  dolobrata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  20,  191-j. 
Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var.  dolobrata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  597,  1917. 
Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var.  dolobrala  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  3,  19 IS. 

This  is  a  smaller  form  than  the  preceding,  appearing  more  robust.  In 
color  it  is  typically  black,  retaining  a  few  of  the  light  markings  of  the 
typical  hieroglyphica  on  the  front,  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum,  and 
generally  having  the  claval  sutures  light. 

Genitalia  as  in  preceding  form. 

Distribution:   Occurs  along  with  the  typical  form. 
Hosts:  Willows. 

Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var.  uhleri   (Ball). 

Tettigonia  hieroglyphica  var.  uhleri  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  52,  pi.  3,  fig.  3. 
1901. 

Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var.  uhleri  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  597,  1917. 
Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var.  uhleri  Ols.,   Bui.  Am.  Mus.   Xat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.   3,   1918. 

This  variety  is  slightly  larger  than  typical  hieroglyphica,  being  more 
robust  and  with  longer  elytra.  It  varies  very  greatly  in  color,  running 
from  a  brick-red  through  several  shades  of  bluish  or  grayish  green,  and 
even  to  a  fairly  distinct  bright  green.  The  black  markings  of  the  vertex 
are  much  reduced  in  size,  appearing  only  as  narrow  lines.  Genitalia  as 
in  typical  hieroglyphica. 

Distribution:    Much  rarer  with  us  than  the  two  preceding 
forms.    Reported  from  Douglas,  Cherokee  and  Riley  counties. 
Hosts:   Willows. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  87 

Cicadella  gothica  (Sign.). 

Tettigonia  gothica  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  345,  pi.  11,  fig.  6,  1854. 

Tfttigonia  hieroglyphica  Harr.,  Hitchcock's  Geol.  Mass.,  edn.  2,  p.  580,  1835. 

Tftlii/onia  sinrili*  Woodw.,   Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  iii.  p.  25,   1887. 

Diedrocephala  hieroglyphica  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  267,  1889. 

Tettigonia  hierogbjjihica  Harr.,  Ottawa  Nat.,  vi,  p.  32,  1892. 

Tettigonia  similin  Van  D.,  Ent.  News,  v,  p.  156,  1894. 

Tettigonia  similis  Van  D.,  Ent.  News,  v,  p.  156,  1894. 

Tettigonia  similis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  Jv,  p.  231,   1897. 

Tettigonia  gothica  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  54,  1901. 

Tettigonia  gothica  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  510,  1905. 

Tettigonia  gothica  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xli,  p.  383,  1909. 

Tettigonia  gothica  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  100,  1915. 

Tettigonia  gothica  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  21,  1916. 

Cicadella  gothica  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  597,  1917. 

Cicadella  gothica  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  3,  1918. 

Form:  Much  like  hieroglyphica  but  smaller.  Length,  5.5  to  6  mm. 
Vertex  more  pointed  than  in  preceding  species,  wider  than  long.  Ner- 
vures  of  elytra  distinct. 

Color:  Varies  from  light  reddish  to  grayish-green.  Vertex  reddish 
or  greenish-yellow,  apex  with  black  spot,  margins  of  reflexed  portions,  a 
line  from  these  to  ocelli,  and  a  pair  of  loops  on  the  disc,  black.  Scutel- 
lum  with  distinct  black  marks.  Elytra  grayish-green  or  reddish,  unicolor- 
ous,  or  irrorate  with  yellow. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  long,  raised 
medially,  lateral  margins  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  triangu- 
larly produced;  pygofers  long,  bearing  a  few  heavy  hairs  and  equalled  or 
slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  about 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  anterior  and  posterior  margins  parallel;  plates 
very  lono:  and  slender,  margins  with  fine  hairs  and  also  with  a  row  of 
stout  hairs  or  bristles,  slightly  exceeding  the  spiny  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  only  in  Douglas,  Riley  and  Pottawa- 
tomie  counties. 

Hosts:  Osborn  reports  taking  this  species  from  grass  land 
and  on  birch  and  willow.  De  Long  records  taking  it  from  oak. 

Cicadella  atropunctata  (Sign.). 

(PI.  9,  figs.  4-5.) 

Tettlf/aiiiii  nfi-o/.',:,i<'tata  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  p.  354,  1854. 
Tettigonia  circellala  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  285,  1898. 

Teltigoiiia  atropunctata  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  266,  pi.  17,  fig.  27,  1900. 
Tettigonia  atropunctata  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Aoad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  55,  pi.  4,  fig.  2,  1901. 
Tettit/onia  circeilata  Van  D.,  Trans.  San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  53,  1914. 
Tettigonia  circeilata  Essig,  Inj.  Benef.  Ins.  Calif.,  edn.  2,  p.  66,  1915. 
Cicadella  circellala  Van  D.?  Cat.  Hemip.   N.  A.,  p.  598,   1917. 
Cicadella  circeilata^  Ols.,   Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,   p.  3,   1918. 

Form:  Longer  and  more  slender  than  gothica.  Length,  6  to  7  mm. 
Vertex  bluntly  rounded,  about  three-fourths  as  long  as  broad,  two-thirds 
the  length  of  the  pronotum.  Elytra  long  and  narrowing  posteriorly,  giv- 
ing the  insect  a  wedge-shaped  appearance. 


THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Color:  Vertex,  front,  face,  anterior  margin  of  pronotum  and  under 
side,  yellowish;  posterior  part  of  pronotum  and  elytra  bluish  or  bluish- 
green.  Front  with  short  median  line,  two  broken  lateral  lines  and 
margin,  black.  Clypeus  black  medially  at  apex;  vertex  with  spot  at  apex, 
in  the  middle,  outside  of  each  ocellus,  and  a  crescent  on  each  side  an- 
teriorly, black.  Pronotum  with  seven  black  dots  near  anterior  margin 
and  three  on  basal  half.  Nervures  of  elytra  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  much  longer  than 
broad,  about  three  times  as  long  as  penultimate  segment,  keeled,  pos- 
terior margin  greatly  and  acutely  produced;  pygofers  very  long  and 
narrow,  exceeding  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than 
preceding  one,  anterior  and  posterior  margins  parallel,  as  are  the  lateral 
margins;  plates  very  long  and  slender,  acutely  pointed,  and  with  row 
of  stout  hairs  or  spines  along  margin,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  long  and 
narrow  pygofers. 

Internal  male  gemtalia:  Styles  small,  basal  portion  heavier,  posterior 
portion  slender,  curved,  terminating  acutely;  connective  slender,  Y-shaped, 
the  stem  of  the  Y  broadened  basally;  cedagus  with  broad,  rather  truncate 
base,  a  stout,  blunt  process  running  dorsad,  and  a  pair  of  larger,  broad- 
based,  and  acutely  pointed,  dorsally  directed,  terminal  processes. 

Distribution:  Has  not  yet  been  reported  from  Kansas,  but 
should  occur  in  southern  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  Essig  reports  this  species  as  a  general  feeder  on  such 
plants  as  grape,  blackberry,  raspberry,  sunflower,  etc. 

This  species  so  closely  fits  Signoret's  description  of  Tetti- 
gonia atropunctata,  that,  with  Dr.  E.  D.  Ball,  we  do  not  follow 
Van  Duzee's  synonomy. 

Cicadella  occatoria  (Say). 

Tettigonia  occatoria  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  vi,  p.  311,  1831;  Compl.  Writ,  ii, 
p.  385. 

Tettigonia  occatoria  Say,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  353,  pi.  18,  fig.  11,  1854. 

Tettigonia  compta  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Hornop.,  ii,  p.  271,  1900. 

Tettigonia  occatoria  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  279,  pi.  18,  fig.  29,  1900. 

Tettigonia  occatoria  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  57,  pi.  4,  fig.  4,  1901. 

Tettigoniella  occatoria  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  212,  1909. 

Tettigoniella  occatoria  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ix,  p.  462,  1909. 

Tettigoniella  occatoria  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  21,  1916. 

Cicadella  occatoria  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  598,  1917. 

Cicadella  occatoria  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  3,  1918. 

Cicadella  occatoria  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  31,  1919. 

This  species,  though  surely  in  Kansas,  has  seemingly  not  yet  been  taken. 
It  is  a  long  narrow  form,  about  6  mm.  in  length.  The  color  is  yellow, 
and  it  may  be  readily  recognized  by  the  longitudinal,  brown  stripes,  four 
on  the  vertex,  five  on  the  pronotum,  and  with  the  elytra  also  striped. 
Female,  last  ventral  segment  less  than  twice  as  long  as  preceding  one, 
posterior  margin  obtusely  rounding  or  truncate;  pygofers  long  and 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  89 

narrow,   equalling  ovipositor.      Male,   plates   broad   at  base;   very   acute 
apically;  pygofers  long,  narrow,  scarcely  tapering,  much  exceeding  plates. 

Hosts:  According  to  De  Long  this  species  was  taken  on 
weeds  and  shrubs. 

Genus  KOLLA  Dist. 

Distant  describes  this  genus  as  follows:  "Allied  to  Tetti- 
goniella,  but  differing  by  the  structure  of  vertex  of  the  head, 
which  is  subconically  narrowed  anteriorly,  with  the  lateral 
margins  in  a  line  with  the  outer  margins  of  the  eye ;  near  the 
inner  margin  of  the  eyes  the  vertex  is  also  more  or  less  f oveate ; 
face  with  the  lateral  areas  somewhat  strongly,  transversely 
striate,  and  centrally,  longitudinally  sinuate  and  flattened." 

Three  species  of  this  genus  have  been  collected  in  Kansas. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Conspicuously  marked  with  bands  and  stripes. 

B.    Elytra  striped;   over  5.5  mm.  in  length.  bifida. 

BB.    Elytra  not  striped;  5  mm  or  less  in  length.       geometrica. 
AA.    Not  marked  with  bands  and  stripes,  rather  uniformly  brownish  or 
black.  hartii. 

Kolla  bifida  (Say). 

(PI.  7,  figs.  4-5. •> 

Tett\gonia  bifida  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  313,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii. 
p.  387. 

Tettigonfa  bifida  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  55,  1851. 

Tettigonia  tenella  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  770,  1851. 

Tettigonia  bifida  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  11,  pi,  1,  fig.  11,  1854. 

Helochara  bifida  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  338,  1890. 

Tettigonia  bifida  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v.  p.  196,  1894. 

Tettigonia  bifida  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  175,  1897. 

Tettigonia  bifida  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  58,  pi.  5,  fig.  1,  1901. 

Tettigonia  bifida  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  509,  1905. 

Tettigonia  bifida  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  63,   1912. 

Tettigonia  bifida  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  99,  1915. 

Kolla  bifida  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  22,   1916. 

Kolla  bifida  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.,  N.  A.,  p.  598,  1917. 

Kolla  bifida  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  5,   1918. 

Cicadella  bifida  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  31,  1919. 

Form:  A  fairly  large,  robust  species.  Length,  5.5  to  6  mm.  Vertex 
about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  bluntly  conical.  Pronotum  slightly  wider 
than  head,  and  nearly  twice  as  long,  anterior  margin  broadly  convex, 
posterior  margin  very  slightly  concave,  lateral  and  humeral  margins  about 
equal.  Elytra  broad,  venation  very  simple,  there  being  no  cross  nervures 
before  the  apical  cells. 

Color:  Vertex  black  with  two  white  spots  at  apex  and  a  median  and 
basal  band  yellowish  or  white.  Face  very  dark  brown,  lighter  laterally. 
Pronotum  greenish  with  anterior  margin  black,  followed  by  a  yellow  band, 
posterior  margin  white  or  greenish-white,  preceded  by  a  black  band. 


90  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Scutellum  yellow  with  black  transverse  impression.  Elytra  green,  ner- 
vures  broadly  black,  apical  cells  smoky. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  convex,  lateral 
margins  tapering  posteriorly  and  posterior  margin  with  median  half 
roundingly  produced;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  forming  a  keel  medially, 
exceeding  ovipositor  and  clothed  with  very  coarse  large  hairs.  Male, 
plates  short,  wide  at  base,  apices  quite  acutely  produced,  less  than  half  the 
length  of  the  long  and  narrow  pygofers;  lateral  margins  of  plates  and  the 
pygofers  with  large,  coarse  hairs. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  short,  anterior  end  acutely  pointed, 
distal  half  broad,  apex  truncate  with  laterally  directed  tooth;  connective 
T-shaped  with  short  cross  piece  and  long  stem,  dorsally  directed,  to  meet 
oedagus,  the  two  parts  seeming  to  be  distinct  pieces;  oedagus  consisting  of 
two  L-shaped  pieces,  the  short  branches  directed  dorsad  and  th.e  long 
slender  ones  caudad  and  generally  crossing  each  other;  a  pair  of  L-shaped 
processes  with  thickened  terminal  portions  extend  down  from  the  anal 
tube  to  the  oadagus. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Douglas,  Cherokee,  Pottawatomie 
and  Riley  counties. 

Hosts:   Swept  from  grasses  in  low  places. 

Kolla geometrica  (Sign.). 

(PI.  8,  figs.  5-6.) 

Tettigonia  geometrica  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  12,  pi.  1,  fig.  12,   1895. 
Tettigonia  psittacella  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  290,  pi.  19,  fig.  26,  1900. 
Tettigonia  geometrica  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  59,  pl.*5,  fig.  2,  1901. 
KoUa  geometrica  Dist.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  8.  i:  p.  530,  1908. 
Tettigonia  yeometrica  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ix.  p.  461,  1909. 
Kolla  geometrica  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  23,   1916. 
KoUa  geometrica  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  599,  1917. 
Kolla  geometrica  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  5,  1918. 
KoUa  geometrica  Ols.,  Bui.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  xiii,  p.  119,  1918. 
Cicadella  geomttrica  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  32,  1919. 

Form.;  Like  bifida  in  structure  but  smaller.  Length,  4.5  to  5  mm. 
Vertex  about  twice  as  long  as  wide,  bluntly  rounded.  Pronotum  as  in 
bifida,  wider  than  the  head.  Elytra  long,  not  as  broad  as  in  bifida,  vena- 
tion simple,  lacking  cross  veins  before  apical  cells. 

Color:  Vertex  black,  with  two  yellow  apical  spots  and  median  and 
basal  yellow  bands.  Face  black.  Pronotum  and  scutellum  as  in  bifida 
but  with  narrower  bands  and  therefore  a  larger  green  discal  portion. 
Elytra  green,  except  for  smoky  apical  cells,  with  three  spots  in  front  of 
these  and  costal  margin  light. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  in  bifida, 
perhaps  not  produced  quite  as  much  on  posterior  margin.  Male,  plates 
as  in  bifida  though  perhaps  more  acutely  pointed. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  relatively  shorter  and  broader  than 
in  bifida;  oadagus  with  upright  arms  of  the  L  relatively  longer  than  in 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  91 

bifida;  lower  portion  of  chitinous  processes  extending  down  from  anal 
tube  also  relatively  heavier  than  in  bifida. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  county  only. 

Hosts:  De  Long  reports  sweeping  this  species  from  weeds 
and  grasses  in  pastures,  and  especially  from  the  ironweed, 
Vernonia  glauca. 

Kolla  hartii  (Ball). 

(PI.  7,  figs.  6-7.) 

Tettiyonia  hartii  Ball,  Proe.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  61,  pi.  5,  fig.  4,   1901. 
Tetiigonia  hartii  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  20,  1916. 
Kolla  hartii  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  599,   1917. 
Kolla  hartii  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat,  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  5,  1918. 

Form:  Shorter  and  stouter  than  preceding  species.  Length,  3.75  to 
5  mm.  Vertex  conical,  obtusely  rounding,  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Prono- 
tum  twice  as  long  as  vertex,  about  three-fifths  as  long  as  wide.  Elytra 
broad,  venation  simple,  as  in  bifida. 

Color:  Female,  brownish.  Vertex  with  pair  of  black  spots  on  pos- 
terior margin  and  brown  arcs  that  cover  front  on  either  side  of  a  light 
median  line  extending  up  on  to  apex  of  vertex.  Pronotum  with  irregular 
dark  spots  near  anterior  margin.  Scutellum  with  dark  triangular  spots 
in  basal  angles.  Elytra  with  nervures  pale,  claval  margins  lined  with 
light  blue.  Male,  shining  black,  with  space  around  ocelli  and  apex  of 
scutellum  pale.  Spot  on  apex  of  vertex  white,  front  pale  with  dark  arcs 
on  either  side  of  median  pale  line  which  has  black  borders  that  often 
enlarge  to  eliminate  the  pale  line. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  three-fifths 
as  long  as  wide,  posterior  margin  truncate,  very  slightly  sinuate  on 
either  side  of  a  very  small  median  tooth;  pygofers  broad  and  long,  form- 
ing median  keel,  exceeding  ovipositor  and  bearing  few  large  coarse  hairs. 
Male,  plates  wide  at  base  but  tapering  to  long  acute  point  posteriorly, 
with  coarse  hairs  on  lateral  margins,  much  exceeded  by  the  long,  coarsely 
haired  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  longer  than  in  preceding  members  of 
the  genus,  apices  curved  inward;  connective  as  in  preceding  species; 
oedagus  U-shaped  when  viewed  laterally,  having  two  short  processes  ex- 
tending more  or  less  dorsad  and  a  single  process,  twice  as  long,  extend- 
ing caudad,  the  base  of  the  U  being  formed  by  this  process;  a  very 
characteristic  club-shaped  process  extends  downward  from  the  base  of 
the  anal  tube. 


92 


THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 


Distribution:  This  species  seemingly  occurs  only  in  the 
southeastern  portion  of  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following 
map: 


Hosts:  De  Long  reports  this  species  as  common  on  grasses, 
especially  Aristida  gracilis. 

Genus  HELOCHARA  Fh. 

In  this  genus  the  head  is  slightly  wider  than  the  prothorax 
and  considerably  broader  than  long,  slightly  obtusely  angled, 
and  with  the  reflexed  portion  of  the  front  distinctly  elevated. 
The  pronotum  is  long,  being  twice  as  long  as  the  scutellum,  and 
with  such  distinct  lateral  and  humeral  margins  as  to  appear 
six-angular.  Scutellum  small,  partially  covered  by  pronotum. 
Elytra  coriaceous,  except  for  apical  cells,  veins  distinct.  An- 
tennae of  males  plate-like  on  apical  third. 

The  single  species  of  this  genus  occurring  in  the  United 
States  is  found  in  Kansas. 


Helochara 
Tettigonia 
Teltigonia 
Helochara 
Helochara 
Helochara 
Helochara 
Helochara 
Helochara 
Heliichara 
llrlochara 


Helochara  communis  Fh. 

(PI.  10,  figs.  3-4.) 

communis  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  56,  1851. 
herbida  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  769,  1851. 
communis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1156,  1852. 

communis  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Pr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  730,  pi.  21,  fig.  17,  1854. 
communis  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  125,  1892. 
communia  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  82,  1895. 

communis  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  62,  pi.  6,  fig.  1,   1901. 
communis  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.   108,  p.  60,   1912. 
communis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  103,  1915. 
communis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  24,  1916. 
communi*  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  600,   1917. 
"8161   '9  "(I  'UIAXXX  '-}SIH  '»«N  'snK  -iny  'jne  ''SIQ  nitinwiitoy 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  93 

Form:  Rather  small,  robust  species.  Length,  4  to  7  mm.  Vertex 
broader  than  long,  slightly  and  obtusely  pointed  and  with  the  elevated 
portions  of  front  strongly  elevated.  Pronotum  large  and  long,  anterior 
margin  broadly  rounded,  posterior  margin  distinctly  emarginate.  Scutel- 
lum  short,  overlapped  by  pronotum.  Elytra  coriaceous  except  at  apex. 
Whole  dorsal  surface  distinctly  punctate. 

Color:  A  green  form.  Head  and  anterior  region  of  pronotum  more 
yellowish.  Front,  including  reflexed  portion,  with  lateral  brown  arcs. 
In  male,  face  black  because  of  broadening  and  fusing  of  the  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  two-thirds  as 
long  as  broad,  lateral  margins  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  in- 
cised on  either  side  of  the  medially  produced  lobe;  pygofers  long  and 
narrow,  slightly  exceeding  ovipositor  and  bearing  a  few,  coarse,  short 
hairs  on  either  side  of  the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  short  and  broadly 
triangular;  plates  broad  at  base  but  tapering  and  prolonged  acutely,  ex- 
ceeding the  short  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  basal  half  gradually  tapering,  a 
large  process  on  mesal  margin  for  attachment  to  connective  and  poste- 
riorly a  large  lateral  bulge,  the  distal  portion  curved  slightly  outwardly, 
toothed  on  mesal  margin  and  terminating  rather  truncately  with  a  dis- 
tinct outward  point;  connective  T-shaped,  the  cross  piece  heavier  than 
the  standard;  oedagus  consisting  of  a  pair  of  heavy  dorsally  directed 
processes  and  a  pair  of  narrower,  larger,  sinuate  and  acutely  pointed 
terminal  processes. 

Distribution:  This  species  probably  occurs  throughout  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  state,  but  hitherto  has  been  reported 
only  from  Cherokee  county. 

Hosts:  Found  only  on  swamp  grasses. 

Genus  GRAPHOCEPHALA  Van  D. 

In  this  genus  the  head  is  narrower  than  the  pronotum,  the 
vertex  is  flat,  obtusely  rounding  and  with  a  distinct  margin. 
The  front  is  not  inflated.  The  pronotum  is  narrowed  anteriorly 
and  with  the  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  The 
elytra  are  long  and  coriaceous,  venation  obscured,  and  with 
rather  long  apical  cells. 

Two  of  the  three  United  States'  species  have  been  taken  in 
Kansas. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Large,  9  mm.  or  over,  vertex  unmarked.  coccinea. 

AA.    Smaller,  6  mm.  or  under,  vertex  marked  with  black  lines. 

versuta. 


94  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Graphocephala  coccinea  (Forst.). 

(PI.  8.  figs.  3-4.) 

Cicada  ,-<>,-<-ii«'<i  Forst.,  Nov.  Spec.  Ins.,  p.  69,  1711. 

Tettigonia  i^Hinlirittata  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  312,  1831;  Compl.  Writ, 
ii,  p.  386. 

Tettigniiiii  eoetlnta  Harr.,  in  Hitchcock,  Geol.  Mass.,  edn.  2,  p.  580,  1835. 

rroc.onia  quadririttala  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  55,   1851. 

Tettiyonia  picta  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  758,  1851. 

Tettigonin  <,,,<i,lri>-ittata  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr..  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  348,  pi.  11,  fig.  11,  1851. 

Aulacizrit  qiiadrii-illata  Fh.,  Trans.  N.  Y.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xvi,  p.  450,  1856. 

Died r<H','/>>iiil<i  <-<><;-inea  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  i,  p.  357,  1876. 

l>i,,l,;;;'i>ln,.,i  >,,i,,,ln\  ittata  Glov.,  U.   S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Kept,  for  1876,  p.  33. 

Diedroeephala  coccinea  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxi,  p.  9,  1889. 

Diedroeephala  coccinea  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  22,  p.  28,  1890. 


l)iedroc<'i>Iinla 
Diedroeephala 
Tettigonia  gut 
Tettigonia  ido 
Diedroeephala 
l>,t'dn>cephala 
Diedroeephala 
Diedroeephala 
Diedroeephala 


nea  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  125,  1892. 
oecinea  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,   p.   177,  1897. 
•irittata  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,   ii,  p.   276,   1900. 
a  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  276,  1900. 
oecinea  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  510,   1905. 
oecinea  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  60,  1912. 
oecinea  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  101,  1915. 
oceiitea  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  25,  1916. 
occi'nea  Gibs.,  Can.  Ent.,  xlviii,  p.  178,  1916. 


Graphocephala  coccinea  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  601,  1917. 
Gi-dphocephala  coccinea  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  5,   1918. 
Graphocephala  coccinea  Ols.,  Bui.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  xiii,  p.  120,  1918. 
Uraphocfi>hala  coccinea  Lathr.,   S.   C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.   199,   p.  32,   1919. 

Form:  A  large,  cylindric,  elongated  form.  Length,  8  to  9  mm.  Vertex, 
wider  than  long,  two-thirds  length  of  pronotum,  roundingly  acutely 
angled.  Pronotum  narrowed  anteriorly  with  lateral  and  humeral  angles 
about  equal,  posterior  margin  distinctly  emarginate.  Elytra  long  and 
narrow. 

Color:  Face  yellow,  separated  from  orange-yellow  vertex  by  broad 
black  line  on  margin.  Vertex  with  two,  small,  black  marginal  lines  be- 
fore the  ocelli,  and  frequently  the  posterior  half  reddish  or  green  medially. 
Pronotum  red  with  narrow  light  green  band  on  anterior  margin,  and  a 
posterior  large  dark  green  W,  with  outer  arms  turned  mesad.  Elytra 
red  with  costal,  claval  and  sutural  margins  and  median  stripe  on  corium, 
green,  the  apex  and  appendix  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  slightly  longer  than 
wide,  lateral  margins  slightly  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margins 
broadly  rounded  and  medially  produced;  pygofers  long  and  narrow, 
equalling  ovipositor  and  bearing  a  few  coarse  hairs  on  either  side  of 
median  line.  Male,  plates  long,  broad  at  base  but  apically  greatly  pro- 
duced and  concavely  tapering  to  long  acute  tip,  lateral  margins  bearing 
stiff  hairs;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  greatly  exceeding  plates  and 
covered  with  numerous  coarse  hairs. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  tapering  at  anterior  end,  curved  out- 
ward medially  and  ending  in  distinctly  out-turned  apices;  connective  slen- 
der, Y-shaped;  cedagus  with  triangular  body  when  viewed  laterally,  a 
long,  slender  process  leaving  it  from  near  distal  end,  and  a  still  longer, 
heavier  one  extending  dorsad  from  the  distal  apex;  a  V-shaped  chitinous 
bar  at  base  of  anal  tube. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E. 


95 


Distribution:  Reports  and  specimens  at  hand  seem  to  show 
this  species  as  occurring  only  in  eastern  Kansas.  It  undoubt- 
edly occurs  further  west  in  the  state  than  is  shown  by  the 
following  map : 


CHEfCM 

E  RAWLINS 

DECATu 

NORTOti 

PHILL 

SMITH 

JEWELL 

RtPUp 

WASH 

MARSH 

NEH.  BRO>Y 

^-N*^, 

"DON. 

) 

\ 
\ 

SHERHA 

N   THOMAS 

SHE!? 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OSB. 

MITCH 

CLOUD 

DICK}] 

r- 
PMRION 

(POTT* 

JA  K.    £*> 

WALLAC! 

LOGAN 

»* 

TREGO 

ELLIS 

RUSS 

UNO 

OTTAWA 

^J 

EARTfyy 

—  \ 

ORRIS 
CHASE 

AB 

SHAH**- 

3r 

JOHN 

ELL5W 
RICE 

SAUNE 
H'PHER 

GREW 

wot 

SCOTT 

LANE 

NCS5, 

RUSH 

BARTOH 

trow 

:CN. 

FRANK 

rimni 

A 

HAM       t 

CAR. 

HNNEY 
I            - 

•10DGE. 
FORO 

PAWNEE 
EOW. 

JSMF 

PPATT 

RCNO 
KING.     P 

HARVEY 
EDGE. 

BUT 

XX 

&R 

COffEI 
WOOD. 

BOUR 
CRAW. 

STAN. 

MM 

HASKJ 

KICM* 

WILSON 

NCOS. 

ELK. 

HORT  8 

TEV. 

SEW: 

MEAO 

0« 

COHAN. 

BARKER 

HARR    SunNER, 

cow.  • 

• 

noNt 

LAB 

c«» 

Hosts:  Seemingly  we  have  here  a  very  general  feeder.  It 
has  been  taken  from  numerous  weeds,  shrubs  and  trees.  The 
writer  this  season  found  the  nymphs,  of  the  last  instar  in  large 
numbers  on  Ambrosia  trifida  during  the  last  week  in  July  and 
the  first  week  in  August.  By  the  last  week  in  August  the 
nymphs  had  all  molted  into  adults. 

Graphocephala  versuta  (Say). 

Tettigonia  versuta  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila..  vi,  p.  311,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  386. 

Tettigonia  versuta  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  p.  348,  pi.  11,  fig.   10,   1854. 
Diedrocephala  verxnta  \Voodw.,  Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  iii,  p.  22,   1887. 
Diedrocephala  versuta  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  22,  p.  27,  1890. 
Tettigonia  redacta  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  276,  pi.  18,  fig.  21,  1900. 
Diedrocephala  versuta  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  64,  pi.  6,  fig.  3,   1901. 
Diedrocephala  versuta  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  25,  1916. 
Diedrocephala  versuta  Gibs.,  Can.  Ent.,  xlviii,  p.  177,   1916. 
Graphocephala  versuta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  602,  1917. 
Graphocephala  versuta  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  5,  1918. 
Graphocephala  versuta  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  33,  1919. 

Form:  Like  coccinea  but  smaller.  Length,  5  to  6  mm.  Vertex  broader 
than  long,  a  little  shorter  than  pronotum,  apex  blunt,  lateral  margins 
distinctly  rounding.  Pronotum  narrowed  anteriorly,  humeral  margins 
slightly  longer  than  lateral  margins.  Elytra  not  quite  as  long  as  in 
coccinea. 

Color:  Vertex  with  black  marginal  lines  and  with  pair  of  median 
parallel  lines  connecting  anteriorly  with  broken  lines  which  run  back 
parallel  with  the  margin,  between  the  margin  and  the  ocelli.  Space  be- 
tween parallel  lines  and  around  the  margin  whitish  or  yellowish,  the  rest 


96  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

reddish.  Face  yellow,  pronotum  yellowish  anteriorly,  greenish  posteriorly, 
often  with  red  bands  continuous  with  red  bands  of  clavus  and  of  head, 
between  which  are  blue  bands.  Scutellum  red  or  yellowish  with  black 
markings.  Elytra  blue,  claval  suture  with  a  blue  stripe  either  side  of 
which  is  a  broader  red  one,  apex  and  posterior  third  of  costal  margin 
pale  with  several  small,  dark,  triangular  spots. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  broad, 
lateral  margins  strongly  tapering  posteriorly,  the  disc  longitudinally 
elevated,  posterior  margin  produced  angularly;  pygofers  long  and  narrow, 
equalling  or  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  forming  distinct  keel  on 
mesal  margin,  bearing  a  few  short,  coarse  hairs.  Male,  plates  long  and 
narrow,  often  twice  as  long  as  the  last  ventral  segment  and  bearing 
coarse  hairs  on  the  lateral  margins ;  pygofers  exceeded  by  the  plates. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  county. 

Hosts:  Gibson  gives  cowpeas  and  clover  as  hosts.  De  Long 
took  specimens  from  shrubs  and  weeds.  Probably  a  general 
feeder  like  the  preceding. 

Genus  DR^CULACEPHALA  Ball. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  the  genus : 
"Similar  to  Diedrocephala,  the  vertex  usually  longer  and  more 
acutely  angled.  Face,  as  seen  from  side,  usually  straight,  or 
slightly  concave  to  the  middle  of  clypeus,  where  it  is  broken 
backwards.  Disc  of  clypeus  quite  gibbous.  Pronotum  with 
the  lateral  margins  parallel,  narrower  than  or  only  equalling 
the  eye.  Elytra  long,  narrowing  apically,  greenish,  the  nerv- 
ures  raised,  distinct,  the  apical  and  the  ante-apical  cells  ir- 
regularly reticulate  veined.  Anterior  tibiae  slender,  round. 

"Type  of  the  genus  D.  mollipes  Say." 

Two  members  of  this  genus  have  been  collected  in  Kansas. 
D.  noveboracensis  has  not  yet  been  reported  in  the  state  but 
likely  occurs  in  the  northeastern  portion  and  is  therefore  in- 
cluded in  the  key.  D.  reticulata  should  be  found  in  the  south- 
ern part. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Front,  as  seen   from   side,   almost  straight.     Sides   of   front  with 
dark  arcs. 

B.    Vertex  long,  acute,  margins  as  seen  from  above  straight,  spots 
on  apex  minute  or  none.    Profile  of  front  straight. 

C.  Size  small,  vertex  of  fema'e  distinctly  longer  than 
broad.  Lines  on  vertex  usually  faint.  Last  ventral  seg- 
ment of  male  broad.  mollipes 

*  Adapted  from  key  by  Dr.  E.  D.  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  67,   1901. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^.  97 

A.    Front,  as  seen  from  side,  almost  straight — concluded. 

CC.  Size  larger,  vertex  of  female  distinctly  shorter  than 
broad.  Lines  on  vertex  usually  distinct  and  broad. 
Last  ventral  segment  of  male  long,  cylindrical. 

angulifera. 

BB.  Vertex  shorter,  roundingly  acute,  margins  as  seen  from  above 
slightly  rounding,  spots  on  apex  distinct.  Profile  of  front 
slightly  rounding.  noveboracensis. 

AA.    Front,  as  seen  from  side  distinctly  rounding.    Sides  of  front  mottled 
with  brown  or  unmarked.  reticulata. 

Drseculacephala  mollipes  (Say). 

(PI.  9,  figs.  6-7.) 

Tettigonia  mollipes  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  312,  1831;  Compl.  Writ..  iir 
p.  383. 

Tettigonia  mollipes  Harr.,  in  Hitchcock  Geol.  Mass.,  edn.  2,  p.  580,  1835. 

Aulacizes  mollipes  Ph.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  56,  1851. 

Tettigonia  innotata  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  770,  1851. 

Tettigonia  antica  Walk.,  List.  Homop.,  iii,  p.  771,  1851. 

Diedrocephala  mollipes  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  726,  pi.  21,  figs.  1'2,  13, 
1854. 

Acopsis  viridis  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,  iv,  p.  352,  1872. 

Diedrocephala  mollipes  Osb.,  Kept.  la.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  for  1892,  p.  687. 

Tettigonia  mollipes  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  273,  pi.  18,  fig.  15,  1900. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  67,  pi.  7,  fig.  1,  1901. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  511,  1905. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  56,  191:.'. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  103,  1915. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Gibs.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  254,  1915. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Van  D.,  Ent.  News,  xxvi,  p.  178,  1915. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  27,   1916. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Gibs.,  Can.  Ent.,  xlviii,  p.  177,   1916. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  603,  1917. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  6,  1918. 

Drceculacephala  mollipes  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  37,  1919. 

Form:  Rather  long  and  slender.  Length,  6  to  9.5  mm.  Vertex  very 
long,  acutely  angled,  sides  straight,  disc  flat,  longer  in  female  than  in 
male.  Face  straight  in  profile.  Pronotum  with  lateral  margins  parallel, 
anterior  margin  rounding,  posterior  margin  emarginate.  Elytra  long, 
nervures  distinctly  raised,  apical  portion  reticulate. 

Color:  Vertex,  anterior  part  of  pronotum  and  scutellum  yellow,  latter 
two  sometimes  greenish.  Vertex  with  two  small  apical  spots,  lines  on 
reflexed  portion  of  front,  a  median  and  a  pair  of  lateral  lines,  brown. 
Face  yellow  to  fuscous  with  nine  pairs  of  brown  arcs  laterally.  Disc  of 
pronotum  and  elytra  bright  green,  nervures  light,  costal  and  apical  mar- 
gins light. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  two-thirds  as 
long  as  broad,  posterior  margin  sinuate  on  either  side  of  obtusely  rounded 
median  lobe ;  pygof ers  long  and  narrow,  equalling  or  exceeding  ovipositor 
and  bearing  a  few  stout,  coarse  hairs  along  sutural  margin.  Male,  valve 
short,  angularly  produced;  plates  large,  as  long  as  pygofers,  and  with 
short,  stout  hairs  on  margin. 

7— Sci.  Bui.  —3058 


98 


THE    UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  proximal  portion  large  and 
scarcely  tapering1,  large  lobes  for  connection  to  connective,  distal  half 
first  curving  outward  and  then  with  a  seeming  terminal  inwardly  pro- 
jecting segment  which  is  toothed  on  the  inner  margin  near  the  apex,  and 
then  curved  outward  at  the  extreme  tip;  connective  T-shaped,  with  the 
cross  bar  heavy;  oedagus  consisting  of  a  T-shaped  heavy  piece  with  a 
very  short  standard,  from  the  sides  of  which  extend  out  two  long, 
tapering  and  twisting  processes,  the  points  of  which  extend  laterad;  a 
heavy  characteristically  shaped  chitinous  process  extends  downward  from 
the  base  of  the  anal  tube. 

Distribution:  Occurs  throughout  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
state  as  shown  by  the  following  map: 


CHErEWN 

C  RAWUNS 

DECATUS 

Nosrcw 

PHIU. 

SrilTH 

JEWELL 

REPUp 

WASH 

HARSH 

NEH. 

BR:n 

) 

\ 

SHtRHA 

N   TMOHAS 

SHERI. 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OSS. 

HITCH 

CLOUD 

1 

CPOTTA 

^r\ 

)AK.   ' 

TCHf^ 

WALLAC 

LOGAN 

60VC 

TRCGO 

ELLIS 

FJ55 

LINC 

OTTAWA 

A,C 

~lKl 

DOU6 

JOHN 

ELL5tf 

SALINE 

OSACE 

GRE.XY 

rVlW 

corr 

LANE 

NESS 

RUSH 

BARTOIJ 
-I  

R.CE 

H'PHER 

nt 

a 

BUT 

CHASE 

ECN. 

HAM 

(CAR. 

rim 

CY 
- 

•lODGt 
FORD 

EOW.    1 

jsw 

PRATT 

RENO       HARVCY 
~~JSEDGE 

-ES 

GR 

WOOD. 

•  ' 

STAN. 

•KMT 

HASH 

KIOVW 

ELK. 

WILSON 

NEOS. 

CRA>v. 

nORT  S 

TCV. 

SEW 

MEAD 

CLflfK 

COHAN. 

BARSC 

HARR    SUHNER. 

COW. 

CHAJT 

MONT. 

A 

Jo 

Hosts:  This  is  a  very  general  feeder,  but  because  it  occurs 
on  so  many  cultivated  crops,  often  in  very  large  numbers,  it 
is  to  be  considered  an  insect  of  economic  importance.  The 
writer  has  taken  it  on  corn,  many  native  grasses  and  at  lights. 
Gibson  gives  the  following  hosts :  Wheat,  barley,  oats,  alfalfa, 
Johnson  grass,  kafir  corn,  sorghum,  cowpeas,  Bermuda  grasses 
and  many  native  grasses.  Osborn  gives  rye,  bluegrass  and 
brome  grass  as  additional  hosts.  It  is  also  known  to  feed  on 
timothy. 

Drseculacephala  angulifera  (Walk.). 

Tetligonia  angulifera  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  771,  1851. 

Diedrocephala  aitftulifera  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  727,  pi  21  fig  14 
1851. 

Diedrocephala  angulifera  Van  D.,  Ent.  News,  v,  156,  1894. 

Droeculacephala  angvlifera  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  69,  pi.  7,  fig.  4,  1901. 

Drtfcvlacephala  angvlifera  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  511,  1905. 

Dreecvlacephala  angulifera  Van  D.,  Ent.  News,  xxvi,  p.  178,  1915. 

Drazculacephala,  angvttfera  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238  p  102  1915-  Bui 
248,  p.  78,  1916. 

Drtfculacephdla  angulifera  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  603,  1917. 

Dr&fulacefihala  angvlifera  Weiss,  Ent.  News,  xxix,  p.  310,  1918. 
Dracvlacephala  angulifera  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  6,  1918. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  99 

Form:  Larger  and  broader  than  preceding  species.  Length  8  to  11 
mm.  Vertex  distinctly  shorter  than  broad,  disc  concave  anteriorly. 
Pronotum  wide  with  long  lateral  margins.  Elytra  long,  but  broader  than 
in  viollipes  though  with  similar  venation. 

Color:  About  as  in  mollipes  except  that  the  lines  on  the  vertex  are 
broad  and  distinct. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  three-fourths 
as  long  as  wide,  lateral  margins  strongly  tapering  posteriorly,  posterior 
margin  strongly  and  angularly  produced  medially;  pygofers  very  long 
and  narrow,  equalling  or  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  and  bearing  a 
very  few  coarse,  stout  hairs  along  either  side  of  the  ovipositor.  Male, 
last  ventral  segment  characteristic,  distinctly  longer  than  wide,  cylindri- 
cal; valve  semicircular,  strongly  and  angularly  produced  medially;  plates 
long  and  slender,  slightly  divergent,  nearly  equalling  pygofers,  tips 
curved  upward  and  inward,  and  bearing  a  few  hairs  on  lateral  margins. 

Distribution:  Sedgwick  county  is  the  only  place  in  the  state 
from  which  specimens  of  this  species  have  yet  been  taken. 

Hosts:  Doctor  Osborn  reports  this  species  as  occurring  in 
the  coarse  grasses  of  lowlands  and  in  timothy. 

Drseculacephala  noveboracensis  (Fh.). 

Aulacizes  noveboracensis  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  56,   1851. 
Tettigonia  prasiha  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  768,  1851. 
Tettingonia  noveboracensis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1158,  1852. 

Diedrocephala .noveboracensis  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Pr.,  ser.  3,  ii,  p.  19,  pi.  2,  fig.  5, 
1854. 

Diedrocephala  noveboracensis  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,-  Bui.  22,  p.  27,  1890. 
Diedrocephala  noveboracensis  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  125,  1892. 
Diedrocephala  noveboracensis  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  82,  1895. 
Diedrocephala  noveboracensis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  p.  177,  1897. 
Drceculacephala  noveboracensis  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii,  p.  71,  pi.  7,  fig.  6,  1901. 
Drceculacephala  noveboracensis  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  5,  511,  1905. 
Drceculacephala  noveboracensis  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  59,  1912 
Drceculacephala  noveboracensis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  101,  1915. 
Drceculacephala  noveboracensis  Van  D.,  Ent.  News,  xxvi,  p.  179,  1915. 
Drasculacephala  noveboracensis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  605,  1917. 
Drceculacephala  noveboracenxig  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  6,  1918. 
Drceculacephala  noveboracensis  Weiss,  Ent.  News,  xxix,  p.  309,  1918. 
Drceculacephala  noceboracensis  Ols.,  Bui.  Brooklyn  Ent.  Soc.,  xiii,  p.  121,  1918. 

This  species  has  not  yet  been  reported  from  Kansas,  but  should  be 
found  in  the  eastern  and  northern  portion.  It  is  a  rather  large,  stout 
species,  8  mm.  long,  with  a  shorter  vertex  than  the  preceding  species. 
The  vertex,  when  seen  from  above  has  slightly  rounding  margins,  and 
the  profile  of  the  face  is  slightly  rounding.  It  occurs,  according  to  Osborn, 
on  the  coarse  grasses  of  low  ground. 

Dr&culacephala  reticulata  (Sign.). 

(PI.  9,  figs.  8-9.) 

Tettiffonia  reticulata  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  3,  p.  22,  pi.  2,  fig.  10,  1854. 
Ui'drocephala  flaviceps  Ril.,  Am.  Ent.,  iii,  p.  78,  1880. 
Tettigonia  flaviceps  Johns.  &  Fox,  Ent.  N«ws,  iii,  p.  60,    l«92. 


100  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

Trttigoni*  didvcta  Fowl.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop.,  ii,  p.  274,  pi.  18,  fig.  17,  1900. 
l>r,r,-i,lacephala  reticvlata  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  viii.  p.  73,  pi.  6,  fig.  8,  1901. 
Drcecvlacephala  reticvlata  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ix,  p.  463,  1909. 

Drtrcvlactphala,  reticvlata  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  52,  1912. 
Drcecvlacephala  reticvlata  Van  D.,  Ent.  News,  xxiv,  p.  179,  1915. 
Dnrciilacephala  reticvlata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  27,  1916. 
Drcecvlacephala  reticvlata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  606,  1917. 
Drcecvlacephala  reticvlata  Ols.,  Bui.  Am.  MUB.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxviii,  p.  6,  1918. 
Drcecvlacephala  reticvlata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  38,  1919. 

Form:  Smallest  of  the  members  of  this  genus  that  occur  in  the  state. 
Length,  4.5  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  blunt,  much  broader  than  long.  Face  in 
profile  convex.  Pronotum  longer  proportionally  than  in  other  members  of 
the  genus,  humeral  margins  longer  than  lateral  margins,  posterior  margin 
distinctly  emarginate.  Elytra  characteristic  because  of  the  numerous 
apical  reticulations. 

Color:  Face  lacks  the  dark  arcs  characteristic  of  the  three  preceding 
species,  being  yellow  or  orange-yellow,  as  is  the  vertex,  except  for  two 
light  spots  which  include  the  ocelli.  Anterior  portion  of  pronotum  and 
scutellum  yellow.  Disc  of  pronotum  and  scutellum  grayish  green  with 
nervures  and  costal  margin  light. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  slightly  wider  than 
long,  lateral  margins  slightly  tapering  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  with 
median  half  roundingly  produced;  pygofers  are  long  but  rather  stout, 
equalling  the  tip  of  the  ovipositor  and  bearing  a  very  few  stout  scattered 
hairs.  Male,  valve  rounded  on  posterior  margin;  plates  long,  tapering 
regularly  to  acute  tips  from  broad  base,  almost  equalling  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia :  Styles  of  same  type  as  in  mollipes,  but  shorter 
and  stouter;  connective  T-shaped,  but  with  cross  piece  distinctly  curved; 
oedagus  much  as  in  mollipes  though  smaller. 

Distribution:  Should  be  found  in  the  southern  part  of  the 
state. 

Hosts:  A  general  grass  feeder.  De  Long  reports  it  from 
Bermuda  grass.  It  has  been  reported  on  oats  and  wheat. 

Subfamily  GYPONIN^  (Stal). 

The  members  of  this  subfamily  are  for  the  most  part  large 
forms,  having  a  broad,  somewhat  flattened  body.  Their  flat- 
tened form,  together  with  the  fact  that  the  ocelli  are  situated 
on  the  disc  of  the  vertex,  is  enough  to  separate  them  from  the 
other  subfamilies.  Three  of  the  four  United  States  genera 
are  known  to  occur  in  Kansas. 

KEY  TO  GENERA. 

A.    Very  short  and  broad,  clavus  truncate  at  tip.  Penthimia. 

AA.    Elongate  forms,  clavus  not  truncate  at  tip. 

B.    Head  with  sharp  narrow  margin,  elytra  oblique  at  apex. 

Gypona. 

BB.    Head  with  broad  flat  margin,  elytra  perpendicular  at  apex. 

Xerophloea. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  101 

Genus  PENTHIMIA  Germ. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  short,  ovate,  Cercopid-like 
insects.  The  head  is  narrower  than  the  pronotum,  the  vertex 
being  very  broadly  rounded.  Pronotum  is  widened  posteriorly, 
distinctly  transversely  striated,  and  with  the  posterior  margin 
broadly  concave.  The  elytra,  though  exceeding  the  abdomen, 
are  very  short  and  broad  and  the  broadly  truncate  apex  of 
the  clavus  is  very  noticeable.  There  is  a  distinct  appendix. 

The  single  American  species  of  this  genus  has  been  taken  in 
Kansas. 

Penthimia  americana  Fh. 

Penthimia  americana  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  57,  1851. 
Penthimia  vicaria  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  841,  1851. 
Penthimia  picta  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,  p.  352,  1872. 
Penthimia  americana  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  83,  1895. 
Penthimia  americana.  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  514,  1905. 
Penthimia  americana  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  100,  1915. 
Penthimia  americana  DeL.,  Tenn.,  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  29,  1916. 
Penthimia  americana  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  610,  1917. 
Penthimia  americana  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  41,  1919. 

Form:  The  above  generic  description  gives  the  form  of  this  species. 
Length,  5  to  6  mm. 

Color:   Varies  from  reddish -brown  to  black. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  corn- 
ers rounded,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave  on  either  side  of  a  median 
lobe  which  itself  is  slightly  or  sometimes  distinctly  emarginate,  forming 
two  teeth ;  pygofers  very  short  and  broad,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor. 
Male,  valve  triangular;  plates  broad  at  base,  tapering  to  acute  apex, 
bearing  fine  hairs  on  margins,  as  long  as  very  short  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  only  in  Pottawatomie  county. 

Hosts:  Osborn  records  this  species  as  occurring  on  hickory, 
maple  and  other  trees  and  shrubs.  De  Long  reports  it  from 
oak. 

Genus  GYPONA  Germ. 

This  genus  contains  some  of  our  largest  Cicadellidse.  They 
are  more  elongate  than  Penthimia  and  differ  from  Xerophloea 
in  lacking  the  broad  thin-margined  head  of  the  latter.  The 
head  is  short  and  broadly  rounded  on  the  anterior  margin.  The 
pronotum  has  distinct  lateral  and  humeral  margins  and  is 
narrowed  anteriorly.  Its  anterior  margin  is  broadly  rounded, 
while  the  posterior  margin  is  broadly,  though  slightly,  con- 
cave. 

The  five  members  of  the  genus  listed  below  are  known  to 
occur  in  the  state. 


102  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES. 

A.    With  longitudinal  stripes  on  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum. 

octo-lineata. 
AA.    No  longitudinal  stripes  on  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum. 

B.    Very  broad  species,  green  or  black.  melanota. 

BB.    More  slender  species,  gray  or  brown,  usually  spotted. 
C.    Brownish  species,  veins  not  punctate  laterally. 

D.    Without  submarginal  spots  on  pronotum;  not  irro- 

rate  with  red.  pectoralis. 

DD.    With  four,  anterior,  submarginal  spots  on  prono- 
tum; often  irrorate  with  red.          puncticollis. 
CC.    Grayish  species,  veins  distinctly  punctate  laterally. 

cinerea. 

Gypona  octo-lineata  (Say). 

(PI.  10,  figs.  1-2.) 

Teltigonia  octo-lineata  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  340,  1824;  Compl.  Writ., 
ii,  p.  257. 

Gypona  striata  Burm.,  Genera  Ins.,  i,  pi.  16,  No.  9,  1838. 

Gypona.  cana  Burm.,  Genera  Ins.,  i,  pi.  16,  No.  10,  1838. 

Gypona  flavilineata  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  57,  1851. 

Gypona  quebecensis  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,  iv,  p.  352,  1872. 

Gypona  flavilineata  Spangb.,  Spec.  Gyponae,  p.  8,  1878. 

Gypona  scrupnlosa  Spangb.,  Spec.  Gypome,  p.  9,  1878. 

Gypona  olivacea  Spangb.,  Ent.  Tidskr.,  p.  24,  1881. 

Gypona  octo-lineata  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  247,  1884. 

Gypona  octo-lineata  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  390,  1890. 

Gypona  octo-lineata  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  179,  1897  (part). 

Gypona  octo-lineata  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  512,  1905. 

Gypona  flavilineata  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  105,  1915. 

Gypona  octo-lineata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  31,  1916. 

Gypona  octolineata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  611,  1917. 

Gypona  octo-lineata  Gibs.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  Ivi,  p.  90,  1919. 

Gypona  octo-lineata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  41,  1919. 

Form:  A  large  oval  species.  Length,  7  to  10  mm.  Vertex  broadly 
rounded,  thin-margined,  over  half  as  long  as  basal  width.  Pronotum 
characteristic  of  the  genus,  narrowed  anteriorly,  anterior  margin  broadly 
though  slightly  convex,'  posterior  margin  about  equally  concave,  lateral 
margins  long,  humeral  margins  shorter.  Scutellum  large.  Elytra  long, 
tapering  posteriorly,  sometimes  reticulately  veined,  including  the  clavus. 

Color:  Light  green  usually,  often  darker.  Vertex  with  six  yellowish 
or  red  longitudinal  lines,  pronotum  with  eight,  scutellum  with  four. 
Nervures  of  elytra  varying  from  yellow  to  red.  The  red  stripes  and  veins 
give  the  brightly-colored  forms  a  distinct  reddish  look. 

External  gcnitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  pre- 
ceding segment,  narrowed  posteriorly,  longest  laterally  partially  due  to 
posterior  margin  being  turned  downward  and  forming  a  broad,  rounded, 
median  excision  extending  a  third  of  the  distance  to  the  base;  pygofers 
broad  and  long,  exceeding  ovipositor,  bearing  a  few  stout  hairs  on  apical 
third.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  very  long,  slightly  notched  medially, 
concealing  valve;  plates  long  and  narrow,  longer  than  last  ventral  seg- 
ment,- widely  separated  at  base,  overlapping  apically,  nearly  or  quite 
equalling  the  short  pygofers. 


LAWECN :     KANSAS   CICADELLID.-E. 


103 


Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  very  large,  thickest  just  beyond  the 
middle,  apical  third  bent  laterad,  terminating  in  a  foot-like  form,  toothed 
on  inner  margin  apically;  connective  broad  and  stout,  with  a  short  stout 
median  process  to  oedagus;  cedagus  V-shaped,  very  heavy  basally, 
terminal  portion  tapering,  long  and  slender,  terminating  bluntly  and  bear- 
ing near  apex  a  pair  of  long,  slender  lateral  processes. 

Distribution:  Our  commonest  member  of  the  genus.  Is 
found  all  over  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


CHtrcw 

E    RAWLINS 

-• 

DECftTUS 

NORTON 

PHILL 

SniTH 

JEWELL 

REPUP 

WASH 

HARSH 

NEH. 

B1KW%^ 

1         r> 

\ 

I 

N 

SHtRHA 

N   THOHAS 

SHERl. 

GRAH' 

ROOKS 

OSB. 

HITCH 

CLOUD 

CUHfjj 

DICKJ: 

H/iRlON 

\wf 

M 

EARTfy, 

10RRlsV 
CHASE 

u 

AB- 

UCHI> 

WALLAH 

LOGAN 

GOVE 

TREGO 

ELLIS 

RUSS 

LINC 

OTTAWA 

SI- 

AW- 

3b 

P] 

JOHN 

ELLSVY 
RICE 

SALINE 
H'PHER 

OSAGE 
COFfEl 

GRE.VY 

MC«. 

SCOTT 

LANE 

NE53 

I.U.L 

RUSH 

PAWNE 

BARTON 

Isiir 

LYON 

FRANK 
ANDK 

nwni 

L^ 

HAD       t 
STAN. 

(LAK. 

IWT 

1  ciwr 

HASKJ 

FORD 

—  1  . 
EOW. 

KICWA 

PRATT 

RENO 
KING. 

S 

HARVEY 
EDGE 

BUTLER 

GREEN; 
ELK 

WOOD. 
WILSON 

ALLEK 
NCOS. 

• 
BOUR 

CRAW. 

HORT   5 

rev. 

SEW 

MEAD 

CU1PK 

COHAN. 

BARStf 

HARR 

• 
SUHNER 

COW. 

CH«T 

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flONT 

LAB. 

c*.. 

Hosts:  Occurs  on  a  great  variety  of  weeds,  grasses,  shrubs 
and  trees.  The  writer  has  observed  the  nymphs  very  commonly 
on  Gary  a  ovata  around  Lawrence. 

Gypona  melanota  Spangb. 

Gypona  melanota  Spangb.,  Spec.  Gypoiia?,  p.  19,  1878. 

Gypona  bipunciulata  Woodw.,  Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  iii,  p.  30,  1887. 

Gypona  nigra  Woodw.,  Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  iii,  p.  31,  1887. 

Gypona  bipunctulaia  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  181,  1897. 

Gypona  melanota  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxix,  p.  112,  1903. 

Gypona  melanota  Van  D.,  20thJRept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  513,  1905. 

Gypona  bipunctvlata  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  513,  1905. 

Gypona  melanota  Smith,  Cat.  Ins.  N.  J.,  end.  3,  p.  101,  1910. 

Gypona  melanota  Van  D.,  Cat.  Homip.  N.  A.,  p.  613,  1917. 

Gypona  melanota  Gibs.,  Proc.  I'.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  Ivi,  p.  95,  1919. 

Gypona  Mpunctulata  Gibs.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  Ivi,  p.  98,  1919. 

Form:  This  species  is  the  most  robust  looking  of  the  members  of  this 
genus,  being  very  broad  and  flat  in  proportion  to  its  length.  Length  of 
female,  9  to  11  mm.;  male,  8.25  mm.  Vertex,  about  twice  as  long  medially 
as  next  to  the  eye,  anterior  margin  broadly  rounding,  slightly  concave 
preapically,  the  oblique  striations  very  distinct.  Pronotum  about  twice 
as  long  as  vertex,  distinctly  transversely  striated.  Elytra  very  broad, 
slightly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  The  females  are  all  greenish,  frequently  bearing  a  pair  of 
black  spots  laterally  on  the  pronotum  not  quite  half  way  back,  and  a 


104  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

black  spot  on  base  of  each  elytron,  just  under  outer  edge  of  pronotum. 
The  males  may  be  of  the  same  color  as  the  females,  or  they  may  be  black 
forms.  In  the  latter,  the  vertex  may  be  partly  or  entirely  black  except 
for  light  marks  around  the  ocelli,  a  pair  of  light  spots  on  the  posterior 
margin  a  little  further  apart  than  the  ocelli  and  another  pair  of  light 
spots  near  the  anterior  margin  a  little  in  front  of  the  eyes.  The  pronotum 
may  have  the  disc  blackened,  showing  the  pair  of  black  dots,  or  it  may 
be  entirely  black  except  for  a  strip  of  light  along  the  lateral  margins. 
The  scutellum  may  have  the  disc  blackened,  or  it  may  be  entirely  black 
except  for  touches  of  light  markings  near  the  apex.  The  elytra  are  very 
smoky,  but  are  usually  light  and  hyaline  enough  to  let  the  black  abdomen 
show  through,  showing  the  black  spot  at  the  base,  as  in  the  female. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  longest  at  lat- 
eral angles,  shortest  medially,  posterior  margin  broadly  concave  with  a 
very  small  median  lobe;  pygofers  broad  and  long,  slightly  exceeding 
ovipositor  and  bearing,  especially  on  apical  half,  a  few  coarse  hairs.  Male, 
valve  hidden  by  last  ventral  segment;  plates  broad,  obliquely  truncate 
and  overlapping  apically,  exceeded  by  the  large  pygofers  which  bear  a 
few  stout  hairs  laterally. 

Distribution:  Specimens  have  been  taken  in  Pottawatomie 
and  Douglas  counties. 

Hosts:  Seemingly  confined  to  native  grasses. 

In  1905  Professor  Osborn  suggested  that  G.  melanota 
Spangb.  might  be  a  melanotic  form  of  G.  bipunctulata  Woodw. 
Dr.  Ball  is  of  the  opinion  that  such  is  the  case  and  in  his  col- 
lection are  to  be  seen  the  large  females  and  the  smaller  males 
of  both  colors.  Many  of  these  were  taken  together,  so  there 
seems  to  be  no  doubt  as  to  the  synonomy  of  these  two  forms. 

Gypona  pectoralis  Spangb. 

Gypona  pectorali*  Spangb.,  Spec.  Gyponse,  p.  46,  1878. 

Gypona  pectoralis  Spangb.,  Ent.  Tidskr.,  i,  p.  33,   1881. 

Gypona  albimarginata  Woodw.,  Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  iii,  p.  31,  1887. 

Gypona  hullensis  Prov.,  Pet.  Paune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  269,  1889. 

Gypona  pectoralis  Wirtn.,  Ann.  Cam.  Mus.,  iii,  p.  220,  1904. 

Gypona  pectoralis  Van  D.,  Ottawa  Nat.,  xxvi,  p.  68,  1912. 

Gypona  pectoralis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  614,  1917. 

Gypona  pectoralis  Gibs.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  Ivi,  p.  94,  1919. 

Form:  Not  as  broad  as  preceding  species.  Length,  8.5  to  10.24  mm. 
Vertex  less  than  twice  as  long  medially  as  next  to  the  eye,  broadly 
rounded.  Pronotum  characteristic  of  the  genus.  Elytra  long,  well  ex- 
ceeding the  abdomen,  subcoriaceous. 

Color:  Brownish;  vertex  and  pronotum  having  a  mottled  appearance 
as  does  anterior  portion  of  scutellum.  Posterior  portion  of  scutellum 
lighter.  Elytra  darker  than  other  parts,  often  having  large  or  small  dark 
spots  on  the  cross  veins  and  sometimes  on  the  cells. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  broad,  slightly  longer 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHLE.  105 

than  preceding  segment,  posterior  margin  truncate,  with  a  small  median 
excision;  pygofers  broad  and  long,  exceeding  ovipositor,  and  bearing, 
chiefly  on  distal  half,  quite  a  few  large  coarse  hairs.  Male,  last  ventral 
segment  long,  semicircular,  covering  the  valve;  plates  very  broad  and 
obliquely  truncate  apically  with  the  outer  angles  more  prominent  than 
the  rounding  inner  angles;  pygofers  about  as  long  as  the  plates,  narrow, 
and  covered  with  numerous  very  large  hairs. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Douglas,  Pottawatomie,  Sumner 
and  Montgomery  counties. 

Hosts:    Probably  a  grass-feeding  species. 

Gypona  puncticollis  Spangb. 

QVPO*»  pvncticottig  Spangb.,  Spec.  Gypona?,  p.  54,   1878. 
Gyponm  pwHcticollig  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  30,  1916. 
Gvpon*  punctieollis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  615,   1917. 
Gvponm  puncticollis  Gibs.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus..  Ivi,  p.  98,  1919. 

Form:    As  in  preceding  species.     Length,  8  to  9  mm. 

Color:  Reddish  brown  with  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  lighter 
than  the  elytra,  the  scutellum  the  lightest.  Head,  pronotum  and  basal 
and  costal  portion  of  elytra  often  irrorate  with  red.  Spot  behind  each 
ocellus  light  brown.  Pronotum  with  four  black  spots  near  the  margin. 
Elytra  with  black  spot  on  humerus,  on  some  of  the  cross  veins  and  also  in 
some  cells. 

External  ge  nit  alia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  broad  and  long, 
posterior  margin  sinuate,  lobe  on  median  third  with  a  median  notch; 
pygofers  broad  and  long,  exceeding  ovipositor  and  with  coarse  hairs  on 
apical  half.  Male,  genitalia  as  in  preceding  species  except  that  last 
ventral  segment  is  more  produced  medially  and  the  plates  are  longer  and 
further  apart. 

Distribution :  Taken  only  in  Pottawatomie  and  Riley  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:  De  Long  gives  Elymus  virginiciis  as  one  of  the  grass 
hosts  of  this  species. 

Gypona  cinerea  Uhl. 

Gypona  cinerea  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  460,   1877.  . 
Gypona  cinerea  Woodw.,  Bui.  111.  St.  Lab.  Nat.  Hist.,  iii,  p.  32,  1887. 
Gypona  cinerea  Will.,   Kan.   Univ.   Sci.   Bui.,  viii,  p.  223,   1913. 
Gypona  cinerea  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  615,  1917. 
Gypona  cinerea  Gibs.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  Ivi,  p.   100,  1919. 

Form:  This  species  varies  very  greatly  in  size.  Length  of  females  6 
to  11  mm.,  males  5  to  9  mm.  Vertex  produced  more  than  in  other  mem- 
bers of  the  genus,  about  three  times  as  long  medially  as  next  the  eyes 
and  almost  as  long  as  the  pronotum.  Pronotum  twice  as  bread  as  long. 
There  are  long-  and  short-winged  forms  in  both  sexes.  In  the  long- 
winged  females  the  elytra  just  exceed  the  abdomen;  in  the  short-winged 
forms  they  are  exceeded  by  the  abdomen.  The  elytra  of  the  long-winged 


106  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

males  greatly  exceed  the  abdomen,  whereas  in  the  short-winged  males  the 
elytra  are  shorter  than  the  abdomen.  In  any  case  the  elytra  are  quite 
broad. 

Color:  The  color  varies  from  a  light,  brownish-gray  to  a  dark  ciner- 
ous.  Vertex  and  pronotum  densely  punctate  with  black.  Vertex  with 
pair  of  black  spots  on  posterior  margin,  a  little  further  apart  than  the 
ocelli.  Pronotum  often  with  series  of  anterior,  submarginal  dark  spots. 
Scutellum  slightly  punctate  with  fuscous,  the  basal  angles  dark.  Elytra 
very  characteristically  marked  with  fuscous,  with  impressed  punctures 
on  either  side  of  the  nervures,  and  frequently  having  small  fuscous  spots 
in  the  cells.  Head,  pronotum  and  scutellum  sometimes  lightly  irrorate 
with  red. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preced- 
ing, posterior  margin  with  a  large  excavation,  reaching  one-third  of  the 
distance  to  the  base,  the  base  of  which  bears  a  distinct,  obtusely-pointed 
or  rounded  lobe;  pygofers  are  broad  and  long,  exceeding  the  ovipositor, 
broadest  at  the  middle,  each  bearing  preapically  a  lateral,  black,  impressed 
line.  In  the  long-winged  male  the  last  ventral  segment  is  somewhat 
longer  than  the  preceding  one  and  the  posterior  margin  is  slightly  con- 
cave and  elevated;  plates  are  long  and  narrow,  overlapping  apically, 
about  equalling  the  ovipositors  which  bear  a  few  stout  hairs  on  apical  half. 
In  the  short-winged  male,  the  plates  seem  to  be  further  covered  by  a 
relatively  longer  last  ventral  segment,  so  that  they  appear  shorter.  In 
the  specimens  examined  they  were  not  found  to  overlap  apically. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Grant  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:  Williams  records  this  species  as  common  on  Buffalo 
grass  in  Kansas. 

Genus  XEROPHLCEA  Germ. 

The  members  of  this  genus  differ  from  the  other  members  of 
the  GyponinsR  in  having  a  much  flatter  head,  with  broad  thin 
margins.  They  also  have  the  apices  of  the  elytra  perpendicu- 
lar in  position  rather  than  in  the  more  horizontal  position 
characteristic  of  the  other  genera. 

One  of  the  two  United  States'  species  has  been  taken  in  the 
state. 

Xerophlnea  viridis  (Fabr.). 

(PI.  10,  figs.  5-6.) 

Cercopis  viridis  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  iv,  p.  50,  1794. 
Xerophlira  grisea  Germ.,  Zeits.  f.  Ent.,  i,  p.  190,  1839. 
Xerophbra  virescens  Stal,  Of.  Vet.  Akad.  Forh.,  xi,  p.  253,  1854. 
Xerophln-a  viridis  Stal,  Hemip.  Fabr.,  ii,  p.  59,  1869. 
Parapholis  peltata  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geotj.  Surv.,  iii,  461,  1877. 
Xerophloea  peltata  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  82,  1895. 

Xtrophln-a  viridis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Aoad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  179,  pi.  19,  fig.  1,  1897. 
Xerophltra  viridis  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  512,  1905. 
Xerophlcra  viridis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  28,  1916. 
Xerophlaea  viridis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  C16,  1917. 
Xtrnphltra  riridix  Lathr.,   S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  40,   1919. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E. 


107 


Form:  Wedge-shaped,  robust.  Length,  6  to  7.25  mm.  Head  very  flat 
and  thin,  narrower  than  pronotum.  Vertex  about  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  obtusely  angular  apically.  Pronotum  broadest  at  posterior  lateral 
angles,  humeral  margins  longer  than  the  lateral  margins,  sinuate, 
roundingly  angled  with  the  posterior  emarginate  margin,  anterior  mar- 
gin quite  convex.  Apex  of  scutellum  long  and  acute.  Elytra  broad  and 
long,  much  exceeding  abdomen  and  perpendicular  apically.  Entire  dor- 
sal surface  coarsely  and  deeply  pitted. 

Color:  Female  bright  green,  elytra  faded  apically.  Occasionally  a 
female  will  be  very  light  green,  very  irregularly  mottled  all  over  with 
dark  brown,  giving  her  a  brownish  rather  than  a  greenish  color.  Males 
are  usually  a  dirty  yellowish-green.  The  vertex  bears  a  broad  brown 
median  stripe  which  extends  on  to  the  pronotum  and  makes  the  disc  and 
posterior  margin  brown.  Elytra  with  a  brown  spot  before  the  clavus 
and  often  with  a  series  of  smaller  spots  along  sutural  margin  to  the 
apex. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  long,  as  long 
as  wide,  and  incised  medially  clear  to  the  base,  forming  two  large  approxi- 
mate lobes;  pygofers  are  broad  and  long,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor, 
and  bearing  short  appressed  hairs.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  long, 
posterior  margin  somewhat  convex,  hiding  the  valve;  plates  very  long 
and  narrow,  pointed  apically,  exceeding  the  short  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  large  and  very  characteristic,  basal 
half  club-shaped,  then  suddenly  narrowed  and  gradually  thickening  to  a 
broad  truncate  apex  with  a  distinct  inner  acutely  pointed  angle,  the  outer 
angle  being  rounded;  the  connective  is  broad  basally,  tapering  sinu- 
ately  to  the  apex;  the  oedagus  has  a  small  basal,  dorsally  directed  proc- 
ess followed  by  a  sharp  constriction,  and  terminates  in  a  bluntly  pointed 
process,  which,  viewed  laterally,  appears  triangular. 

Distribution:  A  common  form  found  throughout  the  state  as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:   A  grass  feeding  species.    De  Long  records  it  as  es- 
pecially abundant  on  Aristida  gracilis. 


108  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

Subfamily  JASSIN^   (A.  &  S.). 

In  this  subfamily  are  included  a  great  variety  of  forms  and 
more  than  three  times  as  many  species  as  in  the  preceding  sub- 
families combined.  It  is  rather  hard  to  give  distinct  charac- 
teristics for  the  group  for  it  contains  a  very  heterogeneous 
mass  of  species.  The  members  of  one  of  its  tribes  frequently 
lack  ocelli,  a  condition  not  found  in  the  other  subfamilies.  In 
the  other  tribes  the  ocelli  are  on  or  very  near  the  margin  of  the 
vertex  and  thus  these  two  tribes  differ  from  the  members  of 
the  other  subfamilies  where  the  ocelli  are  either  on  the  front, 
below  the  margin  of  the  vertex,  or  on  the  disc  of  the  vertex, 
above  the  margin. 

KEY   TO   THE  TRIBES. 

A.    Ocelli   either   just   above   margin   of   vertex   or    distant   from   the 

eyes.  Acucephalini, 

AA.    Ocelli,  if  present,  on  margin  of  vertex  and  not  distant  from  the  eyes. 

B.    Nervures  of  elytra  branching  on  disc.  Jassini. 

BB.    Nervures  of  elytra  not  branching  on  disc.        Typhlocybini. 

Tribe  ACUCEPHALINI   (Dohrn). 

The  members  of  this  tribe  are  in  the  main  broad,  robust 
forms  in  which  the  ocelli  are  either  situated  just  above  the 
margin  of  the  vertex,  or  on  the  margin,  but  much  further  from 
the  eyes  than  is  normally  their  situation  for  the  members  of 
the  tribe  Jassini. 

KEY   TO   GENERA. 

A.    Head  flattened,  vertex  long,  distinctly  angled  apically. 

Memnonia. 
AA.    Head  conical,  vertex  shorter,  rounded  apically. 

B.    Head  moderately  long,  pronotum  not  produced  beyond  anterior 

margin  of  eyes.  Xestocephalus. 

BB.    Head   short,  pronotum  produced  beyond   anterior  margin  of 

eyes.  Nionia. 

Genus  MEMNONIA  Ball. 

The  following  is  the  original  description  of  the  genus :  "Gen- 
eral form  of  Acucephalus,  vertex  convex,  sloping,  nearly  right 
angled,  about  half  as  long  as  the  width  across  the  eyes,  the  an- 
terior margin  thick,  ocelli  on  the  margin  above  the  frontal 
sutures,  distant  from  the  eyes ;  face  convex,  forming  an  acute 
angle  with  the  vertex,  front  above  broad,  narrowing  below  and 
abruptly  rounding  to  the  parallel  margined  clypeus ;  pronotum 
as  long  or  longer  than  vertex,  strongly,  transversely  wrinkled, 
the  lateral  margins  less  than  half  the  middle  length,  anterior 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  109 

and  posterior  margins  nearly  parallel ;  elytra  macropterous, 
covering  the  abdomen  in  the  male  and  all  but  the  ovipositor  in 
the  female,  with  long  apical  cells  and  a  narrow  appendix,  or 
brachypterous,  covering  about  two-thirds  of  the  abdomen,  the 
apical  cells  very  small ;  under  wings  rudimentary ;  venation,  the 
inner  branch  of  the  first  sector  tied  to  the  second  sector  near  its 
origin,  again  forking  near  the  middle,  its  outer  form  tied  to  the 
outer  branch  beyond  its  middle,  anteapical  cells  of  very  dif- 
ferent lengths." 

One  of  the  two  American  forms  has  been  taken  in  Kansas, 
but  both  are  likely  to  be  found. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Females  larger,  4  mm.  or  more,  greenish-brown,  ovipositor  well  ex- 

seited;  males  3  mm.  long,  black.  consobrina. 

AA.    Females  smaller,  3.5  mm.  or  less,  creamy  buff,  ovipositor  shorter, 

male  similar  to  female  in  size  and  color.  fratema. 

Memnonia  consobrina  Ball. 

Memnonia  consobrina  Ball,  Kept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.  66,  pi.  5,  figs.  6-10,  1900. 
Memnonia  consobrina  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  621,  1917. 

Form:  Females  larger  than  males.  Former  robust,  widest  at  begin- 
ning of  posterior  half.  Length,  4  to  4.25  mm.  Males  smaller.  Length,  3 
mm.  Vertex  twice  longer  on  middle  than  against  eyes,  more  pointed  in 
males.  Pronotum  twice  wider  than  long.  Elytra  covering  the  abdomen 
in  the  males  and  in  some  females,  leaving  part  of  abdomen  exposed  in 
other  females. 

Color:  Females,  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  yellowish-green, 
elytra  brownish.  Males  black  with  white  spots  in  a  row  across  the  ante- 
apical  cells. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  nearly  three  times 
as  long  as  preceding,  posterior  margin  emarginate,  with  a  distinct  median 
lobe;  pygofers  tapering  greatly  caudad  and  much  exceeded  by  the  ovi- 
positor which  bears  a  few  hairs  apically.  Male,  valve  small,  triangular, 
plates  together  about  half  as  wide  as  ultimate  segment,  long,  tapering  to 
acute  tip;  pygofers  slightly  exceeding  plates,  bearing  large  coarse  hairs 
on  margins. 

Distribution:    Has  not  yet  been  taken  in  the  state. 
Hosts:    Ball  reports  this  species  as  breeding  on  Schedon- 
nardiLS  texanus  and  Muhlenbergia  gracUlima. 

Memnonia  fratema  Ball. 

Memnonia  fratema  Ball,  Kept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.  67,  1900. 
Memnonia  fraterna  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  621,  1917. 

Form:  Smaller  than  consobrina,  all  forms  brachypterous.  Length,  ;i 
to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  basal  width,  pronotum  of 
about  the  same  length.  Elytra  broad  and  short,  exposing  last  abdominal 
segment  and  pygofers. 


110  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Color:  Creamy  buff,  seemingly  covered  with  a  whitish  bloom;  apical 
nervures  and  posterior  margin  of  abdominal  segments  fuscous. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  slightly  larger  than 
in  consobrina;  ovipositor  usually  but  slightly  exceeding  the  posteriorly 
tapered  pygofers.  Male,  valve  small,  triangular,  plates  similar  to  conso- 
brina but  shorter,  much  exceeded  by  the  stout  pygofers  which  bear  a  few 
stout  spines  on  the  apical  half. 

Distribution:  Taken  only  in  Reno  county. 

Hosts:  Doctor  Ball  reports  this  species  on  the  same  plants  as 
consobrina. 

Genus  XESTOCEPHALUS  Van  D. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  ovate  in  form  with  the  head 
narrower  than  the  pronotum,  subconical,  the  vertex  sloping, 
and  with  the  ocelli  on  the  rounded  anterior  margin  of  the  head, 
distant  from  the  eyes.  Pronotum  narrow,  over  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  anterior  and  posterior  margins  about  parallel  and  with 
distinct  lateral  and  humeral  margins.  Scutellum  large,  nearly 
as  long  as  the  pronotum.  Elytra  almost  coriaceous,  long, 
greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Two  of  the  three  species  of  this  genus  which  likely  occur  in 
Kansas  have  been  collected  in  the  state. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Vertex  marked  with  distinct  yellow  lines.  pulicarius. 
AA.    Vertex  without  distinct  yellow  lines. 

B.    Vertex  practically  unicolorous.  superbus. 

BB.    Vertex   irrorate,   brown   and   yellow.  tessellatus. 

Xestocephalus  pulicarius  Van  D. 


Xestocephalus  pidicari-u 
Xestocephalus  pulicariit 
Xestocephalus  pulicarht 
Xestocephalux  pulicdrni 
Xestocephalus  pulicariii 
XestocephaluH  pulicariv. 
Xestocephalus  jndicarin 


Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v,  pp.  197,  215,  1894. 

O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acnd.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  284,  1897. 

Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  515,  1905. 

Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  109,  1915. 

DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  35,  1916. 

Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  621,  1917. 

Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  46,  1919. 


Form:  The  smallest  of  the  three  species  mentioned.  Length,  2.5  to 
3  mm.  Head  subconical,  vertex  rounded,  more  than  twice  as  broad  as 
long.  Pronotum  twice  as  broad  as  long,  half  longer  than  vertex.  Elytra 
large,  broad  and  very  long,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Brown,  marked  with  yellow.  Vertex  with  yellow  spots  on  apex 
and  next  each  eye,  latter  connected  by  an  m-shaped  line  on  the  disc  of 
the  vertex,  posterior  margin  yellow.  Pronotum  with  four  yellow  anterior 
submarginal  spots  and  scattered  spots  on  disc.  Scutellum  with  two 
anterior  median  yellow  spots.  Elytra  with  many  yellow  spots  of  various 
sizes. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  Ill 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  preceding  one,  with  posterior  margin  broadly  though  shallowly  emargi- 
nate;  pygofers  broad  but  short,  bearing  only  coarse  spines,  especially  on 
apical  half,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer 
laterally  than  medially;  valve  very  small;  plates  about  twice  as  long 
as  last  ventral  segment,  broad  basally,  tapering  apically  to  obtuse  apices, 
bearing  many  long  fine  hairs  and  a  few  stout  spines,  slightly  exceeded 
by  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  been  taken  in  Cherokee, 
Douglas,  Pottawatomie  and  Hodgeman  counties. 

Hosts:  Van  Duzee  reports  this  species  from  swampy  pas- 
tures where  Car  ex  vulpinoidea  abounds.  De  Long  reports  it 
on  grasses  throughout  Tennessee. 

Xestocephalus  superbus  (Prov.) 


Deltocephalus  superbus  P 
Xestocephalus  fulvocapita 
Xestocephalus  fulvocapita 
Xestocephalus  superbus  "V 
Xestocephalus  fulvocapita 


ov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,   iii,  p.   339,   1890. 

us  Van  D.,   Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v,  pp.  197,  215,   1894. 

is  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  515,  1905. 

n  D.,  Can.  Enf.,  xliv,  p.  329,  1912. 
us  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  109,  1915. 


Xestocephalus  fulvocapitatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.   17,  p.  35,  1916. 
Xestocephalus  superbus  Van  D.,  Cat'.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  622,  1917. 

Form:  Larger  and  more  robust  than  pulicarius.  Length  of  female, 
3.5  mm.,  length  of  male,  2.25  mm.  or  more.  Otherwise  like  pulicarius. 

Color:  Head,  pronotum  and  scutellum  almost  unicolorously  brown. 
Elytra  distinctly  marked  with  semi-transparent  spots  on  corium  and 
apically,  latter  more  or  less  coalescent. 

Genitalia:   As  in  pulicarius. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:   This  is  also  reported  as  living  on  Car  ex. 

Xestocephalus  tessellatus  Van  D. 

Xestocephalus  tessellaius  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v,  p.  216,  1894. 
Xestocephalus  tessellatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  35,  1916. 
Xestocephalus  tessellaius  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  622,  1917. 
Xestocephalus  tessellatus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  47,   1919. 

Form:  The  largest  of  the  species  of  this  genus  that  should  occur  in 
Kansas.  Length,  4  mm.  Otherwise  form  of  preceding  species. 

Color:  Vertex  and  pronotum  brown,  irrorate  with  white.  Scutellum 
with  basal  angles  dark.  ^Elytra  with  nervures  alternating  brown  and 
white  and  with  two  large  brown  spots  on  costal  margin  and  five  large 
apical  spots. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  with  posterior  mar- 
gin slightly  concave  and  slightly  notched  medially.  Male,  valve  hidden 
by  last  ventral  segment;  plates  strongly  narrowed  from  near  the  base 
to  a  slender  point. 

Distribution:   Not  yet  reported  from  this  state. 
Hosts:  Gibson  and  Cogan  report  taking  specimens  from  elm 
leaves. 


112  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Genus  NIONIA  Ball. 

In  this  genus  the  vertex  is  very  short,  produced  medially 
till  twice  as  long  as  next  the  eye.  Ocelli  distant  from  eyes. 
Pronotum  long,  anterior  margin  produced  beyond  anterior 
margin  of  eyes,  posterior  margin  emarginated  medially, 
coarsely  punctured.  Elytra  moderately  long,  slightly  exceed- 
ing abdomen,  veins  margined  with  lines  of  coarse  deep  punc- 
tures. 

Nionia  palmer i  (Van  D.). 

Goniagnathvs  palmeri  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiii,  p.  171,  1891. 

Ooniagnathus  palmeri  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  529,  1905. 

Goniagnathus  palmeri  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  v,  p.  274,  1905. 

Nionia  palmeri  Ball,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  xxviii,  p.  166,  1915. 

Qoniagnathus  palmeri  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  33,  1916. 

Nionia  palmeri  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  622,  1917. 

.Vionia  palmeri  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  46,  1919. 

Form:  Much  like  a  Mucropsis  in  general  appearance  but  stouter. 
Length,  4  mm.  Vertex  very  short  except  medially  where  it  is  produced 
till  twice  as  long  as  next  the  eye.  Pronotum  with  anterior  margin 
greatly  produced,  reaching  far  beyond  anterior  margin  of  eyes,  lateral 
margins  practically  none,  posterior  margin  emarginate.  Scutellum  large, 
about  as  long  as  wide,  punctate.  Elytra  broad  and  moderately  long, 
nervures  margined  with  coarse  punctures. 

Color:  Shining  black  except  for  brownish  apices  of  elytra,  antennae 
and'  tarsi. 

External  gcnitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  pre- 
ceding, posterior  margin  slightly  produced  medially;  pygofers  broad  and 
short,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  covered  by  last  ventral 
segment,  plates  tapering  to  acute  apices. 

Distribution:    Reported  from  Cherokee,  Pottawatomie  and 
Riley  counties. 
Hosts:  Definite  host  unknown. 

Tribe  JASSINI   (Dohrn). 

This  is  a  very  heterogeneous  tribe,  but  all  its  members  have 
the  ocelli  on  the  margin  of  the  vertex  near  the  eyes,  and  the 
nervures  of  the  elytra  branch  on  the  disc.  « 

Of  the  34  genera  of  the  tribe  known  to  occur  in  America 
north  of  Mexico,  we  have  24  genera  in  Kansas. 

KEY   TO   GENERA. 

A.    Head  flattened,  anterior  margin  thin,  sharp,  or  foliaceous. 
JB.    Head,  at  least  in  female,  strongly  foliaceous. 

C.    Head  about  twice  as  long  as  width  across  the  eyes ;  head 

of  both  male  and  female  foliaceous.      Dorycephalus 

CC.    Head  about  as  long  as  width  across  the  eyes;  head  of 

male  distinctly  less  foliaceous  than  head  of  female. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLIDJE.  113 

A.    Head  flattened — concluded. 

D.  Species  unstriped  or  with  longitudinal  yellow 
stripes  on  vertex  and  pronotum;  females  brachyp- 
terous.  Hecalus. 

DD.    Species  with  converging  red  lines  on  vertex  and 
pronotum,  both   sexes  macropterous. 

Spang  bergie  lla . 
BB.    Head  thin  but  not  foliaceous. 

C.    Greenish  species,  elytra  not  ramosely  pigmented. 

Parabolocratus. 

CC.    Brownish    species,   elytra   more   or   less   ramosely    pig- 
mented. Dicyphonia. 

AA.    Head  not  flattened,  anterior  margin  neither  sharp  nor  foliaceous. 
B.    Vertex  longer  than  wide  or  not  much  wider  than  long,  disc 
flattened,  separated  from  front  by  more  or  less  of  a  distinct 
margin. 

C.    Elytra  with  three  anteapical  cells. 

D.    One  cross  vein  between  sectors  of  elytra. 

Scaphoidcus. 

DD.    Usually  two   cross   veins   between  the   sectors  of 
elytra. 
E.    Vertex  greatly  produced  and  acutely  angled, 

front  long  and  narrow.      Platymetopius. 
EE.    Vertex    moderately    produced,    front    broad, 

clypeus  narrowed  at  tip.     Deltocephalus. 
CC.    Elytra  with  two  anteapical  cells.  Lonatura. 

BB.   Vertex  usually  much  wider  than  long,  disc  sloping  and  margin 
rounding  to  front. 

C.    Inner  sector  of  elytra  twice  forked,  elytra  with  three 
anteapical  cells. 

D.  Inner  branch  of  first  sector  forking  on  disc  of 
corium. 

E.    Elytra  usually  short,  seldom  longer  than  ab- 
domen, often  very  short,  vertex  large. 
F.    Ovipositor  long,  exceeding  pygofers. 

G.    Gray,  or  with  golden  iridescence. 

Aconura. 
GG.    Black  or  dark  species. 

Driotura. 

FF.    Ovipositor  short,   seldom  exceeding  py- 
gofers. Euscelis. 
EE.    Elytra    longer,    usually    distinctly    exceeding 
abdomen;  vertex  smaller. 
F.    Elytra   marked   with   fine    ramose    pig- 
ment lines,  or,  if  not,  with  transverse 
furrow  on  vertex. 

G.  Ramose  lines,  if  present,  restricted 
to  a  cross  band  behind  middle  of 
elytra. 

H.    Elytra  with  one  cross  ner- 
vure  between  sectors. 
Eutettix. 


114  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

A  A.    Head  not  flattened — concluded. 

HH.    Elytra  with  two  cross  ner- 
vures  between  the  sectors  or 
supernumerary    veinlets    to 
costa  or  both. 
I.    Anterior  margin  of  ver- 
tex   rounding   to   front, 
no  black  line  under  ver- 
tex. Aligia. 
II.    Anterior  margin  of  ver- 
tex acutely  angled  with 
front,  black  line  under 
vertex.       Mesamia. 

GG.    Ramose  lines  always  present,  not 
restricted  to  transverse  band. 
Phlepsius. 

FF.    Elytra   not   marked   with    ramose    pig- 
ment lines. 
G.    Elytra  with  apex  pointed. 

Acinopterus. 
GG.    Elytra  with  apex  rounded. 

H.  Vertex  usually  distinctly 
longer  medially  than  next 
the  eye,  sides  of  pronotum 
short;  species  usually  slen- 
der. Thamnotettix 
HH.  Vertex  usually  not  much 
longer  medially  -than  next 
the  eye,  sides  of  pronotum 
longer ;  species  usually 
broad  and  green. 

Chlorotettix. 

DD.    Inner  branch  of  first  sector  not  forked  on  disc  of 
corium. 
E.    Vertex  not  produced,  scutellum  very  large. 

Jassus. 

EE.    Vertex  well  produced,  scutellum  smaller. 

Neoccelidia. 

CC.    Inner  sector  of  elytra  not  forked,  elytra  with  two  ante- 
apical  cells. 

D.    Wing  with  3  apical  cells.  Cicadula. 

DD.    Wing  with  2  apical  cells. 

E.    Head  narrower  than  pronotum. 

Balclutha. 
EE.    Head  wider  than  pronotum. 

Eugnathodus. 

Genus  DORYCEPHALUS  Kirsch. 

This  genus  is  at  once  characterized  by  the  unusually  pro- 
longed foliaceous  vertex.  They  are  grayish  or  brownish,  stick- 
like  insects,  especially  the  brachypterous  forms. 

Both  the  North  American  species  occur  in  Kansas. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  115 

KEY   TO    SPECIES. 

A.    Head  broadly  foliaceous,  elytra  more  than  half  the  length  of  the 

abdomen  in  both  sexes.  platyrhynchus. 

AA.    Head  narrowly  foliaceous,  elytra  less  than  half  the  length  of  the 

abdomen    in   both    sexes.  vanduzei. 

Dorycephalus  platyrhynchus  Osb. 

Dorticcphalus  sp..  Osh.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sei.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  127,  1892. 
Duriifephalux  i>lat)irhtinchu*  Osb.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxvi,  p.  216,  1894. 

Dorycephalus  platyrhynchus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  p.  185,  pi.  20,  fig.  1,  1897. 
Dorycephalus  platyrhynchun  Ball,  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  for  1899,  p.  68,   1900. 
Dorycephalus  platyrhynchus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.   108,  p.  65,  fig.  7, 
1912. 

Dorycephalus  platyrhynchus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  623,  1917. 

Form:  Long  forms,  characterized  by  the  very  broad,  flat  head.  Length, 
female,  14.5  mm. ;  male,  9  mm.  Female,  vertex  about  twice  as  long  as 
width  across  eyes,  very  flat  and  with  a  longitudinal  median  carina.  Prc 
thorax  more  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  with  five  elevated  longitudinal 
ridges,  anterior  margin  sinuate,  lateral  margins  long  and  parallel,  po& 
terior  margin  emarginate  medially.  Elytra  strongly  veined,  extending 
to  fourth  abdominal  segment,  or  longer,  extending  to  last  segment,  leav- 
ing only  a  part  of  the  pygofers  and  ovipositor  exposed.  Abdomen  long 
and  tapering,  ending  in  a  long  ovipositor.  Male,  vertex  shorter,  elytrt 
long,  equalling  the  tip  of  the  pygofers. 

Color:  Female,  pale  yellow,  with  carina  on  vertex  darker,  the  dark 
stripe  sometimes  extending  on  to  the  middle  of  the  pronotum  and  the 
scutellum.  Lateral  portions  of  vertex  and  pronotum  often  mottled  with 
brown.  Visible  abdominal  segments  with  a  pair  of  usually  basal  brown 
spots  dorsally.  Males  darker,  grayish-brown,  vertex  and  pronotum 
mottled  with  brown  in  addition  to  the  median  dark  line. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preced- 
ing, posterior  margin  truncate,  somewhat  sinuate,  with  a  small,  but  dis- 
tinct, rounded  median  tooth;  pygofers  very  long,  tapering  from  broad 
base  to  acute  apex,  much  exceeded  by  the  very  long  and  stout  ovipositor. 
Male,  valve  small,  just  visible  from  under  the  large  last  ventral  segment; 
plates  at  base  about  half  the  width  of  the  last  ventral  segment,  tapering 
rapidly  to  the  long  and  slender  apices;  pygofers  broad  at  base  but  taper- 
ing regularly  to  acute  apex,  the  two  together  forming  a  triangle  about 
twice  as  long  as  the  plates,  bearing  a  scant  covering  of  short  hairs. 

Distribution:  Taken  only  in  Gove  and  Sumner  counties  but 
should  occur  throughout  the  state. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  give  Elymus  canadensis  and  virgini- 
cus  as  the  chief  grass  hosts.  It  also  occurs  on  Aristida. 


116  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Dorycephalus  vanduzei  O.  &  B. 

DoryceplialnM  vnndtizei  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dnv.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  74,  pi.  6,  fig.  2,   1898. 
I)oraff)>liuliix  nmdiizri  Bull,    K.-pt.   la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.   68,   1900. 
Dorycephahm  randuzri  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  216,   1909. 
Doryeephalttg  vanduu-i  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  623,  1917. 

Form :  More  slender  than  the  preceding  species,  being  about  ten  times 
as  long  as  wide.  Length,  female,  13  to  14  mm. ;  male,  8.5  to  12  mm.  Fe- 
male, vertex  about  two  and  a  half  times  as  long  as  width  across  eyes, 
with  three  longitudinal  carinie.  Pronotum  nearly  three-fourths  as  long 
as  wide,  with  three  longitudinal  carinse,  and  posterior  margin  net  quite 
concave  in  front  of  scutellum.  Elytra  strongly  veined,  very  short,  reach- 
ing only  to  third  abdominal  segment.  Abdomen  very  long  and  acutely 
tapering  posteriorly.  Male,  smaller  and  narrower  than  the  female,  elytra 
very  shcrt,  abdomen  long  and  slender,  terminated  by  the  very  long 
pygofers. 

Color:  Female,  straw  yellow,  frequently  unmarked,  often  with  black 
median  spots  on  anterior  and  posterior  margins  of  pronotum  and  apex  of 
scutellum  and  four  on  each  abdominal  segment,  arranged  in  two  dorsal 
and  two  more  lateral  rows.  Male,  darker  than  the  female,  vertex  tipped 
with  black  and  with  basal  black  spot  as  well  as  with  the  spots  on  pro- 
notum and  scutellum,  as  in  the  female. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  long  as 
the  preceding,  posterior  margin  slightly  produced  medially;  pygofers  re- 
markably long,  their  tips  divergent  below,  and  fringed  with  fine  hairs. 
Male,  last  ventral  segment  short,  about  two-thirds  as  long  as  preceding, 
valve  very  small,  triangular,  plates  nearly  as  broad  at  base  as  last  ventral 
segment,  very  long  and  slender  apically;  pygofers  very  long  and  slender, 
over  four  times  as  long  as  the  plates,  divergent  below  for  the  greater  part 
of  their  length,  and  covered  with  fine  hairs. 

Distribution:  Reported  from  Pottawatomie  and  Hamilton 
counties. 

Hosts:  Aristida  purpurea  is  given  as  the  host  plant  by  Os- 
born  and  Ball. 

Genus  HECALUS  Stal. 

In  this  genus  the  females  have  broad,  rather  parallel-mar- 
gined heads  which  are  quite  foliaceous  but  not  to  the  extent 
seen  in  the  two  members  of  Dorycephalus.  The  males  have  a 
much  shorter  and  pointed  head,  not  at  all  or  much  less  folia- 
ceous than  in  the  females. 

One  member  of  this  genus  has  been  taken  in  the  state,  but 
two  should  occur. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Straw  colored  forms,  rarely  striped.  bracteatus. 

AA.    Greenish  forms,  with  longitudinal,  yellowish  or  reddish  stripes. 

lineatus. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  117 

Hecalus  bracteatus  Ball. 

Hecalus  bracteatus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxiii,  p.  4(  1901. 
Hecalus  bracteatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  624,  1917. 

Form:  Females  long  and  oval,  males  smaller,  resembling  a  long- 
headed Deltocephalus.  Length,  females,  7  mm.;  males,  5  mm.  Female, 
head  not  quite  as  long  as  width  across  the  eyes,  margin  foliaceous.  Pro- 
notum  over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  long,  posterior  angles 
slightly  produced,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate  medially.  Elytra 
short,  covering  first  abdominal  segment.  Male,  vertex  roundingly  tri- 
angular, one-third  broader  than  long,  margin  not  at  all  foliaceous. 
Elytra  narrow  and  long,  much  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Females,  straw  colored,  abdomen  with  narrow  median  fuscous 
line  and  four,  broader,  lateral  lines  which  are  bordered  with  fuscous 
lines.  Male,  milky  white,  often  with  five  fuscous  stripes  on  vertex  and 
pronotum.  Broad,  whitish  nervures  of  elytra  thickly  margined  with 
fuscous  dots. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  slightly  longer  than 
preceding,  posterior  segment  broadly  emarginate,  with  very  small  median 
lobe;  pygofers  widest  at  about  one-third  the  distance  from  their  base,  then 
tapering  to  acute  apex  which  equals  the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  large, 
triangular;  plates  broad  at  base;  together  forming  a  triangle  about  as 
long  as  broad,  margins  straight,  armed  with  a  row  of  stout  spines; 
pygofers  small,  much  exceeded  by  the  plates. 

Distribution:    Should  occur  in  western  Kansas. 
Hosts:    A  grass  feeder,  but  definite  host  unknown. 
Hecalus  lineatus  (Uhl.). 

Glossocratus  lineatus  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  463,  1877. 
Glossocratus  fenstratus  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  464,  1877. 
Glossocratus  fenstratus  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  5,  ix,  p.  268,  1879;  x,  p.  -12, 
pi.  1,  fig.  37,  1880. 

Hecalus  lineatus  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  5,  ix,  p.  267,  pi.  7,  fig.  25,  1879. 
Hecalus  lineatus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  188,  pi.  20,  fig.  2,  1897. 
Hecalus  lineattis  Ball,  Rept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  for  1899,  p.  68,  1900. 
Hecalus  lineatus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  64,  fig.  6,  1912. 
Hecalus  lineatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  624,  1917. 

Form:  Intermediate  between  Dorycephalus  and  Spangbergiella. 
Rather  large,  flat  forms,  with  smaller  males.  Length,  female,  10.5  to  13 
mm.;  male,  7  to  8  mm.  Female,  vertex  about  as  long  as  width  across 
eyes,  slightly  narrowed  in  front  of  eyes,  then  widening  to  spoon-shaped 
tip  which  is  quite  foliaceous  and  slightly  reflexed.  Pronotum  over  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  long  and  parallel,  posterior  margin  con- 
cave in  front  of  scutellum.  Scutellum  broad  and  short.  The  elytra  may 
be  short,  leaving  last  three  segments  of  abdomen  exposed,  or  long,  expos- 
ing only  the  pygofers.  In  the  smaller  long-winged  forms,  the  vertex  does 
not  widen  in  front  of  the  eyes  and  is  shorter.  Ovipositor  is  long  and 
exserted.  Male,  vertex  not  as  long  as  width  across  eyes,  more  acute 
anteriorly  and  not  as  foliaceous  as  in  the  females. 


118 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Color:  Bright  green  with  four  parallel  orange-red  lines  on  head,  pro- 
notum  and  scutellum.  Nervures  of  elytra  also  orange-red  and  abdomen 
also  striped.  In  the  long-winged  males  there  is  a  black  band  across  the 
wings  about  medially  and  a  larger  apical  one,  between  which  is  a  white  or 
hyaline  area;  the  pygofers  are  black.  In  the  short-winged  males  there  is 
just  a  suggestion  of  a  black  band  across  the  tips  of  the  wings  and  the 
pygofers  are  often  merely  tipped  with  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than 
preceding  segment,  posterior  margin  sinuate  on  either  side  of  a  short, 
rounding,  median  lobe;  pygofers  broad  at  base,  acute  apically.  greatly 
exceeded  by  the  very  long,  apically  haired  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  very 
small,  triangular;  plates  wide  at  base,  tapering  regularly  to  long,  acute, 
upturned  and  frequently  overlapping  tips;  pygofers  very  characteristic 
of  the  species,  being  very  long  and  style-like,  ending  in  two  widely 
separated  and  acute  apices,  finely  serrate  along  inner  margin  and  bearing, 
laterally,  a  brush  of  long  spines  in  front  of  the  middle,  with  a  few  along 
apical  portion  of  dorsal  margin  and  a  brush  at  the  apex. 

Distribution:  Occurs  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  state,  as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


Genus  SPANGBERGIELLA  Sign. 

This  genus  stands  between  Hecalus  and  Parabolocratus,  the 
head  not  being  as  foliaceous  as  in  the  former  genus,  and  thin- 
ner than  in  the  latter.  The  head  of  the  female  is  much  pro- 
duced and  foliaceous,  but  in  the  male  the  head  is  shorter  and 
thicker.  Very  characteristic  of  the  genus  are  the  bright  red 
converging  lines  on  the  vertex  and  pronotum.  The  elytra  are 
always  long. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  119 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Head    broadly    rounded    anteriorly,    foliaceous    in    female,    oblique 

stripes  of  pronotum  not  in  line  with  those  of  vertex,     vulnerata. 

AA.    Head  distinctly  acute,  not  foliaceous  in  female,  oblique  stripes  of 

pronotum  nearly  in  line  with  those  of  vertex.  mexicana. 

SpangbergieUa  vulnerata  (Uhl.). 

Glossocratus  vulnerata  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  464,  1877. 
Glossocratus  lacertas  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Soc.  Fr.,  ser.  5,  ix,  pi.  8,  fig.  29,  1879. 
SpangbergieUa  vulnerata  Sign.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Fr.,  ser.  5,  ix,  p.  274,  1879. 
SpangbergieUa  vulnerata  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  247,  1884. 
SpangbergieUa  vulnerata  Ball,  Rept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.  68,  1900. 
SpangbergieUa  vulnerata  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  516,  1905. 
SpangbergieUa  vulnerata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  624,  1917. 
Spangbergiella  vulnerata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  50,  1919. 

Form:  Larger  than  following  species,  broad.  Length,  female,  7.25  to 
8  mm. ;  male,  5.5  mm.  Vertex  of  female  about  as  long  as  width  across  the 
eyes,  broadly  rounded  apically  and  foliaceous.  Vertex  of  male  about  two- 
thirds  as  long  as  basal  width  between  eyes,  rounded  apically,  not  at  all 
foliaceous.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  posterior  margin  emarginate 
in  front  of  scutellum,  with  distinct  humeral  margins.  Elytra  long,  leav- 
ing only  tip  of  ovipositor  exposed  and  exceeding  the  abdomen  in  the  male. 

Color:  Greenish  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  with  two  converging  red 
lines  which  start  from  near  the  eyes.  Pronotum  with  median  red  line  on 
posterior  half  and  a  pair  of  converging  lines  which  start  from  the  inner 
angle  of  the  humeral  margin  and  extend  across  to  the  anterior  margin  to 
points  that  divide  the  distance  between  the  bases  of  the  lines  on  the 
vertex  into  equal  thirds.  Scutellum  either  unicolorous  or  with  three  faint 
yellow  stripes.  Elytra  either  unicolorous  or  with  nervures  slightly 
orange-yellow. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preced- 
ing, truncate  posteriorly;  pygofers  acutely  tapering  posteriorly,  exceeded 
by  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  small,  rounded,  plates  broad  at  base,  tapering 
to  long  acute  tips,  margins  with  few  spines  near  the  base;  pygofers  acute 
apically,  slightly  longer  than  plates,  covered  with  coarse  spines. 

Distribution:    Collected  in  Labette  county. 
Hosts:    Probably  a  grass  feeder. 

SpangbergieUa  mexicana  Bak. 

Spangbergiella  rnrxwann  Bak.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxix,  p.  157,   1897. 
SpangbergieUa  mexicana  Barb.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist,,  xxxiii,  p.  533,  1914. 
SpangbergieUa  rulnerata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  36,  1916. 
Spangbergiella  mexicana  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  625,  1917. 
SpangbergieUa  mexicana  DeL.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  233,  1918. 
Spangbergiellu  mexicaua  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  50,   1919. 

Form:  Smaller  than  vulnerata.  Length,  5  to  6.5  mm.  Vertex  about 
as  long  as  basal  width,  shorter  in  the  male,  acutely  pointed,  not  at  all 
foliaceous.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  broad  as  long,  narrowed  ante- 
riorly, humeral  margins  distinct,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave. 
Elytra  long,  reaching  ovipositor  in  female,  exceeding  abdomen  in  male. 


120  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Color:  Pale  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  with  two  oblique  red  lines, 
nearly  in  line  with  a  pair  on  pronotum  which  also  bears  a  median  basal 
red  line.  Elytra  with  veins,  except  apical  ones,  yellow  or  red,  with 
black  dots  at  end  of  claval  suture,  a  pair  near  inner  and  outer  margins 
apically  and  sometimes  one  almost  two-thirds  back  on  costal  margin. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  posterior  margin  slightly  rounding;  acutely  tapering  pygofers 
much  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  both  pygofers  and  ovipositor  with  a  few 
stout  spines.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  broader  and  longer  than  pre- 
ceding, widest  posteriorly  and  with  posterior  margin  broadly  concave; 
valve  small  and  triangular ;  plates  about  half  as  wide  basally  as  last  ven- 
tral segment,  sinuately  tapering  to  acute  upturned  apices,  margined  with 
stout  spines;  pygofers  broad,  much  exceeding  plates,  separated  ventrally 
at  apex  and  covered  with  stout  spines. 

Distribution:  Seemingly  more  abundant  than  preceding 
species.  Specimens  have  been  taken  in  Cherokee,  Douglas,  Mc- 
Pherson  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:   Taken  on  grasses  in  rather  open  woods. 

Genus  PARABOLOCRATUS  Fieb. 

The  members  of  this  genus  differ  from  the  preceding  genera 
of  the  Dorydiaria  in  not  having  foliaceous  heads,  which  in- 
stead are  parabolic  in  outline  in  the  female,  produced  angu- 
larly, and  in  the  male,  wider  than  long.  They  are  uniformly 
greenish  or  yellowish-green  species,  with  both  brachypterous 
and  macropterous  females  and  macropterous  males. 

Three  of  the  North  American  species  should  occur  in  the 
state,  two  of  which  have  been  collected  here. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Female   vertex  broadly  rounded;   male   vertex   with   thin   margins 

often  lined  with  black  beneath.  viridis. 

AA.    Female  vertex  more  or  less  angulate;  male  vertex  with  thicker  mar- 
gins and  never  lined  with  black  beneath. 
B.    Female  vertex  thin-margined;  males  yellowish-green,  over  5 

mm.  in  length.  flavidus. 

BB.    Female  vertex  thick  margined;  male  brownish-green,  less  than 

4  mm.  in  length.  brunneus. 

Parabolocratus  viridis  (Uhl.). 

Glossocratus  viridis  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  462,   1877. 
Gypona  reverta  (Uhler  MS.),  Hayden's  Surv.  Tenn.,  Rept.  for  1870,  p.  472,  1872. 
Parabolocntus  viridis  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  5,  ix,  p.  275,  pi.  8,  fig.  30,  1879. 
Selenocephalu*  cyperacee  (Fitch  MS.)  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  5,  ix,  pp.  88,  275. 
1879. 

I'araboloc rai.ua  viridis  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  175,  1892. 
Parabolocratus  riridis  G.  &  B.,  Heniip.  Colo.,  p.  84,  1895. 

Parabolocratus  viridis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  189,  pi.  21,  fig.  1,  1897. 
Parnbolocratug  viridis  Ball,  Rept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.  71,  1900. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID>E. 


121 


1'arabolccratus  riridis  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  515,  1905. 
I'arabolncratvs  viridix  Gibs.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  68,  fig.  8,  19V-i. 
Parabolocratus  viridis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  37.  1916. 
rarabolocratus  viridis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  625,  1917. 

Form:  The  largest  of  the  members  of  this  genus.  Length,  females,  6 
to  8.25  mm. ;  males,  5  to  6  mm.  Vertex  of  female  broadly  rounding,  thin- 
margined,  two-thirds  as  long  as  width  between  eyes.  Vertex  of  male 
distinctly  angular,  thin-margined,  about  two-thirds  as  wide  as  long. 
Pronotum  over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  long  and  parallel, 
humeral  margins  distinct,  posterior  margin  emarginate.  Scutellum  large 
and  broad.  Elytra  of  female  either  short  and  broad,  exposing  last  two 
segments  of  abdomen,  or  long  and  narrower,  just  showing  ovipositor, 
apically  broadly  rounded.  Elytra  of  male  long  and  narrow,  exceeding 
abdomen. 

Color:  Yellowish-green,  with  nervures  of  elytra  a  bright  green. 
Vertex  of  male  often  with  black  line  under  margin. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  vential  segment  longer  than  preced- 
ing, lateral  margins  parallel,  posterior  margin  rounded,  with  sometimes 
a  wide  but  very  short  lobe  on  median  third;  pygofers  tapering  acutely, 
exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preced- 
ing, widest  posteriorly;  valve  small  and  triangular;  plates  wide  basally, 
tapering  suddenly  at  basal  third  and  then  evenly  to  long  acute  tips,  median 
half  of  lateral  margins  with  coarse  spines;  pygofers  broad,  separated 
ventrally  at  the  apices,  exceeding  the  plates  and  covered  with  spines. 

Distribution:  Found  throughout  the  northern  and  eastern 
portions  of  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map  : 


CHtrriW 

E   RAALINS 

DECATu 

NO*. 

PHILL 

SriTH 

Jt.VE.L 

REPUD 

WASH 

HARSH 

NCH. 

h'Jl 

•  

3 

L 

A 

SHIRHA 

N    THOHAS 

SH:P; 

GRAM 

ROOKS 

OSS 

MITCH 

CLOUD 

\> 
CUW    = 

DICK  J: 

1- 

*~n 

—  ' 

TC«> 

EFf  LEA 

WALLACt 

LOGAN 

GOVE 

TREGO 

CLLIS 

PUSS 

LNC 

OT1LAVM 

SHAW*-- 
OSAOE 

corrci 

p-L 

DOU6 

PI 

CLL5YY 

SALINE 

GREUT 

ma 

5;a:r 

LflNE 

NESS 

RUSH 

BARTW 

RICE, 

ri'PHER 

HA 

R10N|  CHASE 

L«M 

FSASK 

nixm 

HAH 

(CAR. 

"' 

^ 

HODGE 

PAWNEC 
1  . 

twl 

|STAF 

RENO 

HARVCr 

MM 

Ll^'V 

* 

row 

BUTLER 

M 

WJOD 

ALLEN 

30UR 

STAN. 

ma 

HASK 

«*»* 

PPATT 

KING. 

SCDGE 

ELK 

»VILSON 

NEOS 

CRAW 

nORT  s 

rev. 

JEW 

™ 

aw 

CCrtAN. 

BARSEf 

HASP 

SJ«8 

co.v 

LHAdT 

HONT 

LAB 

of, 

Hosts:    A  grass  feeder.     Taken  by  the  writer  on  coarse 
grasses  on  low  land. 


122 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Parabolocratus  ftavidus  Sign. 


I'arabolocratx*  flat-Ma*  Sign.,  Ann.  Soc.  Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  5,  ix,  p.  276,  pi.  8,  fig.  31,  1870. 
I'arnbotocratiiH  flaridus  Ball,  Kept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.  71,  1900. 
]'(ir(ibol(><-r(itn.t  flavidvs  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  37,  1916. 
I'atalwlocratitx  flaritlttt  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  625,   1919. 
Parabolocratu*  flavidus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  8,  p.  183,  1918. 
Parabolocratus  flavidus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  48,  1919. 

Fortn:  Somewhat  narrower  than  viridis.  Length,  5  to  6.25  mm.  Ver- 
tex in  both  sexes  distinctly  angularly  produced,  about  three-fourths  as 
long  as  wide,  concave,  margins  rather  sharp.  Pronotum  characteristic 
of  the  genus.  Elytra  long,  exceeding  the  abdomen,  frequently  a  black 
spot  at  tip  of  clavus  and  another  at  tip  of  inner  apical  cell. 

Color:  Yellowish-green.  Elytra  with  greenish  nervures  and  frequently 
with  brownish  apices.  Tip  of  ovipositor  reddish. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  long,  posterior 
margin  roundingly  produced;  pygofers  short,  much  exceeded  by  the 
spiny-tipped  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  very  small,  triangular;  plates  broad 
at  base,  spiny,  lateral  margins  concavely  tapering  to  long  acute  tips; 
pygofers  much  exceeding  plates  and  thickly  covered  with  long  spines. 

Distribution:  Fairly  common  over  the  state,  as  shown  by 
the  following  map : 


Hosts:   Taken  on  coarse  grasses  on  low  land. 
Parabolocratus  brunneus  Ball. 

Parabolocratus  brvnneus  Ball.,  Kept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.  71,   1900. 
Parabolocratus  brunneue  Van  D.,  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  626,  1917. 

Form:  Smaller  than  other  members  of  the  genus.  Length,  female, 
6  mm.;  male,  3.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex  relatively  shorter  than  in  preceding 
species,  but  in  both  sexes  the  margin  is  quite  thick.  The  elytra  may  either 
reach  the  last  ventral  abdominal  segment,  or,  in  some  females,  cover 
about  two-thirds  of  the  abdomen,  the  nervures  always  distinct. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLIDjE.  123 

Color:  Female,  pale  green,  nervures  of  elytra  greenish,  ovipositor 
tipped  with  red.  Male,  pale  green,  most  of  pronotum  and  elytra  brownish, 
nervures  of  elytra  darker  brown. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  posterior  margin  truncate,  with  a  very  small  median  lobe; 
pygofers  longer  than  in  flavidus  but  much  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor. 
Male,  valve  very  small,  triangular;  plates  tapering  suddenly  near  base 
and  then  extending  into  long  and  slender  apical  processes,  margins  bear- 
ing a  few  spines;  pygofers  long,  bearing  many  long  brown  spines. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  not  yet  been  reported  from 
Kansas  but  should  be  taken  in  the  western  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  Doctor  Ball  described  this  species  from  specimens 
taken  from  Distichlis  maritima. 

Genus  DICYPHONIA  Ball. 

In  this  genus  the  head  is  as  long  or  slightly  longer  than  the 
width  between  the  eyes.  The  vertex  is  narrower  than  in 
Parabolocratiis,  the  apex  obtusely  rounding  in  the  female, 
rather  acute  in  the  male,  the  disc  concave,  and  the  margins 
sharp.  The  pronotum  is  about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  broadly 
rounding  in  front,  emarginate  posteriorly,  and  with  long  lat- 
eral margins.  The  elytra  are  short  in  the  female,  long  in  the 
male.  The  genus  includes  brownish  forms,  due  to  ramose  pig- 
mentation. 

The  single  species  belonging  to  this  genus  occurs  in  Kansas. 

Dicyphonia  ornata  (Bak.) . 

Platymetopius  ornatus  Bak.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  49,  1900. 

Dicyphonia  Tamentosa  Ball,  Kept.  la.  Acad.  Sci.  for  1899,  p.  69,  pi.  5,  figs.  1-5,  1900. 

Dicyphonia  ornata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  626,  1917. 

Form:  Females  large  and  robust.  Length,  6.25  to  7  mm.  Males  smaller, 
like  Platymetopius  in  general  appearance.  Length,  4  mm.  Female,  ver- 
tex long  and  narrow,  longer  than  wide,  obtusely-rounding  apically,  an- 
terior margin  elevated,  disc  concave.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  wide  as 
long.  Elytra  either  covering  abdomen  entirely  or  only  half  way.  Male, 
vertex  a  little  longer  than  wide,  more  pointed  than  in  female,  elytra 
always  completely  covering  abdomen,  strongly  flaring  apically. 

Color:  Female,  creamy  yellow,  vertex  with  a  broad,  irregular  brown 
band  which  extends  on  to  the  pronotum  and  scutellum.  These  also  have 
brown  markings  laterally,  and  the  elytra  show  ramose,  brown  markings. 
Exposed  portion  of  abdomen  striped  with  brown.  Males  either  like 
female  except  for  dark  brown  apices  of  elytra,  or,  more  usually,  with 
all  the  markings  much  darker  and  heavier,  giving  the  insect  a  dark 
brown  or  black  appearance  with  triangular  light  markings,  most  con- 
spicuous of  which  are  three  large  costal  and  several  smaller  hyaline  spots 
on  the  apical  half  of  the  elytra. 


124  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

External  genitdlia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  the 
preceding,  posterior  margin  truncate  except  for  small  median  projection ; 
pygofers  short,  bearing  a  very  few  spines,  much  exceeded  by  the  very 
long  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  hidden  by  last  ventral  segment;  plates  to- 
gether about  half  as  wide  as  last  ventral  segment,  sinuately  narrowed 
laterally  to  long,  acute  apices;  pygofers  together  forming  a  triangle  a 
little  wider  than  long,  bearing  a  few  long  spines. 

Distribution:  Occurs  in  western  Kansas.  Specimens  have 
been  taken  in  Decatur  and  Greeley  counties. 

Hosts:  Doctor  Ball  gives  Sporobolus  cryptandrus  as  the  host. 
Genus  SCAPHOIDEUS  Uhl. 

Prof.  Herbert  Osborn  states  that  the  most  important  char- 
acters of  this  genus  are  "the  deeply  sinuate  occiput,  the  long 
antennae,  the  large  lorae,  approximate  to  margin  of  cheeks 
(except  in  sanctus  group),  the  narrow  vertex,  the  width  and 
length  of  which  are  usually  about  equal,  and  the  recurved 
nodal  or  costal  veins.  The  clypeus  is  usually  widened  at  tip, 
and  for  the  more  typical  members  of  the  genus  the  outer  ante- 
apical  cell  is  narrowed  behind,  becoming  pointed,  and,  in  some 
species,  stylate." 

Of  the  nine  species  keyed  below,  six  have  been  taken  and 
the  other  three  should  occur  in  the  state. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES  * 

A.    Lora3  remote  from  the  margin  of  the  cheeks;  common  elytral  pic- 
ture cruciate;  claval  vein  straight,  meeting  suture  at  acute  angle. 

sanctus. 

AA.    Lorae  contiguous  to  or  merging  with  border  of  cheeks-;  elytral  pic- 
ture not  cruciate,  outer  claval  vein  curved  or  hooked  at  the  distal 
end. 
B.    Postnodal  cell  scarcely  widened  distally. 

C.    Nodal  vein  arising  from  discal  cell,  transverse  orange 
band  on  vertex  and  a  black  one  just  before. 

auronitens. 
CC.    Nodal  vein,  arising  from  anteapical  cell. 

D.    Vertex  flat  with  transverse  impressed  line. 

jucimdus. 
DD.    Vertex  convex,  without  impressed  line. 

scalaris. 
BB.    Postnodal  cell  much  widened  distally. 

C.    Outer  claval  not  strongly  hooked  at  distal  end,  cross 
nervure  to  claval  suture  indistinct  or  wanting. 
D.    Outer  claval  sinuate,  approaching  inner  near  its 

middle,  marked  with  fuscous.  productus. 

DD.    Outer  claval  nearly  straight  and  parallel  to  inner, 

curved  at  tip.  intricatus. 

*  Adapted  from  key  by  Professor  Osborn,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  250,  1910. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  125 

AA.    Lorae  contiguous — concluded. 

CC.    Outer  claval  strongly  hooked  at  distal  end,  usually  with 
distinct  cross  nervure  from  outer  claval  to  claval  suture. 
D.    No  distinct  cross  veins  between  claval  veins. 

immistus. 
DD.    A  distinct  cross  vein  between  claval  veins. 

E.    Outer  claval  approximating  claval  suture  pos- 
teriorly,   face    black.  melanotus. 

EE.    Outer  claval  remote  from  claval  suture  pos- 
teriorly, elytra  entirely  gray. 

cinerosus. 

Scaphoideus  sanctus   (Say). 

Jassus  sanctus  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  307,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii,  p.  38:i 

Scaphoideus  picturatus  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  v,  p.  243,  1898. 

Scaphoideus  picturatus  Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  six,  p.  193,  1900. 

Scaphoideus  sanctus  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  251,  1910. 

Scaphoideus  sanctus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  55,  1916. 

Scaphoideus  sanctus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  629,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  4  to  5  mm.  Vertex  slightly  shorter  than  width  be- 
tween the  eyes,  quite  angulate.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
anterior  margin  convex,  posterior  margin  truncate  or  slightly  concave, 
lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long.  Elytra  long,  much 
exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Vertex  whitish  or  yellowish  with  two  small  brown  spots  near 
ape~x,  one  back  of  each  ocellus,  and  with  a  brown  median  line.  Pronotum 
yellowish-brown  except  for  white  rectangular  spot  on  disc,  the  posterior 
half  darker.  Scutellum  yellow.  Elytra  white,  with  large  brown  cruci- 
form mark  on  middle,  the  arms  enclosing  a  white  spot  and  extending  to 
the  costal  margin ;  apical  third  irregularly  marked  with  brown  spots. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  posterior  margin  with  large,  long,  lateral  lobes  between  which 
is  a  pair  of  shorter  lobes  separated  by  a  median  notch;  pygofers  long 
and  narrow,  widest  at  the  middle,  with  spines  on  posterior  two-thirds, 
slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  large,  posterior  margin 
roundingly  produced;  plates  wide  and  long,  exceeding  pygofers,  spined 
laterally  and  tapering  to  obtuse  apices,  each  with  a  black  disc  basally; 
pygofers  spiny  and  short. 

Distribution:  Not  yet  reported  from  the  state,  but  should 
be  taken  in  the  eastern  part. 

Hosts:  De  Long  reports  taking  specimens  from  wild  rose. 
Scaphoideus  auronitens  Prov. 

Jassus  areatus  (Harris  MS.)  in  Hitchcock,  Geol.  Mass.,  edn.  2,  p.  580,  1835. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  277,  1889. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  194,  1900. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  524,  190.">. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  254,   1910. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  115,  1915. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  56,  1916. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  Van  D.,  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  630,  1917. 

Scaphoideus  auronitens  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  66,   1919. 


126  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

Form:  Length,  4.5  to  5.75  mm.  Vertex  wider  than  long,  not  as 
pointed  apically  as  in  sanctiis.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
quite  convex  anteriorly,  slightly  concave  posteriorly,  lateral  margins 
long,  about  the  length  of  the  humeral  margins;  elytra  long,  nodal  vein 
arising  from  the  discal  cell,  postnodal  cell  scarcely  widened  distally. 

Color:  Vertex  yellowish-white  with  very  characteristic  broad  orange 
band  across  middle  in  front  of  which  is  a  short  black  band,  and  also  a 
larger  one  parallel  with  the  anterior  margin.  Pronotum  with  orange 
band  on  anterior  margin  and  a  fainter  one  on  the  posterior  half,  parallel 
to  the  posterior  margin.  Scutellum  with  the  basal  angles  dull  orange, 
the  disc  darkened  medially.  Elytra  brownish,  nervures  darker,  three 
spots  on  clavus  along  median  suture,  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  nearly  four  times 
as  long  as  preceding  one,  cleft  by  broad  excision,  reaching  nearly  to  the 
base,  into  two  large  rounding  lateral  lobes;  the  spiny  pygofers  are  long 
and  narrow,  exceeded  slightly  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  broad  and 
short,  truncate  posteriorly,  or  with  very  small  median  tooth;  plates  large 
and  broad,  obtuse  apically  and  with  an  impressed  line  parallel  to  the 
lateral  margin  which  is  covered  with  long  silky  hairs;  long,  membranous 
and  hairy  tail-like  structures  terminate  the  plates;  spiny  pygofers  long 
and  narrow,  much  exceeding  plates. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Douglas,  Pottawatomie  and  Riley 
counties. 

Hosts:  Professor  Osborn  gives  Geranium  Robertianum  as 
a  host.  De  Long  reports  taking  it  on  canebrake. 

Scaphoideus  jucundus  Uhl. 

Scaphoideus  jucundus  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  34.  1889. 
Scaphoideus  jucundus  Osb.,  Jl.  Ginc.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  195,  1900. 
Scaphoideus  jucundus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  524,  1905. 
Scaphoideus  jucundus  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  254,  1910. 
Scaphoideus  jucundus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  114,   1915. 
Scaphoideus  jucundus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  56,  1916. 
Scaphoideus  jucundus  Van  D.,  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  630,  1917. 
Scaphoideus  jucundus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  68,  1919. 

Form:  Larger  than  preceding  species.  Length,  5  to  6  mm.  Vertex 
wider  than  long,  flat,  with  transverse  impressed  line,  roundingly  angled 
anteriorly.  Pronotum  twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  long,  an- 
teriorly convex,  posteriorly  slightly  concave.  Elytra  long  and  somewhat 
flaring  posteriorly,  nodal  vein  arising  from  discal  cell,  postnodal  cell 
scarcely  widened  posteriorly. 

Color:  Orange-yellow  marked  with  white.  Vertex  with  median  line, 
six  spots  near  anterior  margin  of  pronotum,  two  spots  on  sides,  apex  and 
two  lines  on  disc  of  scutellum  and  several  spots  on  elytra,  white. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  preceding  one,  posterior  margin  rounded  and  medially  produced; 
pygofers  long  and  narrow,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  spiny  on  pos- 
terior half.  Male,  valve  triangular,  narrow  but  long;  plates  long,  some- 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  127 

what  fine  haired,  truncate  tips  bearing  membranous  tails  which  are  much 
shorter  than  in  auronitens,  lateral  margins  spined;  pygofers  long  and 
narrow,  much  exceeding  plates,  spiny  on  posterior  half. 

Distribution:  This  species  though  not  yet  taken  in  the  state, 
should  occur  in  the  eastern  portion. 
Hosts:  De  Long  reports  it  on  oak. 

Scaphoideus  scalaris  Van  D. 


Scaphoid  e'i 
Scaphoidet 
Scaphoideu 
Scaphoideu 
Scaphoideu 
Scaphoidei 
Scaphoid 


scalaris  Van  D.,  Ent.  Am.,  vi,  p.  51,  1890. 
scalaris  Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  198,  1900. 
scalaris  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  523,  1905. 
scalaris  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ix,  p.  464,  1909;  xi,  p.  255,  1910. 
scalaris  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  114,  1915. 
scalaris  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17.  p.  56,  1916. 
scalaris  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  631,  1917. 
scalaris  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  67,  1919. 


Form:  Length,  5  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  as  long  as  wide,  quite  annulate 
anteriorly.  Pronotum  with  anterior  margin  very  convex,  posterior  mar- 
gin slightly  concave.  Elytra  much  exceeding  abdomen,  nodal  vein  rising 
from  anteapical  cell,  postnodal  cell  scarcely  widened  distally. 

Color:  Grayish-brown.  Vertex  light,  marked  with  brown  lines, 
median  spot  near  apex,  preapical  marginal  lines  and  ocelli  appearing 
white,  as  does  the  portion  between  the  brown  lines  on  the  basal  portion. 
Pronotum  having  mottled  appearance.  Scutellum  frequently  appearing 
to  have  six  light  spots.  Elytra  with  three  very  characteristic  light  spots 
on  claval  suture,  nervures  dark. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  three  times  as  long 
as  preceding,  lateral  angles  broadly  rounding  to  nearly  truncate,  slightly 
excised  posterior  margin;  pygofers  long,  widest  near  middle,  spiny  on 
distal  half,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  small,  broadly 
triangular;  plates  wide  and  short,  slightly  haired  marginally,  about  half 
as  long  as  spiny  pygofers  and  tipped  with  membranous  tails  reaching  to 
tips  of  pygofers. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 
Hosts:    Osborn  records  a  single  specimen  from  Maine  "on 
blueberry."    It  of  course  has  some  other  host  in  Kansas. 

Scaphoideus  productus  Osb. 

Scaphoidfiis  productus  Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  200,  1900. 
Scaphoideus  productus  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  258,   1*910. 
Scaphoideus  productus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  115,  1915. 
Scaphoideus  productus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  632,   1917. 
Scaphoideus  productus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.   199,  p.  68,   1919. 

Form :  Larger  than  preceding  species.  Length,  5.5  to  6  mm.  Vertex 
nearly  as  long  as  wide,  disc  flat,  apex  acutely  pointed.  Pronotum  more 
than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  convex,  posterior  margin 
slightly  concave,  lateral  margins  slightly  longer  than  humeral.  Elytra 


128  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

with  postnodal  cell  much  widened  distally,  outer  claval  not  strongly- 
hooked  at  distal  end  and  approaching  inner  claval  near  its  middle. 

Color:  Vertex  yellowish-white,  with  a  broad  brown  band  which  is  pro- 
duced medially  to  meet  a  darker  marginal  band.  Pronotum  and  scutellum 
whitish,  irregularly  marked  with  brown.  Elytra  whitish  with  fuscous 
patches  and  dark  nervures,  giving  them  a  general  brown  appearance. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  preceding,  lateral  angles  rounded,  posterior  margin  produced  medially 
and  with  a  small  median  notch;  pygofers  long,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovi- 
positor, bearing  bunches  of  spines  at  middle  and  near  apex.  Male,  valve 
short;  plates  broad  and  short,  obliquely  truncate,  less  than  half  the 
length  of  the  long,  somewhat  spiny  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  and  Pottawatomie  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:  Osborn  reports  sweeping  specimens  from  blueberry 
in  Maine.  Kansas  host  unknown. 

Scaphoideus  intricatus  Uhl. 

Scaphoideus  intricatus  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  34,  1889. 
Scaphoideus  intricatus  Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  202,  1900. 
Scaphoideus  intricatus  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  525,  1905. 
Scaphoideus  intricatus  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  258,  1910. 
Scaphoideus  intricatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  58,  1916. 
Scaphoideus  intricatvs  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  632,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  4.75  to  6  mm.  Vertex  slightly  longer  than  wide,  flat, 
acutely  pointed.  Pronotum  short,  humeral  margins  long.  Elytra  with 
postnodal  cell  widened  distally,  outer  claval  nearly  straight  and  parallel 
to  inner. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  yellowish -white.  Vertex  with 
brown  marginal  and  an  irregular  transverse  band.  Pronotum  with  large 
median  brown  band  on  anterior  margin  and  two  large  brown  ones  on 
posterior  margin.  Scutellum  with  three  basal  brown  spots.  Elytra 
whitish  or  hyaline  with  brown  spots  and  dark  brown  nervures,  with  three 
white  spots  on  clavus  along  suture. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  preceding,  truncate  posteriorly,  very  slightly  produced  medially; 
pygofers  long  and  narrow,  nearly  equalling  ovipositor,  a  patch  of  brown 
bristles  near  the  apex  and  whitish  scattered  bristles  near  the  middle. 
Male,  valve  broad  and  roundingly  angulate  posteriorly;  plates  broad  and 
long,  nearly  equalling  pygofers,  margined  with  a  few  silky  hairs;  py- 
gofers with  tuft  of  black  bristles  near  apex. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county  only. 

Hosts:  De  Long  has  swept  specimens  from  weeds.  Profes- 
sor Osborn  mentions  clover,  Carnus,  grape  and  Cratxgus  as 
host  plants. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLIOE.  129 

Scaphoideus  immistus   (Say). 

(PI.   11,  figs.  1-2.) 

Jassus  immistus  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  306,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  382. 

Scaphoideus  immistus  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  33,  1889. 
Scaphoideus  immistus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  94,  1895. 
Scaphoideus  immistus  Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  204,  1900. 
Scaphoideus  immistus  Osb.  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  525,  1905. 
Scaphoideus  immistus  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  259,  1910. 
Scaphoideu    immistus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  116,  1915. 
Scaphoideu    immistus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  58,  1916. 
Kcaphoideu    immistus  Va-n  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  632,  1917. 
Scaphoideu    immistus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  183,  1918. 
Scaphoideu    immistus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  69,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  4.75  to  6  mm.  Vertex  about  as  long  as  broad,  flat, 
somewhat  obtusely  angled.  Pronotum  with  anterior  margin  produced 
medially,  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Elytra  with  postnodal  cell  widened 
distally,  with  two  to  four  oblique  reflexed  veins  from  outer  anteapical 
cell  to  costal  margin  and  with  no  distinct  cross  veins  between  claval 
veins. 

Color:  Vertex  white  with  narrow  black  or  brown  marginal  line  and  a 
broad,  transverse,  brown  band  with  a  median  tooth.  Face  white,  two 
black  lines  on  upper  part.  Pronotum  brown  with  faint  whitish  trans- 
verse band  in  front  of  middle.  Scutellum  white,  with  three  fuscous 
bands,  the  apical  half  usually  light.  Elytra  brown  with  darker  nervures 
and  scattered  white  spots,  of  which  usually  two  are  on  the  clavus  along 
suture. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  pre- 
ceding, posterior  margin  somewhat  produced,  black,  and  often  slightly 
notched  medially;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  bearing  a  few  scattered 
bristles  till  near  the  apex,  where  each  bears  two  tufts  of  long  black 
bristles;  ovipositor  exceeding  the  pygofers.  Male,  valve  short,  plates 
broad  but  short,  obtusely  pointed,  spiny  margined,  much  exceeded  by  the 
long  pygofers,  each  of  which  bears  two  bunches  of  long,  black  bristles 
preapically. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  short,  with  long  process  for  attach- 
ment to  connective  equalling  anterior  end,  a  rounding  lobe  laterally  past 
middle,  terminating  in  an  acute,  outwardly  curved  apex;  connective 
Y-shaped,  the  arms  very  short  and  curved,  the  stem  long  and  thickened 
basally;  cedagus  with  a  short,  thick,  knobbed  process  for  attachment  to 
anal  tube  and  two  long  obtusely  pointed  caudal  processes. 


9— Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


130 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:    Our  commonest  member  of  the  genus,  well 
distributed  over  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Van  Duzee  reports  it  on  witch  hazel.  Professor 
Osborn  gives  willow  as  a  host.  This  is  its  food  in  Kansas.  It 
is  frequently  taken  at  lights. 


Scaphoideus  melanotus  Osb. 


Scaphoideus 
Scaphoideus 


lelanotit 


Scaphoideus  mflanotu 
Scaphoideus  melanotu 
Scaphoideus  melanotu 


Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  206,  1900. 
Wirtn.,  Ann.  Cam.  Mus.,  iii,  p.  224,  1904. 
Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  259,  1910. 
DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  59,  1916. 
Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  633,  1917. 


Form:  Length,  5  to  5.25  mm.  Vertex  about  as  long  as  basal  width, 
flat  or  slightly  concave,  apex  obtuse.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  posterior  slightly  concave,  lateral 
margins  short.  Elytra  with  postnodal  cell  much  widened  distally,  a  dis- 
tinct cross  vein  between  clavals  and  the  outer  claval  approximating 
claval  suture  posteriorly. 

Color:  Vertex  white,  with  narrow  brown  marginal  band,  heavier 
brown  transverse  band  which  is  produced  medially,  and  a  black  border  on 
posterior  margin  medially.  Face  black.  Pronotum  white  with  light 
brown  anterior  band  and  broken  posterior  band,  with  large  dark  brown 
spots  laterally.  Scutellum  white  with  three  large  light  brown  basal  spots 
and  two  small  black  preapical  ones.  Elytra  brown  with  three  large 
white  spots  along  suture  and  others  irregularly  placed. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  preceding,  posterior  portion  black,  posterior  margin  produced,  with 
narrow  but  distinct  median  notch;  pygofers  widest  at  the  middle,  much 
exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  bristled  except  for  two  preapical  tufts. 
Male,  valve  barely  visible  from  under  broad  and  long  last  ventral  seg- 
ment; plates  a  little  over  half  as  long  as  pygofers,  scarcely  tapering  to 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  131 

obtuse,  separated  apices,  with  few  marginal  bristles;  pygofers  long  and 
slender,  sparsely  bristled. 

Distribution:    Taken  in   Douglas,   Cherokee  and  Pottawa- 
tomie  counties. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 

Scaphoideus  cinerosus  Osb. 

Scaphoideus  cinerosus  Osb.,  Jl.  Cine.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  xix,  p.  525,  1905. 
Scaphoideus  cinerosus  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  xi,  p.  259,  1910. 
Scaphoideus  cinerosus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  633,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  4  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex  nearly  as  long  aa  basal  width, 
disc  flat,  apex  rather  acute.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  wide  as  long. 
Anterior  margin  quite  convex,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave,  lateral 
margins  rather  short,  humeral  margins  longer.  Elytra  with  outer  claval 
strongly  hooked  at  distal  end,  and  with  cross  veins  to  inner  claval  and 
claval  suture,  and  not  approximating  claval  suture  posteriorly. 

Color:  Light  ashy-gray.  Vertex  white  with  narrow  black  marginal 
line  and  a  brown  transverse  line  between  the  anterior  margin  of  the 
eyes.  Pronotum  light  gray,  marked  with  brown  on  anterior  margin  and 
several  brown  spots  along  posterior  margin.  Scutellum  white,  with  three 
broad  brown  stripes  and  two  black  spots  on  each  lateral  margin.  Elytra 
whitish  with  dark  brown  nervures  and  several  cells  spotted  or  irrorate 
with  the  same  color. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  preceding,  posterior  margin  black  medially,  roundingly  and  medially 
produced  and  with  a  small  median  notch;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  ex- 
ceeded by  ovipositor,  with  scattered  bristles  and  two  tufts  on  each  side 
near  the  apex. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county  only. 
Hosts:    Unknown. 

Genus  PLATYMETOPIUS  Burm. 

This  genus  is  characterized  by  its  long  pointed  vertex,  nar- 
row front,  and  characteristic  venation.  The  elytra  have  three 
anteapical  and  five  apical  cells,  two  cross  veins  between  the 
first  and  second  sectors,  and  eight  to  ten  oblique  veins  in  the 
costal  cell.  They  are  also  marked  with  fine  brown  pigment 
lines,  and  the  cells,  especially  the  anteapical  and  apical,  may 
contain  oval  white  spots. 

Only  five  species  of  this  genus  have  been  taken  in  Kansas. 


132  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Vertex  flat,  not  channeled  toward  its  apex,  anterior  margin  round- 
ing to  the  front;  elytra  without  white  areolar  spots,      dorsalis. 
AA.    Vertex  more  or  less  channeled  toward  the  apex,  anterior  edge  thin, 
acute  or  subacute. 
B.    Face  pale  or  yellow,  usually  infuscated  at  base  and  sides. 

C.  Markings  of  vertex  in  the  form  of  lineations,  usually  a 
pale  median  line  and  a  faint,  slightly  divergent  one 
.  either  side. 

D.    Face  distinctly  infuscated  at  sides;  elytral  mark- 
ings distinct;  length,  5  mm.  acutus. 
DD.    Face  obscurely  infuscated  at  sides:  elytral  mark- 
ings indistinct;  length,  4  mm.  or  less. 

cinereus. 
CC.    Markings  of  vertex  in  form  of  a  broken  transverse  vitta, 

median  line  short  and  apical.  frontalis. 

BB.    Face  entirely  brown  or  fuscous.  scriptus. 

Platymetopius  dorsalis  Ball. 

i'latymetopius  frontalis  var.  dorsalis  Ball,  Ent.  News,  xx,  p.  164,  1909. 
Platymetopius  dorsalis  Van  D.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  iii,  p.  224,  1910. 
Platymetopius  dorsalis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  637,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  4  mm.  Vertex  three-fourths  as  wide  as  long,  flat,  not 
channeled  toward  the  apex,  margins  rounding.  Pronotum  nearly  three 
times  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  convex,  posterior  margin  slightly 
concave,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral  margins  long.  Elytra  broad  and 
exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Yellow  and  fulvous;  vertex  creamy  yellow,  pronotum  bright 
brown  or  fulvous  with  sides  yellow,  scutellum  yellow,  elytra  bright  ful- 
vous with  distal  half  of  clavus  and  apices  lighter.  Face  and  below  pale 
yellow. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin roundingly  and  medially  produced ;  sparsely  spined  pygofers  are  long 
and  narrow,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor. 

Distribution:  The  only  specimens  of  this  species  taken  are 
the  type  specimens  from  Pottawatomie  county. 

Platymetopius  acutus  (Say.). 

(PL  II,  figs.  5-7.) 
Jassus  acutus  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.,  Phila.,  vi,  p.  306,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii,  p.  382. 


Platymetopiu 

acu 

us  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  473,  1877. 

Platymetopitu 

acu 

us  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 

Platymetopiu 

acu 

us  Q.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  84,  1895. 

Platymetopiu 

acu 

««  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  192,  1897. 

Platymetopiu 

acu 

us  Van  D.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  iii,  p.  219,  1910. 

Adapted  from  key  by  Van  Duzee,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  iii,  p.  216,  1910. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  133 

Platymetopius  acutus  Osb.,  U.  S.   Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.   108,  p.  69,  fig.  9,   1912. 
Platymetopius  acutus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  Ill,  1915. 
Platymet >pius  acutus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  39,  1916. 
Platymetopius  acutus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  635,  1917. 
Platymetopius  acutus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  183,  1918. 
Platymetopius  acutus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  53,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  4.5  to  5  nun.  Vertex  of  male  distinctly  longer  than 
width  between  the  eyes,  in  female  almost  half  longer  than  basal  width. 
Pronotum  twice  as  broad  as  long,  anterior  margin  quite  convex,  posterior 
margin  slightly  concave,  humeral  margins  longer  than  lateral  margins. 
Elytra  wide,  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Vertex  yellowish,  irrorate  with  brown,  an  indistinct  line  near 
each  eye,  a  pair  on  the  disc,  one  on  apical  third,  and  four  spots  on  pos- 
terior margin,  whitish  or  yellowish.  Pronotum  brown,  with  five  white 
longitudinal  stripes.  Scutellum  brown,  with  two  whitish  longitudinal 
stripes.  Elytra  light  brown  with  dark  ramose  lines  and  spots  and  dis- 
tinct round  or  oval  milky  white  spots.  Face  yellow,  infuscated  on  base  of 
front  and  outer  portions  of  cheeks,  former  with  broad,  white,  angular 
line  which  continues  behind  the  eyes.  Beneath  black,  marked  with 
whitish. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  sinuate,  nar- 
rowed posteriorly,  lateral  and  posterior  margins  forming  regular  curve; 
pygofers  long  and  narrow,  scarcely  exceeding  ovipositor,  sparsely  bristled. 
Male,  last  ventral  segment  very  short;  valve  very  large,  nearly  as  long 
as  wide,  broadly  and  obtusely  angled  posteriorly;  plates  long,  nearly 
equalling  sparsely  bristled  pygofers,  widening  after  leaving  base,  then 
tapering  regularly  to  subacute  apices,  lateral  margins  spiny. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  broad  basally,  with  large  process  for 
attachment  to  connective,  terminating  in  a  finger-like  inner  process  about 
half  the  width  of  the  middle  portion;  connective  very  characteristic  of 
the  genus,  consisting  of  a  broad,  short-armed  U-shaped  piece  from 
which  there  extend  out,  separated  by  a  small  process,  two  long  styles 
which  each  curve  entirely  around  the  redagus  and  extend  far  beyond  it, 
ending  in  a  somewhat  flattened  and  then  acutely  pointed  apex;  cedagus 
viewed  from  the  side  is  V-shaped,  with  two  processes  directed  caudad 
for  attachment  to  base  of  anal  tube,  the  cedagus  proper  being  a  gently 
curving,  obtusely  pointed  organ  with  its  surface  roughened  or  serrated, 
directed  dorso-caudad. 


134 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 


Distribution:    Occurs  throughout  the  state,  though  more 
abundant  in  northern  part  as  shown  by  the  following  map: 


Hosts:  Taken  usually  on  grasses  on  which  it  seems  to  be  a 
general  feeder. 

Platymetopius  cinereus  0.  &  B. 

(PI.  II,  figs.   3-4.) 

Platymetopius  cinereus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  193,  pi.  26,  fig.  1,  1897. 
Platymetopius  cinereus  Van  D.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  iii,  p.  223,  1910. 
Platymetopius  cinereus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  72,  1912. 
Platymetopius  cinereus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  39,  1916. 
Platymetopius  cinereus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  637,  1917. 
Platymetopius  cinereus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  56,  1919. 

Form:  Smallest  member  of  genus  in  Kansas.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm. 
Vertex  of  female  three-fifths  as  wide  as  long,  in  male  nearly  as  wide  as 
long.  Pronotum  characteristic  of  the  genus,  lateral  margins  short.  Scu- 
tellum  large.  Elytra  long  and  broad. 

Color:  Cinereous;  vertex  yellowish,  irrorate  with  brown,  with  light 
lines  on  disc  and  median  line  on  apical  third.  Pronotum  of  same  color 
with  five  faint  longitudinal  lines.  Scutellum  yellowish,  with  basal  and 
apical  angles  darker.  Elytra  light  or  hyaline  with  brown  irrorations 
and  with  whitish  hyaline  spots,  costal  and  apical  veins  black,  especially 
in  the  male. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  narrowed  pos- 
teriorly, posterior  margin  medially  produced  and  with  a  slight  median 
notch;  pygofers  long,  widest  at  the  middle,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovi- 
positor. Male,  posterior  margin  of  last  ventral  segment  obtusely  and 
angularly  incised;  valve  large,  obtusely  rounded  at  apex,  over  half  the 
length  of  the  spiny-margined  and  obtusely  pointed  plates;  pygofers  spiny, 
acute  at  apex,  slightly  exceeding  plates. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  much  as  in  acutus,  but  differing  in 
small  details,  especially  the  relatively  longer  terminal  finger  and  the 
angle  it  makes  with  the  rest  of  the  style;  connective  in  the  shape  of  a 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E. 


135 


flat  "W"  with  all  the  bends  rounded,  distinctly  flatter  and  smaller  than 
in  acutus,  and  with  two  long  curling  processes,  flattened  for  a  much  longer 
distance  than  in  acutus  and  ending  in  a  sharp  point;  cedagus,  viewed 
laterally,  U-shaped  with  anterior  arm  straight  and  posterior  curved, 
former  extending  beyond  curve  of  U  to  form  a  short  stem. 

Distribution:    Common  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the  state 
as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  give  Bouteloua  as  the  probable  host. 
De  Long  reports  it  on  "various  grasses." 

Platymetopius  frontalis  Van  D. 

(PL  II,  figs.  8-9.) 

Platymetopius  frontalis  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxii,  p.  112,  1890. 
Platymetopius  frontalis  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v,  p.  198,  1894. 
Platymetopius  frontalis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  193,  1897. 
Platymetopius  frontalis  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  517,  1905. 
Platymetopius  frontalis  Van  D.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  iii,  p.  225,  1910. 
Platymetopius  frontalis  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  71,  fig.  10,  1  'n  > 
Platymetopius  frontalis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  113,  1915. 
Platymetopivs  frontalis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  40,   1916. 
Platymetopius  frontalis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  637,  1917. 
Plati/metopms  frontalis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  57,  1919. 

Form:  Short  and  stout.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex  about  one- 
fourth  longer  than  wide  in  the  male,  slightly  longer  in  the  female,  rather 
obtusely  pointed  and  with  a  longitudinal  depression.  Pronotum  obscurely 
and  transversely  wrinkled,  short,  over  twice  as  broad  as  long. 

Color:  Dark  brown  or  black;  vertex  with  white  apical  line,  transverse 
vitta  of  similar  lines  in  front  of  the  eyes  and  four  basal  white  spots. 
Face  yellow,  infuscated  at  sides  and  base,  angled  line  indistinct.  Prono- 
tum dark  brown,  showing  five  faint  longitudinal  lines.  Scutellum  with 
two  faint  longitudinal  lines  and  apex  white.  Elytra  with  distinct  milky 
white  spots,  costal  area  whitish  with  heavy  black  veins. 


136 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  broad,  slightly 
keeled,  posterior  margin  rounding  and  with  a  slight  median  notch; 
sparsely  spined  pygofers  broad  and  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor. 
Male,  last  ventral  segment  distinctly  and  roundingly  emarginate;  valve 
large,  slightly  wider  than  long,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates,  spiny-mar- 
gined, broad  at  base,  subacute  apically,  about  as  long  medially  as  the 
valve,  somewhat  exceeded  by  the  spiny  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  larger  than  in  preceding  species, 
broad  at  base,  then  of  nearly  uniform  diameter  to  terminal  finger-like 
process  which  is  relatively  long  and  slender;  connective  in  the  form  of 
an  arc  with  a  slight  median  swelling  on  the  inside  and  two  small  proc- 
esses on  the  convex  surface,  between  which  arise  two  very  long,  slender 
and  curving  processes,  which  in  the  specimen  dissected  did  not  encircle 
the  oedagus  as  in  the  two  preceding  species ;  oedagus  much  as  in  cinereus, 
but  apically  broadened  rather  than  tapering  and  with  distinct  apical 
teeth  dorsally. 

Distribution:  Our  most  abundant  member  of  this  genus, 
though  seemingly  largely  confined  to  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
state,  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:   Taken  commonly  on  grasses  and  weeds. 
Platymetopius  scriptus  Ball. 

Platymetopivs  scriptus  Ball,  Ent.  News,  xx,  p.  165,  1909. 
I'latymetopius  scriptus  Van  D.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  iii,  p.  228,  1910. 
Platymetopius  scriptus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  42,  1916. 
Platymetopius  scriptus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  638,  1917. 

Form:  Much  like  frontalis.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex  slightly 
longer  than  basal  width,  disc  slightly  convex  but  with  distinct  median 
longitudinal  depression.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior 
margin  quite  convex,  posterior  slightly  concave,  humeral  margins  nearly 
twice  the  length  of  the  lateral.  Elytra  broad  and  rather  short. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^.  137 

Color:  About  like  frontalis  except  for  the  dark  face.  Vertex  with 
three  apical  white  lines  and  two  faint  basal  and  median  ones,  the  latter 
between  a  pair  of  white  spots  near  the  apex,  and  another  pair  near 
their  base.  Face  irrorate  with  brown,  with  short,  light,  oblique  marginal 
lines.  Pronotum  irrorate  with  brown  and  with  traces  of  five  light,  longi- 
tudinal lines.  Scutellum  brown  with  two  large  orange  spots  between 
which  are  two  broken,  white,  longitudinal  lines,  the  apex  light.  Elytra 
heavily  irrorate  with  brown,  costal  region  lighter,  dark  nervures  usually 
narrowly  light  margined,  many  cells  with  white  spots. 

External  genitalia:  DeLong  describes  the  female  genitalia  as  fol- 
lows: "Last  ventral  segment  of  female  long,  slightly  keeled,  posterior 
margin  roundingly  produced,  pygofers  constricted  near  base,  broad  and 
rather  short."  Male,  last  ventral  segment  angularly  excised  posteriorly; 
valve  large,  nearly  as  long  as  broad,  posteriorly  roundingly  pointed; 
plates  broad  basally,  median  length  less  than  that  of  the  valve,  spiny- 
margined,  subacute  apically,  completely  hiding  short  pygofers. 

Distribution:  The  only  Kansas  record  for  this  species  is  that 

of  the  five  male  type  specimens  taken  in  Pottawatomie  county. 

Hosts:   De  Long  records  sweeping  this  species  from  weeds. 

Genus  DELTOCEPHALUS  Burm. 

To  this  genus  belong  medium-sized  or  small  species  charac- 
terized chiefly  by  the  shape  of  the  head  in  which  the  vertex 
is  acutely  triangular,  usually  longer  than  broad,  though  often 
wider  than  long,  disc  flattened  or  convex  and  separated  from 
the  front  by  more  or  less  of  a  distinct  margin.  The  front  is 
broad  and  the  clypeus  is  narrowed  at  the  tip.  The  elytra  may 
be  long  or  short,  usually  having  five  anteapical  and  three  apical 
cells,  and  two  cross  nervures  between  the  sectors.  All  the 
members  of  this  genus  are  grass  feeders. 

Twenty-one  species  of  this  genus  have  been  taken  in  Kansas 
and  five  other  probable  native  species  are  included  in  the  key. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Vertex  rather  angularly  produced,  disc  flat  or  concave,  definite  mar- 
gin between  vertex  and  front. 

B.    Pronotum  short,  more  than  twice  broader  than   long,  elytra 
without  a  distinct  appendix. 

C.  Elytra  moderately  long,  two  outer  apical  veinlets 
strongly  reflexed,  the  next  one  meeting  the  costa  at 
nearly  right  angles. 

D.    Pronotum  with  distinct,  black,  longitudinal  lines. 
E.    Vertex  longitudinally  lined  or  spotted. 

bilineatits. 

EE.    Vertex  transversely  lined  before  the  eyes. 

albidus. 

*  Adapted  from  keys  by  Osborn  &  Ball,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  198,  1897,  ami 
DeLong,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  42,  1916. 


138  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

A.    Vertex  rather  angularly  produced — continued. 

DD."   Pronotum  cinereous,  without  distinct  black  lines. 
E.    Face   usually   entirely   dark. 

F.    Vertex  without  median  transverse  bars. 
G.    Elytra  with   large,  black  median 
spot,  face  entirely  black. 

areolatus. 

GG.  Elytra  without  black  median  spot, 
face  sometimes  with  light  spot  on 
apex  of  front.  imputans. 

FF.    Vertex  with  median  transverse  bars. 

visendus. 
EE.    Face  dark  above,  light  below. 

F.  Face  fuscous  above,  shading  out  below, 
no  sharp  line  of  demarcation;  species 
nearly  unicolorous  above,  inflatus. 
FF.  Face  black  above,  light  below,  line  of 
demarcation  sharp.  Species  marked 
with  fuscous.  reflexus. 

CC.  Elytra  shorter,  two  outer  apical  veinlets  short,  at  nearly 
right  angles  to  the  costa,  third  veinlet  running  distinctly 
to  the  posterior  margin. 

D.  Size  larger,  over  3  mm. ;  female  segment  distinctly 
emarginate,  plates  of  male  produced  with  almost 
parallel  margins.  sayi. 

DD.  Size  smaller,  3  mm.  or  less;  female  segment  pro- 
duced or  truncate,  plate  of  male  short,  rapidly 
narrowing  to  acute  apices.  misellus. 

BB.    Pronotum  longer,  hardly  twice  broader  than  long,  elytra  long, 
with  appendix,  costal  veinlets  never  reflexed. 

C.    Front  with  numerous  black  arcs;  central  anteapical  cell 

distinctly  constricted.  signatifrons. 

CC.    Front  without  black  arcs ;  central  anteapical  cell  not  dis- 
tinctly constricted. 
D.    Elytra  distinctly  green. 

E.    Form  slender;  length  3  mm.  or  less. 

F.  Vertex  unlined;  female  segment  black- 
tipped,  medially  notched,  valve  of  male 
large  and  obtuse.  minimus. 

FF.  Vertex  with  two  oblique  lines;  fe- 
male segment  unicolorous  and  broadly 
rounded,  male  valve  smaller  and  acute. 

parvulus. 
EE.    Form  stouter;  length  3.25  mm.  or  more. 

F.    Vertex   acutely   angled,   usually  longer 

than  broad.  debilis. 

FF.    Vertex  obtusely  angled,  as  wide  as  long. 

collinus. 

DD.    Elytra  not  distinctly  green,  hyaline  yellowish,  or 
with  nervures  fuscous  margined. 
E.    Male   valve   enlarged,    inflated,   covering   all 
but  tips  of  plates;   female  segment  slightly 
angularly  excavated.  affinis. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  139 

A.    Vertex  rather  angularly  produced — concluded. 

EE.    Male  valve  normal,  less  than  half  the  length 
of  the  plates ;  female  segment  produced,  more 
or  less  notched. 
F.    Yellow  species;  male  plates  not  longer 

than  broad.  oculatus. 

FF.    Greenish  species,  marked  with  fuscous; 
male  plates  longer  than  broad. 

sylvestris. 

AA.    Vertex  short,  disc  convex  or  sloping,  more  or  less  rounding  to  front, 
without  well-defined  margin. 
B.    Black  species  with  white  points  on  vertex,  costa  yellow. 

flavicosta. 
BB.    Lighter  species,  marked  with  black. 

C.    Clavus  reticulated  between  outer  claval  vein  and  suture. 
D.    Species  small,  not  exceeding  3.5  mm. 

E.  Vertex  acutely  produced  in  the  middle ;  elytra 
longer  than  abdomen;  male  plates  convexly 
pointed.  weedi. 

EE.    Vertex  more  obtusely  rounding. 

F.    Markings    dull,    elytra    usually,  longer 
than    abdomen.      Male    plates   convexly 
narrowed;  over  3  mm.        obtectus. 
FF.    Markings  bright,  elytra  not  exceeding 
abdomen.     Male  plates  concavely  nar- 
rowed; 2.75  mm.  long,      compactus. 
DD.    Species  larger,  4.5  mm.  or  over.  inimicus. 

CC.    Clavus  not  reticulated  between   outer  claval  vein   and 
suture. 

D.    Species  large,  about  5  mm.  long.  osborni. 

DD.    Species  smaller,  length  4  mm.  or  less. 

E.    Vertex  with  two  large  black  spots. 

punctatus. 
EE.    Vertex  with  four  smaller  black  spots. 

F.    Broader  robust  species ;  face  with  black 

arcs.  nigrifrons. 

FF.    More  slender  species;   face  with  light 

arcs.  sonorus. 

Deltocephalus  bilineatus  G.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  bilineatus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  85,  1895. 
Deltocephalus  bilineatus  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  115,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  bilineatus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  200,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  bilineatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  640,  1917. 

Form:  Rather  long  and  narrow.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex  as  long 
as  wide,  subacute  at  apex.  Pronotum  a  little  over  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  posterior  slightly  concave,  lateral 
margins  short,  humeral  margins  long.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  exceed- 
ing abdomen,  two  outer  apical  veinlets  strongly  reflexed. 

Color:  Ashy  or  yellowish-white,  marked  with  brown  or  black.  Vertex, 
pronotum  and  scutellum  with  two  broad  longitudinal  bands,  a  similar 
oblique  pair  laterally  on  pronotum  and  elytra,  just  inside  the  outer  claval 


140  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

vein.  Vertex  white,  with  brown  bands  margined  with  two  long  black 
stripes  and  two  short  outer  ones,  also  with  short  median  stripe.  Prono- 
tum  whitish  with  four  brown  stripes.  Scutellum  yellowish  to  black. 
Elytra  whitish  with  white  nervures  margined  with  brown  or  black, 
especially  along  the  suture,  apically,  and  along  the  reflexed  nervures,  with 
some  of  the  cells  brownish. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  narrowed  pos- 
teriorly, posterior  margin  deeply  and  angularly  excavated,  the  sides  of 
the  notch  slightly  sinuate;  pygofers  narrowed  basally,  long,  and  covered, 
especially  on  apical  half,  with  long  bristles,  equalling  or  only  slightly 
exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  short;  valve 
broad  and  roundingly  produced  posteriorly;  plates  broad,  margined  with 
long  fine  hairs  clear  to  the  broad,  truncate,  black-spotted  apices ;  pygofers 
acute  posteriorly,  long-bristled,  much  exceeding  plates. 

Distribution:  Though  not  yet  taken  in  Kansas,  it  should  be 
found  in  the  northern  part  of  the  state. 
Hosts:  Baker  took  the  type  specimens  from  Carex. 

Deltocephalus  albidus  O.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  albidus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  201,  pi.  23,  fig.  1,  1897. 

Deltocephalus  albidus  Psyche,  viii,  p.  115,  1897. 

Deltocephalus  albidus  Gibs.  &  Cog.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xvi,  p.  75,  1915. 

Deltocephalus  albidus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  640,  1917. 

Form:  More  robust  than  bilineatus.  Length,  4  to  5  mm.  Vertex 
slightly  longer  than  width  between  the  eyes,  acute  apically.  Pronotum 
a  little  more  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  convex  anteriorly,  distinctly 
concave  posteriorly,  humeral  and  posterior  margins  rounding  into  each 
other,  lateral  margins  short.  Elytra  short  or  moderately  long,  flaring, 
two  outer  apical  veinlets  strongly  reflexed. 

Color:  White;  vertex  with  a  broken  median  line,  a  preapical  brown 
transverse  line,  and  two  narrow  lines  extending  from  ends  of  latter  to 
apex.  Pronotum  with  six  brown  longitudinal  stripes,  the  middle  pair 
extending  forward  on  to  vertex  and  backward  across  the  scutellum. 
Elytra  with  sutural  and  apical  margins  and  reflexed  nervures  lined  with 
brown  and  also  with  two  broken  brown  lines,  one  on  clavus,  the  other 
extending  from  the  humeral  angle  to  the  middle.  Tergum  with  two  pairs 
of  stripes,  the  outer  pair  meeting  in  a  V  on  the  pygofers. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  much  narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  prominent,  with  a 
distinct  median  lobe  which  is  medially  notched;  pygofers  sparsely  brist- 
led, short  and  broad,  equalling  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment 
narrower  than  preceding;  valve  triangular,  broad  and  long,  acutely 
pointed;  plates  the  width  of  valve  basally,  laterally  spined,  apices  sub- 
acute,  nearly  equalling  the  short,  bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Pottawatomie  and  Ottawa  counties. 
Hosts:    Taken  in  pastures  where  Bouteloua  and  Buchloe 
abound. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  141 

Deltocephalus  areolatus  Ball. 

Deltocephalus  areolatus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxi,  p.  188,  1899. 
Deltocephalus  areolatus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  520,  1905. 
Deltocephalus  areolatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  640,  1917. 

Form:  Short,  robust,  wedge-shaped,  the  head  forming  the  apex  of 
the  wedge.  Length,  2.75  to  4  mm.  Vertex  nearly  twice  as  long  as  width 
between  the  eyes,  apex  roundingly  acute.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  rounding  into 
slightly  concave  posterior  margin,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex; 
elytra  short,  flaring,  two  outer  apical  veinlets  strongly  reflexed. 

Color:  Olive-green  or  yellowish;  vertex  with  two  black  spots  apically, 
elytra  with  large  dark  brown  spot  back  of  cross  nervure,  margin  of 
third  apical  cell  and  anterior  margin  of  reflexed  veinlets  dark  brown. 
All  but  tarsi  and  part  of  genitalia  below,  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  strongly  na'rrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  strong,  posterior 
margin  broadly  and  deeply  excavated  with  a  large,  medially  cleft  tooth 
which  equals  the  lateral  angles;  sparsely  spined  pygofers  broad,  equalling 
ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  shorter  than  preceding,  slightly 
concave  posteriorly,  valve  broad,  triangular,  posterior  margin  rounding 
medially;  plates  the  width  of  the  valve  basally,  twice  as  long  as  valve, 
spiny  and  slightly  concave  margins  narrowing  to  slightly  divergent  apices 
which  are  slightly  exceeded  by  the  spiny  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Reported  by  Van  Duzee  from  Kansas.  Taken 
in  Riley  county. 

Host:   Specific  host  unknown.    Probably  a  grass  feeder. 

Deltocephalus  imputans  0.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  imputans  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  .75,  1898. 
Deltocephalus  imputans  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  43,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  imputans  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  640,  1917. 
Dfltocephalus  imputans  Feat.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  184,  1918. 

Form:  Wedge-shaped  like  areolatus.  Length  3.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex 
about  one-third  longer  than  basal  width,  acutely  pointed,  margin  dis- 
tinct. Pronotum  as  in  areolatus.  Elytra  short,  equalling  abdomen,  flar- 
ing, outer  anteapical  cell  and  second  cross  nervure  sometimes  wanting, 
two  outer  apical  nervures  strongly  reflexed. 

Color:  Creamy  yellow;  vertex  with  two  black  spots  apically,  from 
which  lines  to  ocelli  and  median  line  are  reddish-brown.  Elytra  with 
anterior  margin  of  reflexed  veins  and  margin  of  third  apical  cell  broadly 
black.  Face  black  with  sometimes  a  light  spot  on  apex  of  front. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than 
preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly  to  acute  lateral  angles,  posterior  margin 
emarginate  on  either  side  of  a  wide,  roundingly  produced  and  medially 
notched  median  lobe;  pygofers  sparsely  bristled,  broad,  equalling  ovi- 
positor. Male,  last  ventral  segment  about  half  as  long  as  preceding, 
valve  broad,  two  to  three  times  as  long  as  ultimate  segment,  subacute 


142  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

apically,  lateral  margins  somewhat  sinuate;  plates  long,  sparsely  bristled 
margins  narrowed  from  base  to  divergent,  rounded  tips  which  are  well 
exceeded  by  the  bristled  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Van  Duzee  reports  this  species  from  Kansas. 
Hosts:    Doctor  Ball  gives  Muhlenbergia  as  the  grass  on 
which  this  species  lives. 

Deltocephalus  visendus  Crmb. 

Deltocephahis  visendus  Crmb.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  viii,  p.  189,  1915. 
Deltocephalus  vieendus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  641,  1917. 

Form:  That  of  reflexus.  Length,  3.25  to  4.25  mm.  Vertex  flat,  nearly 
one-fourth  longer  than  width  between  the  eyes,  acutely  angled.  Pro- 
notum  over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  strongly  convex  anteriorly,  slightly 
concave  posteriorly,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral  margins  rounding 
into  posterior  margin.  Elytra  flaring,  slightly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Pale  cinereous.  Vertex  apically  white  with  two  black  lines 
from  which  reddish  lines  extend  to  the  ocelli;  median  line  reddish,  with 
a  pair  of  dark  median  transverse  bars.  Pronotum  with  six  faint,  brown- 
ish longitudinal  stripes.  Elytra  with  black  spots  near  anterior  junction 
of  claval  veins  and  on  the  disc.  The  anterior  margins  of  the  reflexed 
nervures,  the  margin  of  the  third  apical  cell  and  often  the  margins  of 
other  veins,  brownish  or  black.  Face  black,  becoming  brownish  below. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  pre- 
ceding, narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  acute,  posterior  margin 
emarginate  on  either  side  of  a  large,  median,  obtusely  pointed  and 
slightly  notched  lobe;  sparsely  spined  pygofers  broad,  equalling  ovi- 
positor. Male,  last  ventral  segment  half  as  long  as  preceding;  valve  tri- 
angular, margins  somewhat  concavely  narrowed  to  acute  apex;  plates 
about  twice  as  long  as  valve,  characteristic  because  of  apices  being 
separated  by  small  median  excavation;  bristly  pygofers  exceeding  plates 
and  distinctly  compressed  from  near  the  base. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Douglas,  Miami  and  Chautauqua 
counties. 

Hosts:    Swept  from  native  grasses. 

Deltocephalus  inflatus  O.  &  B. 

J)ettocfi>halu»  inflatus  O.  &  B.,  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  202,  pi.  22,  fig.  2,  1897. 
Deltocephalvs  inflatus  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  115,  1898. 
Deltocephalus  inflatus  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  220,  1909. 
l>,ltocephalus  inflatus  Van  D.,  Cai.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  640,  1917. 

Form:  Not  as  strongly  wedge-shaped  as  reflexus.  Length,  4.25  to 
4.75  mm.  Vertex  slightly  longer  than  basal  width,  more  obtusely  pointed 
than  in  reflexus.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins 
short.  Elytra  longer  than  in  reflexus,  flaring,  two  outer  costal  veinlets 
strongly  reflexed. 

Color:  Yellowish-white;  vertex  with  white  apex  margined  with  brown 
and  with  reddish  line  to  ocelli,  with  a  pair  of  spots  on  either  side  the 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLHLE.  143 

center  and  a  pair  near  the  base,  light  brown.  Pronotum  with  six  faint 
longitudinal  stripes,  the  median  ones  extending  across  the  scutellum. 
Elytra  subhyaline,  nervures  white,  frequently  margined  with  brown,  es- 
pecially the  anterior  margin  of  the  reflexed  veinlets,  and  with  black 
spots  near  middle  of  clavus,  on  the  first  cross  vein  of  sectors  and  in  third 
apical  cell.  Face  fuscous  above,  shading  gradually  to  light  below. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  obtuse,  apex  in 
line  with  central  third  which  is  suddenly  produced,  slightly  notched 
medially,  and  sinuate  and  darkened  on  either  side  of  the  notch;  pygofers 
sparsely  spined,  narrowed  basally,  broad  and  equalling  ovipositor.  Male, 
last  ventral  segment  nearly  as  long  as  preceding;  valve  triangular,  sub- 
acute  at  apex,  margins  concave  medially;  plates  short,  about  twice  the 
length  of  the  valve,  apices  acute,  margins  spiny;  pygofers  greatly  exceed- 
ing plates,  but  tergite  inflated  and  pressed  laterally  and  terminally 
against  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county -only. 
Hosts:    A  grass  feeder.    Specific  host  unknown. 

Deltocephalus  reflexus  0.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  reflexus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  203,  pi.  22,  fig.  1,  1897. 

Deltocephalus  reflexus  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  115,  1897. 

Deltocephalus  reflexus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  44,  1916. 

Deltocephalus  reflexus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  641,  1917. 

Deltocephalus  reflexus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  61,  1919. 

Form:  Distinctly  wedge-shaped.  Length,  4  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex  half 
longer  than  wide,  acutely  angled.  Prcnotum  as  in  preceding  species  ex- 
cept posterior  margin  more  nearly  truncate.  Elytra  strongly  flaring,  two 
outer  costal  veinlets  strongly  reflexed. 

Color:  Soiled  white  or  yellowish;  vertex  with  white  apex  encircled 
with  dark  brown,  reddish-brown  marginal  lines  to  ocelli,  pair  of  median 
transverse  bars  and  two  basal  spots,  brown.  Pronotum  yellowish  with  six 
faint  longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  with  spot  on  clavus  and  corium,  margins 
of  veins,  especially  anterior  margin  of  reflexed  veins  and  third  apical  cell, 
brown.  Face  black  above  and  light  below. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  pre- 
ceding, strongly  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  concave  on 
either  side  of  a  notched  median  tooth ;  pygofers  sparsely  bristled,  broad, 
equalling  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  three-fourths  as  long  as 
preceding;  valve  triangular,  broad,  acutely  pointed,  spiny  margined; 
plates  a  little  more  than  twice  the  length  of  the  valve,  elongate,  apices 
somewhat  divergent,  nearly  equalling  the  spiny  pygofers. 


144 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:    Common  throughout  the  eastern  part  of  the 
state  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:    Grasses. 

Deltocephalus  sayi  (Fh.). 

(PI.  12,  figs.  7-8.) 

Amblycephalus  sayii  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  61,  1851. 
Tettiffonia  sayii  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1158,  1852. 
Deltocephalus  sayi  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iv,  p.  511,  1878. 
Deltocephalvs  sayi  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  -126,  1892. 
Deltocephalug  sayi  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  207,  pi.  23,  fig.  2,  1*97. 
Deltocephalvs  sayi  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  519,  1905. 
Deltocephalvs  sayi  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  But.,  Bui.  108,  p.  84,  fi<r.  20,  1912. 
Deltocephalvs  sayi  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  117,  1915. 
Deltocephalvs  sayi  De  L.,  Tennl  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  46,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  sayi  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  642,  1917. 
Deltocephalvs  sayi  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  183,  1918. 

Form:  Short,  robust  forms,  not  distinctly  wedge-shaped  as  preceding 
species.  Length,  3.25  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  a  little  longer  than  width  be- 
tween eyes,  rather  acutely  pointed.  Pronotum  short,  two  and  a  half  times 
as  broad  as  long,  humeral  margins  seemingly  forming  a  part  of  the 
posterior  margin.  Elytra  short  and  broad,  almost  truncate  apically,  ex- 
ceeded by  abdomen,  outer  costal  veins  not  strongly  reflexed. 

Color:  Brownish;  vei'tex  nearly  reddish-brown  with  margins,  tip, 
median  and  basal  transverse  lines  and  a  median  longitudinal  line,  light. 
Pronotum  with  six  faint  longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  with  lighter  areas 
across  base  and  a  broader  one  across  tip  of  clavus,  the  rest  with  the  light 
nervures  heavily  margined  with  brown.  Face  light  bi-own  with  heavy 
dark  arcs. 

External  genitulia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  moderately  long, 
posterior  margin  emarginate;  broad  spiny  pygofers  equalling  or  slightly 
exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding; 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  145 

valve,  broad,  obtusely  produced  posteriorly;  plates  broad  basally  then 
narrowed  and  running  with  parallel  margins  to  obliquely  truncate  apices; 
margins  with  bristles  on  proximal  two-thirds,  exceeding  the  short 
pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  very  large,  with  large  triangular 
process  for  attachment  to  connective,  lateral  margin  broadly  and  deeply 
incised  apically,  incision  bearing  fine  hairs  forming  a  sler\der,  curving 
apex,  crenulated  on  extreme  inner  margin ;  connective  narrow  proximally, 
then  widening,  then  narrowing  to  parallel-margined  apical  portion,  hol- 
lowed for  nearly  entire  length;  oedagus  very  characteristic  with  broad 
base  sending  two  short  arms  dorsad,  then  slightly  tapering  to  apex 
where  it  widens  and  flattens  out  into  two  wings,  from  between  which  there 
extend  dorsad  two  long  slender  processes  with  a  pair  of  stout  recurved 
spines  cephalad  ot  these. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Douglas,  Decatur  and  Pottawatomie 
counties. 

.  Hosts:  Blue  grass  seems  to  be  the  chief  host. 
Deltocephalus  misellus  Bail. 

Dettocephaht  misellus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxi,  p.  191,  1899. 

Deltocephaiu  misellus  barb.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxiii,  p.  533,   1914. 

Deltocephaiu  misellus  Gibs.  &  Cog.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xvi,  p.  75,  1913. 

Deltocephaiu  misellus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  117,  1915. 

Deltocephalu  misellus  Van  IX,  Cat.  Heniip.  N.  A.,  p.  642,  1917. 

Form:  Resembling  sayi,  but  smaller.  Length,  2.75  to  3  mm.  Vertex 
flat,  as  long  as  width  between  the  eyes,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Prono- 
tum  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  strongly  convex  anteriorly,  posterior 
margin  slightly  emarginate,  fusing  with  humeral  margins,  lateral  mar- 
gins very  short.  Elytra  broad  and  short,  broadly  rounding  apically, 
shorter  than  abdomen  in  female,  exceeding  abdomen  in  male. 

Color:  Cinereous,  marked  with  brown;  vertex  white,  with  two  oblique 
lines  at  apex  whose  base  is  joined  by  a  brown  line,  two  large  brown  spots 
on  the  disc,  and  two  smaller  ones  at  the  base.  Pronotum  showing  faintly 
four  broad  longitudinal  lines,  otherwise  irregularly  fuscous  marked. 
Elytra  cinereous  with  white  nervures  generally  strongly  margined  with 
fuscous.  Face  fuscous  marked  with  light  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than 
preceding,  somewhat  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  somewhat 
produced,  especially  medially;  pygofers  sparsely  bristled,  slightly  ex- 
ceeded by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  triangular,  obtuse  apically;  plates 
together  forming  a  triangle  broader  than  long,  spiny  margins  regu- 
larly tapering  to  the  acute,  slightly  divergent  apices;  pygofers  very  short, 
very  sparsely  bristled,  exceeded  by  the  plates. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  not  yet  been  taken  from  this 
state  but  should  be  found  in  the  northeastern  portion. 

10— Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


146  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Hosts:    Professor  Osborn  reports  it  from  Canadian  blue 
grass. 

Deltocephalus  signatifrons  Van  D. 


I  >  i-ll,',- 1  /  :lm',Hx  .-<i<niiit  if ''tin 
l),-lt<i<-,-i>l«tli>x  xiiinulifron 
l><'ltiii-ri>lui!tin  xianatifron 

l),'lt<,CI'l>lllllllX    xilinlltifl-llll 


Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  305,  1892. 

G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  89,  1895. 

O.  &  B.,  la.  Agr.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  34,  p.   135,   1897. 

Osb.,  Proc.   la.  Acatl.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  215,  pi.  25,  fisj.   1,   1897. 

Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  645,  1917. 


Form:  Males  appearing  rather  slender,  females  more  robust.  Length, 
3  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  slightly  sloping,  broader  than  long,  obtusely  to 
roundingly  produced  apically.  Pronotum  less  than  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  strongly  convex  anteriorly,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral 
margins  distinct  but  rounding  with  slightly  emarginate  posterior  margin. 
Elytra  usually  exceeding  the  abdomen,  but  only  equalling  it  in  some 
females,  middle  anteapical  cell  distinctly  constricted. 

Color:  Ashy-gray  tinged  with  fuscous;  vertex  slightly  yellowish,  with 
four  large  quadrate  brown  spots  on  the  disc,  a  pair  of  smaller  and  darker 
ones  at  the  apex  and  frequently  a  spot  between  the  latter  and  the  ocelli. 
Pronotum  grayish,  mottled  with  brown  and  with  five  faint,  light,  longi- 
tudinal lines.  Scutellum  with  basal  angles  dark  and  disc  irregularly 
mottled  with  brown.  Elytra  with  nervures  light,  in  some  places  milky 
white,  and  usually  strongly  margined  with  fuscous.  Face  heavily  marked 
with  black  arcs  and  dots. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  a  little  longer  than 
preceding,  lateral  angles  prominent,  posterior  margin  broadly  excavated 
and  bearing  two  prominent  obtusely  pointed  teeth  which  are  separated 
by  an  incision  reaching  about  one-third  of  the  distance  to  the  base; 
pygofers  broad,  spiny,  and  equalling  or  slightly  exceeded  by  the  oviposi- 
tor. Male,  last  ventral  segment  about  the  length  of  the  preceding;  valve 
broad,  short,  broadly  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  very  broad,  a  little 
over  fwice  the  length  of  the  valve,  very  widely  truncate  apically,  margined 
with  moderately  fine  hairs;  pygofers  short,  barely  exceeding  plates,  bear- 
ing long  bristles. 

Distribution:  Taken  hitherto  in  four  western  counties, 
namely:  Decatur,  Sheridan,  Wallace  and  Hodgeman. 

Hosts:  Gillette  and  Baker  report  this  species  from  beans 
and  alfalfa,  while  Osborn  and  Ball  report  it  as  infesting  weedy 
places. 

Deltocephalus  minimus  0.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  minimus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  211,  pi.  24,  fig.  4,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  minimi/*  Mete.,  Jl.  EHsha  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.,  xxxi,  p.  24,  1915. 
Deltocephalus  minimus  De  L.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent,  Bui.  17,  p.  47,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  melsheimerii  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  647,  1917. 

Form:  Small  and  slender.  Length,  2.25  to  3  mm.  Vertex  a  little 
longer  than  wide  in  the  female,  about  as  long  as  wide  in  the  male,  more 
rounded  apically  in  the  male.  Pronotum  not  quite  twice  as  broad  as  long, 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  147 

strongly  convex  anteriorly,  lateral  margins  very  short,  long  humeral 
margins  rounding  with  very  slightly  concave  posterior  margin.  Elytra 
long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Yellowish-green;  disc  of  pronotum  and  basal  portion  of  elytra 
darker  green,  distal  portion  of  elytra  lighter.  Face  fuscous  with  lighter 
arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  pre- 
ceding, lateral  margins  narrowed  posteriorly  with  slight  lateral  angles 
or  rounding  with  posterior  margin  which  is  slightly  convex,  with  three 
small  median  notches  margined  with  black;  pygofers  bristly  and  long, 
equalling  or  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  large,  triangu- 
lar, apex  rather  obtuse;  plates  broad,  three  times  length  of  valve,  regu- 
larly tapering  to  acute  tips;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  exceeding  plates, 
very  bristly. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Cherokee  and  Franklin  counties. 

Hosts:  Grass  feeders.  Osborn  and  Ball  suggest  Sporobolus 
and  Stipa  as  hosts. 

After  studying  the  types  of  this  species  in  Professor  Ball's 
collection,  and  comparing  them  with  specimens  of  Deltocepha- 
lus  melsheimerii  Fh.,  sent  him  by  Professor  Osborn  from 
Maine,  it  is  impossible  to  agree  with  Mr.  Van  Duzee  in  making 
these  species  synonymous.  The  genitalia,  both  male  and  fe- 
male, are  entirely  alike.  Deltocephalus  minimus  has  the  fe- 
male ultimate  segment  distinctly  notched  three  times  medially, 
and  the  lateral  margins  are  distinctly  narrowed  posteriorly, 
so  that  the  posterior  margin  is  clearly  narrower  than  the  an- 
terior. Deltocephalus  melsheimerii,  on  the  other  hand,  has  a 
more  truncate  and  unnotched  posterior  margin  which  is  as 
wide  as  the  anterior  margin,  for  the  lateral  margins  are  not 
narrowed  posteriorly,  forming  right  angles  with  the  posterior 
margin.  In  the  male  genitalia  the  differences  are  even  more 
noticeable.  In  Deltocephalus  melsheimerii  the  valve  is  shorter 
and  more  rounded  posteriorly  than  in  Deltocephalus  minimus. 
The  plates,  however,  are  very  characteristic.  In  the  former 
they  are  very  broad,  and  continue,  almost  parallel-margined 
to  the  broad,  upturned,  obtusely-pointed  or  truncate  apices. 
In  the  latter  the  plates  are  longer,  more  slender,  and  tapering 
posteriorly  to  the  acute  apices  which  are  not  upturned. 

Deltocephalus  parvulus  Gill. 

Deltocephalus  parvulus  Gill.,  Colo.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  43,  p.  23,  1898. 
Deltocephalus  parviihix  Va-n  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  647,  1917. 

Form:  Much  like  preceding  species.  Length,  2.5  to  3  mm.  Vertex 
slightly  longer  than  wide  in  female,  about  as  long  as  wide  in  male,  sub- 


148  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

acute  apically  in  female,  more  rounded  in  male.  Vertex  long,  not  twice 
as  wide  as  long,  strongly  convex  anteriorly,  lateral  margin  very  short, 
long  humeral  margins  rounding  to  slightly  concave,  posterior  margin. 
Elytra  long  and  slender,  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Greenish-yellow;  vertex  yellowish  with  two  brown  lines  ex- 
tending from  apex  to  base.  Pronotum  yellowish-green,  sometimes  with 
two  brown  longitudinal  lines.  Scutellum  yellow.  Elytra  yellowish-green, 
subhyaline,  nervures  brighter.  Face  pale  fuscous  with  pale  arcs. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  strongly  and  round- 
ingly  produced,  unicolorous;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  equalling  or 
slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  bristled.  Male,  valve  small, 
triangular,  apex  subacute,  smaller  and  more  acute  than  in  minimus, 
plates  long  and  narrow,  spiny  margined,  apices  acute. 

Distribution:   Collected  in  large  numbers  in  Ottawa  county. 

Hosts:  Professor  Gillette  reports  this  species  on  short 
prairie  grasses.  The  writer  swept  them  in  abundance  from 
pastures  composed  chiefly  of  Bouteloua  and  Buchloe. 

Deltocephalus  debilis  Uhl. 

Deltocephalus  debilis  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  i,  p.  360,  1876. 
Deltocephalus  melsheimeri  Osb.,  Proe.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  1,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Deltocephalus  debilis  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  210,  pi.  23,  fig.  2,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  debilis  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  520,  1905. 
Deltocephalus  debilis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  49,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  debUis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  646,  1917. 
Deltocephalus  debilis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  65,  1919. 

Form:  Larger  and  more  robust  than  two  preceding  species.  Length, 
3  to  4.75  mm.  Vertex  longer  than  wide,  or  width  equal  to  length,  acutely 
angled.  Pronotum  not  over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  strongly  convex  an- 
teriorly, lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  rounding  into 
slightly  concave  posterior  margin.  Elytra  varying  in  length,  sometimes 
shorter,  usually  longer  than  abdomen. 

Color:  Greenish;  vertex,  anterior  portion  of  pronotum  and  scutellum 
yellow,  median  line  of  vertex  and  ocelli  black.  Elytra  subhyaline  with 
veins  light.  Face  brownish  with  pale  arcs  and  median  line. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior 
margin  rounded  with  narrow,  deep,  median  notch  or  sometimes  nearly 
truncate  with  a  shallow  notch  between  two  small  lobes;  pygofers  broad, 
broadest  at  middle,  and  sparsely  spined,  equalling  or  slightly  exceeded  by 
ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  shorter  than  preceding,  valve 
roundingly  produced  posteriorly;  plates  together  as  broad  at  base  as 
long,  margins  spined,  each  with  a  black  spot,  apices  obtuse,  exceeded  by 
the  acutely  pointed  and  long-bristled  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Collected  in  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:    Found  on  low  grounds  and  in  wooded  regions. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^.  149 

Deltocephalus  collinus  Boh. 

Deltocephalus  collinus  Boh.,  Kong.  Vet.  Akad.  Handl.  for  1850,  p.  261. 

Deltocephalus  aridellus  Boh.,  Kong.  Vet.  Akad.  Handl.  for  1850,  p.  263. 

Deltocephalus  collinus  Fieb.,  Verb.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  xix,  p.  216,  pi.  6,  fig.  42, 
1869. 

Deltocephalus  collinus  Edw.,  Hemip.  Homop.  Brit.  Isds.,  p.  264,  pi.  29,  figs.  4,  5, 
1896. 

Deltocephalus  collinus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  80,  1898. 

Deltocephalus  collinus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  647,  1917. 

Form:  Robust  and  like  affinis.  Length,  3.25  to  4  mm.  Vertex  about 
as  long  as  wide,  sometimes  wider,  rather  obtusely  angled.  Pronotum 
less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral 
margins  short,  humeral  margins  rounding  into  slightly  concave  posterior 
margin.  Elytra  narrow,  either  short,  reaching  to  base  of  penultimate 
segment  and  diverging  from  the  tip  of  the  clavus,  or  long  in  some  females, 
exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Greenish-yellow,  practically  unicolorous ;  vertex  sometimes 
marked  with  light  brown  on  either  side  of  a  light  stripe  enclosing  the 
dark,  median,  impressed  line.  Pronotum  sometimes  with  signs  of  six 
fuscous  longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  with  light  nervures,  tip  hyaline,  ab- 
domen sometimes  marked  with  fuscous  stripes.  Face  fuscous  marked 
with  light  median  line  and  arcs. 

External  genitalla:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preced- 
ing, narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  seemingly  with  five  lobes,  the 
two  outer  light  colored  ones  small,  and  separated  shallowly  from  the 
small  black  lobes  next  to  them,  and  these  in  turn  separated  by  a  deeper 
excavation  from  the  light  colored  median  lobe ;  pygofers  narrowed  basally, 
long  and  narrowed,  bristly,  slightly  exceeding  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last 
ventral  segment  two-thirds  as  long  as  preceding ;  valve  large,  nearly  twice 
as  wide  as  long,  obtusely  angulated  posteriorly;  plates  broad,  margins 
convex  till  near  the  apex,  then  concavely  narrowing  to  the  obtuse  apices 
which  are  slightly  exceeded  by  the  spiny  pygofers. 


150 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:  Fairly  common  in  western  portion  of  the  state, 
as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:    Osborn  and  Ball  give  Sporobolus  as  the  host. 
Deltocephalus  affinis  G.  &  B. 

(PI.   12,  figs.   5-6.) 

Deltocephalvs  affinis  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  84,  1895. 
Deltocephalus  melsheimerii  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  390,  1890. 
Deltocephalus  debUis  Osb.,  Ia>.  Agr.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  13,  p.  100,  1891. 
Deltocephalus  debilis  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  30,  p.  45,  1893. 
Deltocephalus  melsheimerii  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  211,  pi.  24,  fig.  1,  1807. 
Deltocephalus  affinis  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  118,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  affinis  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  522,  1905. 
Deltocephalus  affinis  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.   108,  p.  82,  fig.  18,   19)2 
Deltocephalus  affinis  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  122,  1915. 
Deltocephalus  affinis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  648,  1917. 
Deltocephalus  affinis  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  184,  1918. 

Form:  Length,  3  to  4  mm.  Vertex  wider  than  long,  obtusely  pointed. 
Pronotum  a  little  longer  than  the  vertex,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral 
margins  distinctly  angled  with  the  slightly  emarginate  posterior  margin. 
Elytra  long,  barely  exceeding  the  abdomen  sometimes,  and  again  greatly 
exceeding  it. 

Color:  Pale  ashy-green,  usually  marked  with  fuscous.  Vertex  and 
pronotum  often  unicolorous  or  mottled  with  fuscous,  the  latter  sometimes 
showing  five  pale  longitudinal  stripes.  Elytra  often  unicolorously  green- 
ish-brown, sometimes  with  nervures  heavily  bordered  with  fuscous.  Face 
fuscous  with  light  median  line  and  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  slightly  nar- 
rowed posteriorly,  posterior  margin  broadly  and  angularly  emarginate; 
pygofers  spiny  on  distal  half,  broad,  equalling  ovipositor.  Male,  last 
ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding,  valve  very  characteristic,  large  and 
inflated,  concealing  all  but  the  obtuse  and  divergent  apices  of  the  short 
plates ;  pygofers  very  short,  each  with  a  tuft  of  long  bristles. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E. 


151 


Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  a  very  large  and  characteristic 
projection  to  meet  the  connective,  main  body  of  about  uniform  diameter 
till  near  the  apex,  then  excavated  laterally,  forming  an  outwardly  curved 
and  knobbed  apex,  connective  very  long  and  slender,  notched  basally  for 
nearly  one-half  its  length;  oedagus  with  a  pair  of  lateral,  dorsally  pro- 
jected processes,  and  a  longer  median  and  terminal  process. 

Distribution:  Very  abundant  wherever  its  host  occurs.  The 
following  map  shows  counties  in  which  it  has  been  taken : 


CHErciM 

C  RAWLINS 

DECftTUS 

NORTON 

PHILL 

SMITH 

JEWELL 

REPUP 

WASH 

HARSH 

NE 

1.  BRW 

UCHlS 

S 

I 

A 

SHtRHA 

N   THOMAS 

SHERl. 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OSB. 

HITCH 

CLOUD 

5 

DICK  J: 

i&5 
g 

10RRIS 

1 

A8. 

WALLACt 

LOGAN 

GOVE 

TREGO 

ELLIS 

RU55 

LINC 

OTTAWA 

SHA»nL 

lh 

k\ 

JOHN 

ELLS« 

SAUNE 

OSAGE 
COfTE 

DOUG. 

GREVr 

met 

5COTT 

LANE 

NESS 

'RUSH 

BARTOH 

RICE 

n«PHER 

—  L 

nmoN 

CHASE 

FRANK 

nwni 

HAM 

(CAR. 

FIIMI* 

EY 

HODGE. 

^WNK|jTAf 

RENO 

HARVEY 

ANOCR 

UrtfV 

G(?Ar 

FORD 

EOW..  I 

BUTLER 

GREEN: 

WOOD. 

ALLEN 

aouo 

STAN. 

•MMT 

MASK. 

KIOWA 

PI?ATT 

KING. 

SEDGE. 

ELK. 

WILSON 

NCOS. 

CRAW. 

nORT  S 

TC.V. 

SEW. 

MEAO 

2* 

COHAN. 

BAR8E 

HARP. 

SUHNER 

cow. 

CHAUT 

nONT. 

LAB. 

C«RO 

Hosts:    Blue  grass. 

Deltocephalus  oculatus  0.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  oculatus  O.  &  B.,  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  212,  pi.  23,  fig.  4,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  oculatus  De  L.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  48,   1916. 
Deltocephalus  oculatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  648,  1917. 
Deltocephalus  oculatus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  184,  1918. 

Form:  Like  affinis,  smaller.  Length,  3.5  mm.  Vertex  slightly  longer 
than  width  between  eyes,  obtusely  pointed.  Pronotum  not  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  lateral  margins  short.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  much  exceeding 
abdomen. 

Color:  Distinctly  yellow,  face  marked  with  fuscous  arcs.  Elytra  not 
as  bright  yellow  as  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  length  of  pre- 
ceding, lateral  angles  acute,  middle  third  of  posterior  margin  truncately 
produced,  dark,  and  thin  lobed ;  pygof ers  bristly,  broad,  equalling  ovi- 
positor. Male,  valve  broad,  triangular,  acute  apically;  plates  broad  at 
base,  much  narrowed  apically  to  the  slender,  produced  apices;  pygof  ers 
long  and  very  acute  at  apices,  exceeding  plates  and  spiny. 


152 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:  As  shown  by  the  map,  this  species  is  seemingly 
more  abundant  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 


Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  give  Andropogon  scoparius  as  a 
host,  while  De  Long  records  it  on  Aristida  gracilis. 

Deltocephalus  sylvestris  O.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  sylvestris  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  213,  pi.  25,  fig.  4,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  sylvestris  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  119,  1915. 
Deltocephalus  sylvestris  DeL.,  Term.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  49,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  sylvestris  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  49,  1917. 
Deltocephalus  sylvestris  Pent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  184,  1918. 

Form:  More  slender  than  oculatus.  Length,  3.5  mm.  Vertex  dis- 
tinctly longer  than  wide,  acutely  pointed.  Pronotum  long,  with  short 
lateral  margins  and  distinctly  emarginate  posterior  margin.  Elytra  long 
and  narrow,  distinctly  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Greenish-yellow  marked  with  fuscous;  vertex  greenish-yellow, 
with  two  brownish  lines  from  apex  towards  each  eye  and  with  a  dark 
median  line.  Pronotum  with  traces  of  five  longitudinal  lines;  elytra 
greenish,  nervures  light,  sometimes  margined  with  fuscous.  Face  fus- 
cous with  median  line  and  arcs  pale. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  narrowed  posteriorly, 
short,  except  for  long  median  third  which  is  strongly  and  abruptly  pro- 
duced and  black.  Male,  valve  broad,  apex  obtusely  angulated ;  plates  very 
broad,  three  times  the  length  of  valve,  spines  divergent  and  acute,  mar- 
gins spiny;  bristly  pygofers  slightly  exceeding  plates. 

Distribution:  Taken  only  in  Douglas  and  Cherokee  counties. 
Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  report  this  species  from  blue  grass 
in  wooded  areas. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  153 

Deltocephalus  flavicosta  Stal. 

(PI.   12,  figs.  3-4.) 

Jasstts  (Deltocephalus)  flavicosta  Stal,  Rio  Jan.  Hemip.,  ii,  p.  53,  1862. 
Deltocephalus  flavicosta  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.  116,   1892. 
Deltocephalus  retrorsus  Uhl.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  for  1895,  p.  78. 
Deltocephalus  harrisi  (Fh.  MS.)  in  collections. 

Deltocephalus  flavocostatus  O.  &  B.,  Proc_  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  217,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  flavicosta  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.   117,  1897. 

Deltocephalus  retroversus  (Uhl.  MS.)  Smith,  Cat.  Ins.  N.  J.,  edn.  2,  p.  95,  1900. 
Deltocephalus  flavocostatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  49,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  flavicosta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  645,  1917. 
Deltocephalus  flavicosta  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  64,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  2.5  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  distinctly  wider  than  long,  an- 
terior margin  nearly  round,  disc  convex  and  sloping,  without  well-de- 
veloped margin.  Pronotum  long,  strongly  convex  anteriorly,  lateral 
margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long  and  rounding  with  slightly 
emarginate  posterior  margin.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  exceeding  the 
abdomen. 

Color:  Dark  brown  to  black;  vertex  with  four  apical  spots  in  form  of 
a  square,  three  against  each  eye,  and  two  at  middle  of  posterior  margin, 
yellow.  Pronotum  with  five  yellow  spots  on  anterior  portion  and  five 
faint  longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  very  characteristic  because  of  the  yellow 
two-thirds  of  costal  area  and  two  outer  costal  veinlets  sometimes  broadly 
light. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  roundingly  produced 
and  sometimes  with  a  small  median  notch;  pygofers  sparsely  spined, 
broad  and  short,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment 
as  long  as  preceding;  valve  broad,  triangular,  margins  slightly  concave 
to  obtuse  or  rounded  apex;  plates  broad  at  base,  longer  than  valve,  mar- 
gins with  few  spines,  narrowing  to  acute  apices  which  exceed  the  sparsely 
spined  short  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  acute  at  either  end,  apically  toothed 
on  inner  margin  and  sending  long,  parallel-sided  processes  from  near 
their  middle  length  seemingly  direct  to  the  redagus,  which  is  semicircular 
when  viewed  laterally,  and  broad  till  near  the  apex,  then  greatly  nar- 
rowed, but  ending  obtusely. 


154 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 


Distribution:  Common  throughout  the  eastern  part  of  the 
state.  Often  attracted  to  lights.  The  following  map  shows 
counties  furnishing  specimens: 


Hosts:    Taken  on  weeds  and  grasses. 

Deltocephalus  weedi  Van  D. 

Deltocephalvs  weedi  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  306, 


Deltocephalu 
Deltocephalu 
Deltocephalu 
Deltocephalu 
Deltocephalu 


weedi  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  216,  pi.  25,  fig.  2, 
weedi  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  52,  1916. 
weedi  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  643,  1917. 
weedi  Pent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  184,   1918. 
weedi  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  62,  1919. 


Form :  Small  and  robust.  Length,  3  mm.  Vertex  a  little  longer  than 
wide,  rather  acutely  pointed,  at  least  more  acute  than  in  two  following 
species.  Pronotum  long,  not  over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  strongly  con- 
vex anteriorly,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long,  broadly 
rounding  with  slightly  concave  posterior  margin.  Elytra  slightly  longer 
than  the  abdomen,  somewhat  flaring,  the  clavus  well  reticulated,  the 
central  anteapical  cell  divided. 

Color:  Brown;  vertex  with  two  triangular  fuscous,  apical  spots,  a 
black  spot  above  each  ocellus,  a  medially  widened,  transverse,  broad  band 
on  the  disc,  with  a  pair  of  light  fuscous  basal  spots  and  a  dark  median 
longitudinal  line.  Pronotum  with  five  white  longitudinal  lines,  two  large 
fuscous  apical  spots  and  irregular  fuscous  spots  posteriorly,  parallel  to 
anterior  margin.  Scutellum  with  dark  basal  angles.  Elytra  with  nervures 
broadly  white  and  uniformly  bordered  with  fuscous,  sometimes  the  cells 
entirely  fuscous.  Face  black  with  white  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  one-third  longer 
than  preceding,  posterior  margin  broadly  and  roundly  slightly  concave; 
pygofers  broad,  bristled  on  distal  half,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor. 
Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding,  posterior  margin  dis- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLIDvE. 


155 


tinctly  concave,  valve  broad,  broadly  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  together 
half  broader  than  long,  spiny  margins  rounding  to  obtuse  apices;  pygofers 
broad  and  short,  equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  plates,  and  with  long 
bristles. 

Distribution:     Found  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


CMErtNN 

C   RAWLINS 

DECAIU 

NORTON 

PHILL 

sn,TH 

^wtu 

REPUP 

WASH 

HARSH 

NEn. 

BROrYNf^" 
L-r-W 

i 

SHCRHA 

N   THOMAS 

SHER 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OSB 

HITCH 

CLOUD 

DICK  j: 
It 

EARTj    y, 

lORRiS 

A| 

AB 

ACK.  . 

Sf 

WALLAC 

LOGAN 

cove 

TRECO 

CLLIS 

RUSS 

LINC 

OTTAWA 

Sh 

AW- 

Rr-i 

tv^^ 

JOHN 

ELL5>Y 

SALINE 

OSACt 

DDU& 

GRtVr 

(VlCH 

acoTr 

LANE 

NCS5 

RUSH 

BARTCN 

LTON 
EtN 

FRANK 

ni/im 

HAH 

(CAR. 

n" 

EV 

HODGE 

PAWNEt 
EOvvH 

JjTAF 
PI?ATT 

RENO 
KING 

Ts 

HAR 

cr 

_i: 

USE; 

&R 

COTFC 

ANDtfi 

LIN'< 

roKo 

COGE 

BUTLER 

WOOD 

ALLtK 

BOUR 
CRAW. 

STAN. 

SAW 

MASK. 

KlCHVA 

A 

LSO; 

NCOS 

ELK 

riORT   S 

TLY 

SEW: 

MEAD 

CLWK 

CCMAN. 

6AR8E 

t    HARP    SUnNER 

COW 

CHAJT 

HONT 

LAB 

C^RO 

Hosts:    Taken  when  sweeping  grasses  and  weeds. 
Deltocephahis  obtectus  0.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  obtectu  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  78,  1898. 

Deltocephalus  obtectu  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  521,  1905. 

Deltocephalus  obtectu  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  118,   1915. 

Deltocephalus  obtectu  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  53,  1916. 

Deltocephalus  obtectu  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  643,   1917. 

Deltocephalus  obtectu  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Col.,  Bui.   199,  p.  63,  1919. 

Form:  Resembles  weedi,  slightly  larger.  Length,  3  to  3.5  mm.  Ver- 
tex slightly  wider  than  long,  disc  sloping  and  broadly  rounding  with 
front,  vertex  distinctly  more  obtuse  than  in  tveedi.  Pronotum  about  the 
length  of  vertex,  lateral  margins  very  short.  Elytra  usually  exceeding 
abdomen,  flaring,  clavus  reticulated,  central  anteapical  cell  divided. 

Color:  Light  gray  marked  with  fuscous,  duller  colored  than  either 
weedi  or  compactus.  Vertex  whitish  or  yellowish,  two  brown  dashes  at 
apex,  two  brown  curved  lines  outside  these,  a  black  spot  inside  each 
ocellus,  back  of  these  a  dark  transverse  band  on  each  side,  from  whose 
inner  end  short  dark  lines  run  back  parallel  to  the  dark  median  line,  and 
with  two  large  brown  basal  spots.  Pronotum  with  large  dark  spots  back 
of  each  eye,  other  smaller  ones  parallel  with  anterior  margin,  and  with 
faint  indications  of  the  five  longitudinal  stripes.  Scutellum  with  basal 
angles  dark  and  often  bearing  a  pair  of  dots  on  disc.  Elytra  with  nerv- 
ures  broadly  white  and  more  or  less  margined  with  fuscous,  with  black 
spots  on  clavus,  corium,  and  then  on  distal  half  of  costal  margin.  Face 
brown  with  light  arcs. 


156  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

External  genitalla:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  consisting  of  two 
membranes,  the  lateral  margins  only  of  the  inner  one  visible  from  under 
the  outer  membrane  which  is  about  half  as  long  as  it  is  wide,  much 
narrowed  to  slightly  rounded  nearly  truncate  posterior  margin ;  pygofers 
broad,  distally  spined  and  equalling  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral 
segment  as  long  as  preceding,  distinctly  shortened  medially  by  the  broadly 
rounded  excavation  of  the  posterior  margin;  valve  large,  margins  dis- 
tinctly concave  medially  and  then  rounding  to  obtuse  apex;  plates  broad, 
spiny  mai-gins  quickly  narrowing  to  the  attenuate  and  acute  tips;  py- 
gofers densely  bristled,  their  acute  tips  exceeding  the  plates. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Cherokee  county  only. 

Hosts:    De  Long  reports  this  species  from  small  grasses. 

Deltocephalus  compactus  0.  &  B. 

Deltocephalus  compactus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  217,  pi.  25,  fig.  3,  1897. 
Deltocephalus  compactus  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  521,   1905. 
Deltocephalus  compactus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  52,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  compactus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  643,  1917. 
Deltocephalus  compactus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  63,  1919. 

Form:  Much  like  ^veedi.  Length,  2.75  mm.  Vertex  with  length 
equalling  width  or  slightly  longer,  disc  sloping  and  roundingly  meeting 
front,  quite  obtuse  apically.  Pronotum  as  in  obtectus.  Elytra  short, 
broad,  sometimes  nearly  equalling  abdomen,  sometimes  exceeding  it, 
clavus  reticulated,  central  anteapical  cell  divided. 

Color:  Very  much  like  weedi,  brown;  vertex  yellowish,  with  ocelli,  a 
pair  of  spots  inside  them  and  a  pair  at  apex,  black,  a  large  broad  pair 
light  brown  and  curved  marginally,  a  pair  of  transverse  median  and 
median  longitudinal  lines,  black.  Pronotum  brown  with  the  five  faint 
longitudinal  lines.  Scutellum  with  basal  angles  and  two  spots  on  disc, 
dark.  Elytra  brown  with  nervures  broadly  light  and  usually  heavily 
margined  with  fuscous.  Face  black  with  light  arcs. 

External  genitctlia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  consisting  of  two 
membranes  as  in  obtectus,  the  inner  deeply  and  circularly  emarginate 
behind,  nearly  covered  by  the  outer  membrane  which  is  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  with  its  posterior  margin  roundingly  and  medially  produced; 
pygofers  broad,  distally  spined,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last 
ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding  except  medially,  due  to  broad  and 
angular  excavation  of  the  posterior  margin ;  valve  small,  posterior  margin 
slightly  rounded;  plates  broad  at  base,  but  with  spiny  margins  concavely 
narrowed  to  attenuated  and  acute  apices,  which  exceed  the  short,  bristly 
pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county. 
Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  report  this  species  from  Sporobolus 
hookeri;  De  Long  reports  it  as  abundant  on  Aristida  gracilis. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  157 

Deltocephalus  inimicus   (Say). 

(PI.  12,  figs.  1-2.) 

Jassus  inimicus  Say,  JI.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  305,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  382. 

Amblycephalus  inimicus  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  61,  1851. 

Tettigonia  inimica  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1158,  1852. 

Jassus  6-punctatus  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,,  iv,  p.  378,  1872. 

Jassus  inimicus  Forbes,  14th  Kept.  111.  St.  Ent.,  pp.  22,  67,  1884. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxi,  p.  11,  1889. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Osb.,  la.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  Kept,  for  1892,  p.  687. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Osb.,  Insect  Life,  v,  p.  113,  1892. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  30,  p.  45,  1893. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  215,  pi.  24,  fig.  3,  1897. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  523,  1905. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  72,  fig.  11,  1912. 

Deltocephahis  inimicus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  St».,  Bui.  238,  p.  123,  1915. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  51,  1916. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  644,  1917. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.   184,   1918. 

Form:  A  large,  fairly  robust  species.  Length,  2.75  to  5  mm.  Vertex 
distinctly  wider  than  long,  disc  slightly  concave  and  rounding  with  front, 
very  obtusely  or  roundingly  angulate  apically.  Pronotum  long,  not 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  very  short.  Elytra  long  and 
rather  narrow,  exceeding  the  abdomen,  clavus  reticulate,  middle  ante- 
apical  cell  constricted  and  divided. 

Color:  Grayish  or  light  fuscous  marked  with  brown.  Vertex  whitish 
or  yellowish  in  light  forms,  fuscous  in  dark  ones,  with  two  small  apical 
spots,  a  pair  of  large  round  black  ones  before  the  eyes  and  between  and 
behind  these  a  pair  of  smaller  fuscous  spots.  Pronotum  with  two  large 
black  spots  on  anterior  margin,  sometimes  others  near  anterior- border, 
and  with  five  faint,  longitudinal,  light  lines.  Scutellum  with  black  basal 
angles.  Elytra  with  the  nervures  broadly  light,  bordered  with  fuscous, 
especially  in  the  apical  region.  Face  fuscous  with  light  median  line  and 
arcs.  The  color  of  this  species  varies  very  greatly  from  almost  unmarked 
forms  to  very  dark  ones.  The  three  pairs  of  spots,  however,  on  vertex, 
pronotum  and  scutellum,  are  quite  constant  and  thus  readily  distinguish 
the  species. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  long  as 
preceding,  composed  of  two  membranes,  the  inner  broadly  excavated 
posteriorly,  only  the  rounded,  lateral  angles  showing  from  under  the 
outer  membrane,  which  is  suddenly  narrowed  posteriorly  and  terminates 
in  a  three-lobed  posterior  margin,  which  is  about  half  the  width  of  the 
broad  anterior  margin;  spiny  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  equalling  or 
only  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as 
long  as  preceding,  posterior  margin  roundingly  emarginate;  valve  short, 
triangular,  apex  obtuse,  margins  slightly  concave;  plates  nearly  as  broad 
as  valve  at  base,  spiny  margins  concavely  narrowed  to  attenuate  and 
acute  apices;  pygofers  broad,  apically  obtuse,  sparsely  spined,  slightly 
exceeding  plates. 


158 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


External  male  genitalia:  Styles  triangular,  with  a  long  process  to 
connective,  lateral  margin  with  a  small,  but  distinct  notch  preapically, 
apex  obtuse  and  granulated;  connective  flat,  with  middle  portion  cut 
away;  oedagus  long  and  robust,  heavier  basally,  sinuate  to  obtusely 
rounded  bifid  apex,  with  a  slightly  chitinized  basal,  dorsally  projecting 
process  for  attachment  to  the  base  of  the  anal  tube. 

Distribution:  One  of  the  commonest  species  as  shown  by  the 
following  map.  Sometimes  occurs  in  swarms  at  lights. 


Hosts:  Blue  grass  chiefly,  among  many  grasses  and  weeds. 
Osborn  records  it  as  injurious  to  wheat  and  oats  also.  One 
of  the  most  destructive  of  our  leaf  hoppers. 

Deltocephalus  osborni  Van  D. 

Deltocephalvs  osborni  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  304,  1892. 
Athysanus  osborni  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  220,  1897. 
Athysanus- osborni  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  249,  pi.  17,  fig.  4,  1902. 
Athysanus  osborni  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  527,  1905. 
Ahtysan-us  osborni  Kirk.,  Haw.  S.  P.  A.,  Exp.  Sta.  Bui.,  iii,  p.  58,  1907. 
Deltocephalus  osborni  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  649,  1917. 

Form:  Large  and  robust.  Length,  4.5  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  about  one 
and  a  half  times  as  wide  as  long,  disc  flat,  rounding  with  front,  apex  ob- 
tusely or  roundingly  angled.  Pronotum  short,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
lateral  margins  very  short.  Elytra  usually  longer  than  abdomen,  some- 
times shorter,  flaring,  clavus  not  reticulate,  two  cross  nervures  between 
the  sectors,  middle  anteapical  cell  divided. 

Color:  Almost  uniformly  straw-  or  tawny-yellow;  vertex  with  four 
black  marginal  spots,  the  middle  ones  larger.  Pronotum  with  five  pale 
longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  with  light  nervures,  often  margined  with 
fuscous.  Face  with  pale  median  line  and  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  composed  of  two 
membranes,  the  rounded  lateral  corners  of  the  deeply  excavated  inner 
one  showing  at  the  sides  of  the  basally  broad,  posteriorly  much  narrowed 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  159 

outer  membrane  whose  posterior  margin  is  then  lobed,  the  middle  one 
being  smaller  than  the  lateral  lobes;  pygofers  rather  narrow,  broadest 
at  the  middle,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  and  spined  on  distal 
half.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding,  posterior  margin 
concave;  valve  very  small,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broadly  triangular, 
acute  at  tips,  few  spines  on  margins,  exceeded  by  the  basally  broad, 
acutely-tipped,  long  bristled  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Collected  in  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:  Van  Duzee  took  this  species  from  "grass  and  weeds 
near  the  borders  of  a  low,  swampy  wood." 

Deltocephalus  punctatus  (0.  &  B.). 

Athysamev  punctatus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  94,  1898. 
Deltoce/>},ali'x  i,v,tc1alu»  Van  D.,   Univ.   Calif.   P.ubl.,   Div.  Ent.,  Tech.   Bui.,   i,  p.  249, 
1916. 

Deltocei'lahis  punctatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  650,  1917. 

Form:  Short  and  rather  robust.  Length,  2.5  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex 
slightly  wider  than  long,  disc  sloping,  apex  obtuse.  Pronotum  longer  than 
vertex,  not  twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral 
margins  long,  rounding  with  slightly  emarginate  posterior  margin. 
Elytra  long  and  narrow,  exceeding  abdomen  and  overlapping  apically,  or 
short  and  broad,  reaching  sixth  abdominal  segment,  venation  indistinct. 

Color:  Practically  uniformly  brown;  vertex  with  two  large  black 
spots,  dark  median  longitudinal  line  and  ocelli  and  two  apical  spots  red- 
dish. Black  abdomen  showing  through  elytra. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  long,  sides 
broadly  rounded  to  truncate  posterior  margin  which  has  a  slightly  ex- 
cavated median  portion;  pygofers  broad  apically,  spiny,  equalling  or 
slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  shorter 
than  preceding,  slightly  concave  posteriorly;  valve  very  broad,  broadly 
rounded  posteriorly,  three  times  as  broad  as  long;  plates  broad  basally, 
spiny  margins  concavely  narrowing  to  acute  tips,  two  and  one-half  times 
the  length  of  the  valve;  pygofers  broad  at  base,  acute  and  long-bristled 
apically,  equalling  the  plates. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  not  yet  been  taken  in  the 
state  but  should  occur  here,  at  least  in  the  northeastern  portion. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  took  the  type  specimen  on  Sporo- 
bolus. 


160  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Deltocephalus  balli  Van  D. 

Deltocephalus  balli  Van  D.,  Check  List  Hemip.,  p.  71,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  nigrifrons  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxi,  p.  293,  1894. 
Deltocephalvs  nigrifrons  O.  &  B.  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  218,  1897   (in  part). 
Deltocephalus  niyrifrons  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  116,  1897. 
Deltocephalvs  nigrifrons  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  122,  1915. 
Deltocephalua  nigrifrons  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  50,  1916. 
Deltocephalus  balli  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  650,  1917. 
Deltocephalus  balli  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  184,  1918. 

Form:  Length,  2.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex  over  half  wider  than  long,  sloping, 
broadly  rounding  with  front,  obtusely  angulated  or  broadly  rounding  api- 
cally.  Pronotum  distinctly  longer  than  vertex,  lateral  margins  very  short, 
humeral  margins  long.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  much  exceeding  ab- 
domen. 

Color:  Yellowish-green.  Vertex  yellowish  with  row  of  apical  black 
spots.  Pronotum  showing  five  pale  stripes.  Scutellum  with  basal  angles 
and  apex  reddish,  and  the  transverse  impressed  line  black.  Elytra  with 
light  nervures,  cells  often  fuscous.  Face  almost  black  with  coalescing 
arcs. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preced- 
ing, narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  broadly  emarginate ;  pygofers 
long  and  broad,  broadest  at  middle,  spined  on  distal  half,  nearly  equalling 
ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  wider  than  preceding,  concave 
posteriorly;  valve  broad  but  short,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broad  at 
base,  spined  margins  tapering  to  acute  apices;  pygofers  bearing  long 
spines,  acute,  and  exceeding  plates  apically. 

Distribution:  Records  are  at  hand  only  from  Riley  county, 
but  it  probably  occurs  well  over  the  state. 

Hosts:  Grasses  and  weeds.  De  Long  records  it  on  wheat 
and  rye. 

Deltocephalus  sonorus  Ball. 

Deltocephalus  sonorus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  344,  1900. 
Deltocephalus  sonorvs  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  220,  1909. 
Deltocephalus  sonorus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  IMv.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  79,  .1912. 
Deltocephalus  sonorus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  651,  1917. 

Form:  Like  balli  but  more  slender.  Length,  3.25  mm.  Vertex  dis- 
tinctly broader  than  long,  sloping,  broadly,  rounded  apically.  Pronotum 
distinctly  longer  than  vertex,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  mar- 
gins long.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  venation  distinct. 

Color:  Fuscous;  vertex  pale  yellow  with  six  marginal  black  spots, 
the  middle  ones  larger  than  the  others,  and  back  of  each  spot  a  light  brown 
spot  on  disc.  Pronotum  greenish-yellow  with  five  light  longitudinal  lines. 
Elytra  subhyaline,  nervures  light,  often  margined  with  fuscous.  Face 
fuscous  with  light  median  line  and  arcs. 

External  genitalia.:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than 
preceding,  lateral  margins  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  slightly 
emarginate  medially;  pygofers  rather  narrow  and  long,  spiny  on  distal 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  161 

half,  equalling  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  laterally 
as  preceding,  but  with  posterior  margin  concave;  valve  broad  but  short, 
rounded  broadly  posteriorly;  plates  broad  basally,  spined  margins  taper- 
ing to  acute  tips;  pygofers  exceeding  plates,  armed  with  a  few  stout  and 
many  fine  bristles. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county  only. 

Hosts:    Osborn  reports  it  as  occurring  on  annual  grasses. 

Genus  LONATURA  0.  &  B. 

The  members  of  this  genus  have  a  conical  head,  over  three 
times  as  wide  across  the  eyes  as  the  length  of  the  vertex,  which 
is  obtusely  angled.  The  pronotum  is  short,  scarcely  as  long 
as  the  vertex,  only  slightly  emarginate  posteriorly,  covering 
base  of  elytra  and  scutellum  in  brachypterous  forms.  Elytra 
with  obscure  venation  and  only  two  anteapical  cells,  long  and 
narrow,  with  large  appendix,  or  short  and  broad,  covering  only 
second  abdominal  segment. 

At  least  three  species  of  this  genus  should  occur  in  Kansas, 
only  one,  however,  having  yet  been  taken. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Forms  small,  less  than  3  mm.  catalina. 
AA.    Forms  larger,  3  mm.  or  over. 

B.    Forms  large,  elytra  covering  only  first  two  abdominal  segments 

and  each  with  at  least  one  black  spot.  noctivaga. 
BB.    Forms  smaller,  elytra  longer,  covering  all  but  two  last  seg- 
ments of  abdomen  and  without  spots.  nebidosa 

Lonatura  catalina  0.  &  B. 

Lonatura  catalina  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  I>av.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  83,  pi.  4,  fig.  2,  1898. 
Lonatura  catalina  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  93,  1916. 
Lonatura  catalina  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  651,  1917. 
Lonatura  catalina  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  184,  1918. 

Form:  Very  small,  robust.  Length  of  brachypterous  form,  2.75  mm. 
Macropterous  females  slightly  larger  than  macropterous  males,  vertex 
about  as  long  as  wide,  sloping,  broadly  rounding  to  front,  obtuse  apically, 
whole  surface  distinctly  granulose.  Pronotum  shorter  than  vertex,  an- 
terior margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral  margins 
distinct,  broadly  rounding  with  slightly  emarginate  posterior  margin. 
Scutellum  large.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  exceeding  abdomen.  Brachyp- 
terous forms  have  a  slightly  longer  head,  very  short  truncate  elytra,  the 
pronotum  seemingly  covering  the  base  of  the  elytra  and  the  scutellum, 
the  latter  appearing  small,  the  abdomen  of  the  male  being  shorter  and 
more  robust  than  that  of  the  female. 

Color:  Macropterous  females  have  yellowish  vertex,  pronotum,  scu- 
tellum and  elytra  greenish-gray.  Macropterous  males  have  a  yellow  ver- 
tex, pronotum  and  scutellum  yellowish-brown  and  elytra  deep,  smoky- 

11— Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


162  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

brown.  Brachypterous  females  are  uniformly  orange-yellow,  except  for 
dark  eyes  and  ocelli.  Brachypterous  males  of  same  color  as  brachypterous 
females,  or  dark,  with  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  a  yellowish-brown, 
elytra  smoky-brown,  and  abdomen  brownish-black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  short,  broad,  slightly 
emarginate  posteriorly  and  with  a  small,  median,  bilobed  process;  py- 
gofers  broad,  slightly  exceeded  by  black  ovipositor,  bristled  apically. 
Male,  last  ventral  segment  about  length  of  preceding,  emarginate  pos- 
teriorly; valve  small,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates-  broad  basally,  con- 
cavely  narrowed  to  attenuate  and  acute  tips  which  exceed  the  short, 
bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Though  not  yet  reported  from  Kansas,  this 
species  surely  occurs  in  the  state. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  report  it  from  Sporobolus.  De  Long 
took  it  in  great  numbers  on  Aristida  gracilis. 

Lonatura  noctivaga  Ball. 

Lonatura  noctivaga  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  342,  1900. 
Lonatura  noctivaga  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  652,  1917. 

Form:  Large  and  robust.  Length,  4  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  at  least  one- 
fourth  wider  than  long,  sloping  and  broadly  rounding  with  front,  apex 
obtusely  angled.  Pronotum  short,  scarcely  as  long  as  vertex,  anterior 
margin  broadly  convex,  lateral  margins  long,  humeral  margins  long, 
scarcely  angled  with  the  somewhat  emarginate  posterior  margin.  Elytra 
short  and  broad,  obliquely  truncate,  covering  first  two  abdominal  seg- 
ments, venation  obscure  and  reticulate. 

Color:  Creamy-yellow;  vertex  with  four  large  marginal  black  spots, 
the  outer  the  larger,  with  a  faint  transverse  band  behind  the  latter,  back 
of  which  may  be  irregular  brownish  spots,  and  with  a  dark  median  line. 
Pronotum  with  five  light  longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  with  nervures  light, 
one  or  two  black  spots  on  posterior  margin  and  often  one  or  more  be- 
tween these  and  the  scutellum.  Abdomen  dark  olive  with  creamy  stripes. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  one-third  longer 
than  preceding,  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  broadly 
rounded,  posterior  margin  twice  notched,  with  a  small  median  lobe; 
pygofers  long  and  narrow,  narrowed  basally,  sparsely  spined,  exceeded 
by  the  very  long  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  the 
preceding,  posterior  margin  concave;  valve  very  small,  rounded  pos- 
teriorly; plates  broad  and  long,  spiny  margins  tapering  to  acute  tips 
which  are  slightly  exceeded  by  the  short,  sparsely  spined  pygofers. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  not  yet  been  reported  from 
Kansas  but  should  occur  in  the  northeastern  portion  of  the 
state. 

Hosts:    Unknown. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLHLE.  163 

Lonatura  nebulosa  Ball. 

Lonatitra   nebulosa  Ball.  Can.   Ent.,   xxxii,  p.   341,   1900. 
Lonatura  nebulosa  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  652,  1917. 

Form:  Distinctly  smaller  than  noctivaga.  Length,  3  to  3.5  mm.  Ver- 
tex nearly  one-third  wider  than  long,  sloping,  broadly  rounding  with 
front,  obtuse  apically.  Pronotum  longer  than  vertex,  strongly  convex 
anteriorly,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral  margins  distinctly  angulate 
with  the  slightly  emarginate  posterior  margin.  Elytra  short,  covering 
all  but. two  segments  of  abdomen,  rounded  apically,  not  reticulate. 

Color:  Straw  colored;  vertex  with  four  large  marginal  black  spots 
back  of  which  are  two  brown  transverse  bands,  and  a  brown  spot  basally, 
near  each  eye.  Pronotum  with  a  pair  of  light  brown  spots  on  anterior 
margin  and  very  faint  trace  of  the  five  light  longitudinal  lines.  Elytra 
subhyaline,  unspotted.  Abdomen  with  transverse  row  of  fuscous  dots 
on  middle  of  each  segment  and  sometimes  with  lateral  black  markings. 
Pygofers  marked  with  black  above. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  shorter  than  the 
preceding,  composed  of  two  membranes,  the  inner  broadly  concave  medi- 
ally, only  its  lateral  rounded  angles  visible  from  under  the  outer  basally 
broad,  but  apically  narrowed  membrane  which  has  the  posterior  margin 
truncate  or  slightly  produced,  and  the  disc  distinctly  elevated;  pygofers 
long  and  somewhat  narrow,  widest  at  the  middle,  very  bristly  apically 
and  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as 
the  preceding,  valve  small,  broad  but  short,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates 
broad  basally,  spiny  margins  concavely  narrowed  to  long  acute  apices 
which  exceed  the  very  short,  very  bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  county. 
Hosts:    Unknown. 

Genus  ACONURA  Leth. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  usually  yellowish  or  grayish 
species,  small  and  robust.  The  vertex  is  broad,  obtusely  angu- 
late, transversely  depressed  and  rounding  to  the  front.  The 
pronotum  is  short,  usually  shorter  than  vertex  and  with  pos- 
terior portion  transversely  wrinkled.  There  are  some  macrop- 
terous  forms,  but  usually  the  elytra  are  very  short,  and  with 
weak  venation.  The  ovipositor  is  very  long,  and  the  male  geni- 
talia are  characteristic  due  to  the  abnormally  large,  chitinous 
styles  and  oedagus.  Many  males  also  possess  a  very  large 
dorsal  spine  at  the  tip  of  the  hind  tibiae  which  seems  to  vary 
for  the  different  species. 

Several  undetermined  species  belonging  to  this  genus  have 
been  taken  in  Kansas,  but  at  present  we  have  been  able  to 
make  sure  of  only  two  species. 


164  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Robust  forms;  female  segment  with  large  median  lobes,  pygofers 

of  male  rounded.  robusta. 

AA.  More  slender  forms ;  female  segment  with  a  very  short  or  no  median 
lobe  in  the  broad  excavation,  pygofers  of  male  acute,  ending  in  long 
chitinous  processes.  argenteolus. 

Aconura  robusta  (Bak.). 

Athysanella  robusta  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  187,  1898. 
Aconura  robusta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  653,  1917. 

Form:  Bread  and  robust.  Length,  3  to  4  mm.  Vertex  short,  half 
broader  than  long,  transverse  depression  distinct,  very  obtusely  angled. 
Pronotum  short,  nearly  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  long, 
humeral  margins  indistinct,  appearing  like  part  of  the  medially  emargi- 
nate  posterior  margin,  covering  the  base  of  the  elytra  and  the  scutellum, 
making  the  latter  appear  small.  Elytra  short,  reaching  just  beyond  third 
abdominal  segment,  rounded  apically,  venation  weak. 

Color:  Grayish-yellow;  vertex  lighter  than  rest  of  body,  with  small  to 
large  brown  spot  near  margin  half  way  between  eye  and  apex.  Pronotum 
and  elytra  in  specimens  at  hand  unmarked.  Abdomen  usually  with 
transverse  row  cf  dark  spots  on  anterior  portion  of  each  segment  and 
with  faint  longitudinal  lines. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  deeply  emarginate 
between  the  long  acute  lateral  angles,  with  a  distinct  tooth  in  the  emargi- 
nation,  which,  in  our  forms,  does  not  reach  quite  half  way  to  the  tips  of 
the  lateral  angles;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  very  sparsely  bristled, 
greatly  exceeded  by  the  very  long  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment 
posteriorly  emarginate;  valve  small,  obtusely  angled;  plates  broad  and 
short,  diverging,  broadly  rounding  apically;  pygofers  broadly  rounding 
apically.  Apex  of  hind  tibiae  with  a  large,  acutely  pointed,  dorsal  spine, 
which  reaches  to  about  the  middle  of  the  first  tarsal  segment. 

Distribution:    Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Ottawa  county. 
Hosts:  Taken  in  pastures  where  buffalo  grass  and  Bouteloua 
abound. 

Aconura  argenteolus  (Uhl.). 

Deltoeephalus  argenteolus  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  473,   1877. 
Deltoeephalus  argenteolus  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  119,   1897. 
Aconura  argenteolus  Horv.,  Ann.  Mus.  Natl.  Hung.,  vi,  p.  567,  1908. 
Aconura  argenteolus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  653,  1917. 

Form:  More  slender  than  preceding  species.  Length,  2.75  to  4.5  mm. 
Vertex  as  long  or  slightly  longer  than  wide,  transversely  depressed,  more 
pointed  apically  than  robusta.  Pronotum  shorter  than  vertex,  anterior 
margin  convex,  lateral  margins  parallel  and  long,  humeral  margins  fus- 
ing with  slightly  concave  posterior  margin.  Elytra  short,  covering  third 
abdominal  segment,  or  long,  reaching  to  pygofers,  there  being  both 
macropterous  and  brachypterous  forms  in  both  sexes,  venation  weak. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  165 

Color:  When  alive  this  species  is  bluish-green  and  silvered.  The  dead 
specimens  are  yellowish,  unmarked,  or  with  the  dark  colors  of  the  body 
showing  through  the  pronotum  and  elytra,  and  each  abdominal  segment 
with  a  transverse  row  of  dots  on  anterior  portion. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  short,  broadly  and 
deeply  emarginated  medially  and  sometimes  with  a  small  tooth  in  the 
middle  of  the  emargination ;  pygofers  long  and  narrow  but  greatly  ex- 
ceeded by  the  very  long  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  large,  triangular,  apex 
obtuse;  plates  large,  diverging,  outer  margin  sinuate,  inner  margin 
broadly  rounding  to  meet  outer  margin  in  a  subacute  apex;  pygofers 
drawn  out  into  long  black  chitinous  points  which  run  down  between  the 
plates. 

Distribution:    Ottawa,  Greeley  and  Lane  counties. 

Hosts:  Taken  in  very  large  numbers  with  the  preceding 
species  in  pastures  where  buffalo  grass  and  Bouteloua  are  the 
chief  grasses. 

Genus  DRIOTURA  0.  &  B. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  very  robust  forms  with  short 
heads,  vertex  twice  as  wide  as  long,  and  parallel-margined. 
Face  broad  and  short,  twice  as  wide  above  as  at  parallel-mar- 
gined clypeus.  The  pronotum  is  very  short,  a  little  longer  than 
the  vertex,  transversely  striated  on  posterior  two-thirds. 
Elytra  rarely  long,  reaching  to  ovipositor,  usually  short,  cori- 
aceous and  coarsely  rugose,  barely  covering  second  abdominal 
segment.  Abdomen  short  in  male,  much  inflated  in  female. 

Two  species  and  a  variety  of  this  genus  have  been  taken  in 
Kansas. 

KEY   TO    SPECIES. 

A.    Color  black  or  brownish,  usually  unicolorous.          gammaroidea. 
A  A.    Color  gray,  vertex  and  pronotum  marked  with  white,    robusta. 

Driotura  gammaroidea  (Van  D.) . 

Athysanus  gammaroidea  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v,  p.  209,  1894. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  89,  pi.  4,  fig.  3,  1898. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  529,  1905. 
Anoterostemma  gammaroidea  Horv.,  Ann.  Mus.  Natl.  Hung.,  vi,  p.  568,  1908. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  132,  1915. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  64,  1916. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  654,  1917. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  74,  1919. 

Form:  Short  and  robust.  Length,  3  to  4  mm.  Vertex  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  front  margin  more  convex  than  posterior,  broadly  rounding  with 
front.  Pronotum  very  short,  over  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  lateral 
margins  distinct,  in  brachypterous  forms  humeral  margins  seemingly  a 
part  of  the  slightly  emarginate  posterior  margin,  more  distinct  in 
macropterous  forms.  Scutellum  small.  Elytra  rarely  long,  reaching  the 


166  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

ovipositor,  usually  short,  covering  second  abdominal  segment,  coriaceous 
and  coarsely  rugose.  Abdomen  broad,  inflated  in  female. 

Color:  Shining  black;  vertex  sometimes  with  reddish-brown  markings, 
legs  and  ovipositor  reddish-brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  pre- 
ceding, three  times  as  wide  as  long,  narrowed  posteriorly,  margins  about 
parallel;  pygofers  broad  and  short,  much  exceeded  by  the  very  long  ovi- 
positor. Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preceding,  emarginate 
posteriorly;  valve  broad,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broad,  diverging 
from  the  base,  broadly  rounded  apically,  equalling  the  short  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Pottawatomie  and  Cherokee  counties. 
Hosts:    Doctor  Ball  informs  me  that  Grindelia,  is  the  host 
plant  of  this  species. 

Driotura  gammaroidea  var.  fulva  Ball. 

Driotura  gammaroidea,  var.  fulva  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxv,  p.  231,  1903. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  var.  fulva  DeL.,  Tenn.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  64,  1916. 
Driotura  gammaroidea  var.  fulva  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  654,  1917. 

Form:   In  size  and  shape  as  in  gammaroidea. 

Color:    Nearly  uniformly  reddish-brown.     Last  segment  of  abdomen 
and  ovipositor  dark.     Eyes  and  ocelli  dark. 
Genitalia:    As  in  gammaroidea. 

Distribution:  Reported  from  Cherokee  county  only. 
Hosts:  That  of  preceding  form. 

Driotura  robusta  O.  &  B. 

Driotura  robusta  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  87,  pi.  4,  fig.  4,  1898. 
Driotura  robusta  Mete.,  Jl.  Elisha  Mitchell  Soc.,  xxxi,  p.  28,  1915. 
Driotura  robusta  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  64,  1916. 
Driotura  robusta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  654,  1917. 
Driotura  robuota  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  73,  1919. 

Form:  Slightly  smaller  than  gammaroidea.  Length,  2.75  to  3.5  mm. 
Vertex  slightly  longer  than  in  gammaroidea,  otherwise  structure  much 
the  same. 

Color:  Vertex  varying  much  in  markings,  sometimes  being  light  yellow 
with  several  small  dark  spots,  often  the  anterior  part  with  a  few  black 
marks  and  the  disc  with  two  large  irregular  spots.  Face  light  above 
with  dark  arcs,  then  greater  part  of  front  black,  tip  of  front  light,  and 
clypeus  with  large  black  spot.  Pronotum  anteriorly  black,  posterior  two- 
thirds  white,  sometimes  partly  blackened.  Elytra  black  with  the  nervures 
and  ramose  lines  white.  Abdomen  maculately  black  and  white. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  lateral  margins  broadly  rounded  with  slightly  medially  emar- 
ginate posterior  margin;  pygofers  wedge-shaped,  much  exceeded  by  the 
very  long  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preceding, 
emarginate  posteriorly;  valve  broad  but  short,  rounded  posteriorly; 


LAVVSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  167 

plates  broad,  divergent,  outer  margin  concave,  inner  margin  broadly 
rounding  to  meet  outer  margin  in  obtuse  apex;  pygofers  slightly  ex- 
ceeding plates,  covered  with  short  bristles. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county  only. 
Hosts:    Doctor  Ball  informs  me  that  Grindelia  is  the  host 
plant  of  this  species. 

Genus  EUSCELIS  Brul. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  generally  robust  with  the 
head  slightly  wider  than  the  pronotum.  The  vertex  may  be 
distinctly  angulate.  The  pronotum  is  rather  short.  The  elytra 
are  long  in  the  forms  with  a  transverse  vertex,  but  usually 
short  in  the  others.  The  ovipositor  is  rather  uniformly  short, 
thus  distinguishing  it  from  some  nearly  related  genera.  The 
genus  is  distinctly  lacking  in  positive  characters. 

Twelve  species  of  this  genus  have  been  reported  from  Kan- 
sas and  are  keyed  below. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Vertex  transverse,  much  wider  than  long,  margins  nearly  or  quite 
parallel,  anterior  margin  obtusely  rounding  to  front. 

B.    Size  very  large,  7  mm.  or  over.  magnus. 

BB.    Size  smaller,  6  mm.  or  less. 

C.    Ground  color  white,  not  greenish,  margin  of  vertex  with 

black  spots.  exitiosus. 

CC.    Ground  color  green,  vertex  with  transverse  bands. 

D.    Vertex  slightly  longer  on  middle  than  against  eye, 
transverse  band  on  vertex  narrow  and  straight. 

striolus. 

DD.    Margins    of   vertex    strictly    parallel;    transverse 
band  on  vertex  broader,  parallel  with  the  margins. 

parallelus. 

A  A.    Vertex  not  distinctly  transverse,  usually  produced  and  angulate ;  an- 
terior margin  meeting  front  at  an  angle. 
B.    Vertex  distinctly  wider  than  its  middle  length. 

C.    Markings  of  vertex  in  form  of  transverse  lines  or  absent. 
D.    Species  stout,  elytra  shorter  than  or  only  slightly 
exceeding  abdomen,  central  anteapical  cell  rarely 
constricted. 

E.    Straw-colored  species.  extrusus. 

EE.    Black  species. 

F.  Vertex  distinctly  angular,  nearly  twice 
as  long  on  middle  as  against  eye;  a  yel- 
low band  at  base  of  vertex  and  usually 
the  nervures  yellow.  uhleri. 

FF.    Vertex   rounding,   but  little  longer  on 
middle  than  at  eye.        anthracinus. 

*  Adapted  from  key  by  Osborn  &  Ball,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  pp.  231-257,   1902. 


168  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

AA.    Vertex  not  distinctly  transverse — concluded. 

DD.    Species  more  elongate,  elytra  longer  than   abdo- 
men; anterior  and  middle  legs  with  the  black  fem- 
ora orange-tipped.  striatulus. 
CC.    Margin    of    vertex    with    four    black    spots;    pronotinr: 
striped  with  black  and  with  four  stripes  on  each  elytron. 

comma. 

BB.    Vertex  narrow,   its   basal   width   rarely   equal   to   its   middle 
length. 

C.    Face  marked  with  a  fuscous  "Y";  ovipositor  rarely  ex- 
tending beyond  elytra.  curtisii. 
CC.    Face  without  fuscous  "Y";  ovipositor  usually  extending 
beyond  elytra. 
D.    Face  with  a  transverse  white  band  below  eyes,  pro- 

notum  black  and  yellow.  bicolor. 

DD.    Face  unicolorous;   pronotum  with  a  row  of  sub- 
marginal  spots.  obtutus. 

Euscelis  magnus  (0.  &  B.). 

Athysanvs  magnus  O.  &  B.,  I*.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  225,  pi.  26,  fig.  2,  1897. 
A.thysanus  magnus  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  273,  1902. 
Euscelis  magnus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  655,  1917. 

Form:  Very  large  and  robust,  by  far  the  largest  member  of  the  genus. 
Length,  7  to  8.5  mm.  Vertex  practically  parallel-margined,  four  times  as 
wide  as  long,  broadly  rounding  with  front.  Pronotum  transverse,  about 
three  times  as  wide  as  long,  nearly  parallel-margined,  lateral  margins 
long  and  parallel,  humeral  margins  broadly  rounding  with  emarginate 
posterior  margin,  disc  distinctly  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  broad,  but 
distinctly  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Ashy-gray;  vertex  yellowish,  sparsely  irrorate,  with  brown 
along  anterior  and  posterior  margins,  so  that  there  seems  to  be  a  light 
transverse  band  between.  Pronotum  brownish,  with  a  transverse  yellow 
band  just  back  of  the  middle.  Elytra  with  light  nervures  marked  with 
brown,  the  center  of  the  cells  irrorate  with  brown  and  the  costal  margin 
yellowish-white.  Face  yellow,  irrorate  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  scarcely  longer 
than  the  preceding,  lateral  margins  produced  and  broadly  rounded, 
posterior  margin  deeply  and  broadly  emarginate  between  the  lateral 
lobes,  slightly  produced  medially  and  with  a  distinct  notch,  so  that  there 
seem  to  be  two  small  median  lobes;  pygofers  robust  and  long,  nearly 
equalling  ovipositor,  with  a  distinct  longitudinal  depression  on  the  sides 
along  apical  third,  bearing  a  few  short  spines  distally.  Male,  valve  tri- 
angular, narrow,  about  half  the  length  of  the  last  ventral  segment,  apex 
obtuse;  plates  nearly  three  times  the  last  ventral  segment,  spiny  margins 
rounding  basally,  then  tapering  to  long  acute  tips  which  exceed  the  short 
bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas  and 
Neosho  counties.  Reported  also  from  Pottawatomie  county. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  report  taking  this  species  from 
Spartina  cynosuroides  exclusively. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  169 

Euscelis  exitiosus  (Uhl.). 

(PI.  12,  figs.  9-10.) 

Cicadula  exitiosa  Uhl.,  Am.  Ent.,  iii,  p.  72,  1880. 
Limotettix  exitiosa  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  306,  1892. 
Eutettix  exitiosus  O.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  100,  1895. 
Athysanus  exitiosus  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  234,  pi.  16,  fig.  2,  1902. 
Athysanus  exitiosus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  86,  fig.  21,   1912. 
Athysanus  exitiosa  Will.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  viii,  p.  226,  1913. 
Phrynomorphus  exitiosus  Barb.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Na-t.  Hist.,  xxxiii,  p.  534,  1914. 
Athysanus  exitiosus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  60,  1916. 
Euscelis  exitiosus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  655,  1917. 
Euscelis  exitiosus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.  6,  p.  185,  1918. 
Euscelis  exitiosus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  70,  1919. 

Form:  Varying  greatly  in  size.  Length,  3.5  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  one- 
third  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
broadly  rounding  with  front,  obtusely  angled  at  apex.  Pronotum  one- 
third  longer  than  vertex,  lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  dis- 
tinctly emarginate.  Elytra  greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen,  somewhat 
flaring  apically,  appendix  large,  extending  entirely  around  the  end  of  the 
wing. 

Color:  Varying  greatly  from  quite  light  to  dark  forms.  Vertex  pale, 
with  orange-yellow  tinge,  especially  apically,  with  two  black  spots  on 
margin,  two  black  spots,  usually  fused  into  a  line  across  the  basal  angle, 
and  a  brown  crescent  between  the  eyes,  parallel  to  the  anterior  margin. 
Pronotum  light  brown  with  four  black  spots  behind  anterior  margin,  disc 
darker.  Scutellum  yellowish  with  black  basal  angles  and  a  brown  divided 
median  line.  Elytra  milky,  hyaline,  nervures  brown  and  distinct.  Face 
light,  marked  with  brown  arcs. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  posterior  margin  truncate  or  slightly  emarginate;  pygofers 
rather  long  and  narrow,  greatly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  sparsely 
spined.  Male,  valve  small  and  triangular,  apex  obtuse;  plates  narrow 
and  long,  three  times  as  long  as  the  valve,  divergent,  submarginally  spiny, 
exceeding  the  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia :  Styles  with  long  anterior  process  and  stout 
process  to  connective,  then  narrowing  rapidly  to  about  the  middle,  the 
margins  then  about  parallel  up  to  the  much  bent  terminal  hook;  con- 
nective slender,  Y-shaped,  the  arms  slightly  longer  than  the  stem  which 
widens  distally;  oedagus  with  basal  portion  broad  and  triangular  when 
viewed  dorsally,  terminal  process  heavy,  widest  at  middle,  ending  in  a 
blunt  hook. 


170 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:    One  of  the  commonest  Kansas  species  and 
found  throughout  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map  : 


Hosts:  Abundant  on  grasses  and  weeds  and  attracted  to 
the  lights  in  great  numbers.  A  distinctly  economic  species. 

EiLScelis  striolus  (Fall.). 

Cicada  striola  Fall.,  Acta  Holm,  xxvii,  p.  31,  1806. 

Jassus  frenatus  Germ.,  Mag.  d.  Ent.,  iv,  p.  86,  1821. 

Jassus  striola  Flor,  Rhyn.  Livl.,  ii,  p.  315,  1861. 

Limotettix  striola  Sahib.,  Cicad.,  p.  226,  1871. 

Athysanus  striolus  Fieb.,  Kat.  Eur.,  Cicad.,  p.  12,  1872. 

Athysanus  striola  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  91,  pi.  5,  fig.  4,  1898. 

Athysanus  striolus  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  235,  1902. 

Athysanus  striolus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent,  p.  527,  1905. 

Athysanus  striolus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  132,  1915. 

Euscelis  striolus  Van  D.,  Univ.  Calif.  Publ.,  Div.  Ent.,  Tech.  Bui.,  i,  p.  249,   1916. 

Euscelis  striolus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  656,  1917. 

Form:  Long  and  narrow,  resembling  an  Idiocerus.  Length,  3.5  to  5 
mm.  Head  wider  than  pronotum;  vertex  slightly  longer  on  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  broadly  rounding  to  front.  Pro- 
notum not  quite  twice  the  length  of  the  vertex,  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
lateral  margins  very  short,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra 
long,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen,  appendix  large,  nervures  indistinct. 

Color:  Greenish;  vertex  with  a  rather  narrow  transverse  black  stripe 
just  behind  the  reddish  ocelli,  not  parallel  with  the  margin,  having  broad 
green  bands  before  and  behind,  the  margin  of  vertex  showing  the  topmost 
of  the  black  facial  arcs.  Pronotum  a  little  darker  than  the  vertex  or  the 
scutellum,  the  latter  with  a  black  transverse  impressed  line.  Elytra  pale 
green,  often  clouded  with  fuscous  apically.  Face  greenish,  with  sutui'es 
and  arcs  of  front,  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  later- 
ally as  preceding,  lateral  margins  convex,  posterior  margin  roundingly 
emarginate  to  about  one-third  the  distance  to  the  base;  pygofers  long 
and  narrow,  nearly  or  quite  equalling  the  ovipositor,  fairly  spiny,  es- 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:. 


171 


pecially  apically.  Male,  valve  broad,  over  half  longer  than  last  ventral 
segment,  obtusely  angled  apically;  plates  together  forming  a  triangle 
about  as  long  as  broad,  three  times  as  long  as  the  valve,  obtuse  apices 
somewhat  divergent.  Margins  heavily  and  surface  sparsely  spined. 

Distribution:    Occurs  throughout  the  state  as  shown  by  the 
following  map : 


Hosts:  Professor  Osborn  records  sweeping  this  species 
from  grasses  in  low,  boggy  places ;  Van  Duzee  from  sweeping 
meadows  and  pasture  lands. 

Euscelis  parallelus  (Van  D.). 

Athysanus  parallelus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent,  xxiii,  p.  169,  1891. 
Limotettix  parallelus  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  306,  1892. 
Athysanus  parallelus  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  235,  1902. 
Euscelis  parallelus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  653,  1917. 

Form:  Resembling  striolus  but  larger  and  broader.  Length,  5.25  to  6 
mm.  Head  distinctly  wider  than  pronotum;  vertex  not  produced  as  in 
striolus  but  parallel-margined,  two  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as  long, 
broadly  rounding  to  face.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  long  as  vertex, 
lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  very  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra 
long  and  narrow,  appendix  large,  apically  flaring. 

Color:  Greenish;  vertex  pale  yellow  or  greenish,  with  a  heavy  trans- 
verse band  between  the  eyes,  leaving  only  a  narrow  green  band  in  front 
and  a  band  about  as  wide  as  itself  behind.  Pronotum  pale  green,  anterior 
margin  narrowly  black  and  sometimes  the  entire  disc  is  darkened  or  even 
quite  black,  transverse  striations  distinct  on  disc.  Scutellum  pale  yellow, 
unmarked,  or  with  two  black  dots.  Elytra  usually  pale  green  with  lighter 
nervures,  but  often  the  elytra  appear  dark  brown,  due  to  the  darkening 
of  the  cells.  Face  with  the  sutures,  a  line  on  the  clypeus  and  the  ai'cs 
on  the  front,  black. 


172  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  nearly  twice  the 
length  of  the  preceding,  posterior  margin  slightly  rounding,  with  a  wide 
median  incision  reaching  nearly  to  the  middle;  pygofers  rather  robust, 
equalling  ovipositor,  well  covered  with  spines.  Male,  valve  as  broad  and 
as  long  as  last  ventral  segment,  obtusely  angled  apically;  plates  very 
broad  and  stout,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  valve,  outer  margins  round- 
ing to  the  very  broad  and  slightly  divergent  apices,  the  whole  ventral 
surface  thickly  covered  with  spines;  pygofers  completely  hidden. 

Distribution:  Seemingly  confined  to  the  eastern  portion  of 
the  state,  as  shown  by  its  occurrence  in  Cherokee,  Pottawato- 
mie,  Riley  and  Russell  counties. 

Hosts:    Taken  sweeping  grasses  and  weeds. 

Euscelis  extrusus  (Van  D.). 

Athysanus  extrusus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxv,  p.  283,  1893. 

Athysanus  extrusus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  92,  pi.  6,  fig.  1,  1898. 

Athysanus  extrusus  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  237,  1902. 

Athysanus  venosus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  526,  1905. 

Athysanus  extrusus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  527,  1905. 

Athysanus  extrusus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  StB'.,  Bui.  238,  p.  127,  1915. 

Athysanus  extrusus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  61,  1916. 

Euscelis  extrusus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  656,  1917. 

Form:  Short  and  very  robust.  Length,  4.25  to  5.5.  mm.  Head  as  wide 
as  pronotum;  vertex  twice  as  long  on  middle  as  next  the  eye,  over  one- 
third  wider  than  long,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum  short,  equalled 
in  length  by  the  vertex,  nearly  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  mar- 
gins long,  humeral  margins  broadly  rounding  with  emarginate  posterior 
margin,  disc  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  short  and  broad,  broadly 
rounding  apically,  just  equalling  abdomen  in  the  macropterous  female, 
and  equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  it  in  the  macropterous  male,  in 
brachypterous  females  leaving  last  abdominal  segments  and  pygofers  ex- 
posed. 

Color:  Yellowish,  marked  with  fuscous  and  black.  Vertex  pale  yel- 
low with  five  dark  triangular  spots  and  with  base  of  inner  margin  of 
eye  fringed  with  black.  Pronotum  and  scutellum  yellowish  marked  with 
light  brown.  Elytra  with  nervures  light,  usually  strongly  bordered  with 
fuscous.  Face  pale,  the  suture,  two  lines  on  the  clypeus  and  the  arcs  on 
the  front,  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  the  length  of 
the  preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  produced,  between 
which  the  posterior  margin  is  broadly  and  deeply  excavated;  pygofers 
broad,  equalling  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined.  Male,  valve  triangular,  as 
long  as  last  ventral  segment,  obtusely  angled  apically;  plates  broad, 
three  times  as  long  as  valve,  lateral  margins  parallel,  inner  margins 
roundingly  divergent  to  meet  lateral  margins  in  an  obtuse  apex,  sparsely 
spined  along  margin  and  surface,  more  spiny  apically;  pygofers  very 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  173 

characteristic,  compressed  beneath  the  plates,  terminating  in  long  style- 
like  processes  which  extend  beyond  the  plates  by  the  length  of  the  latter. 

Distribution:   Hitherto  taken  in  Douglas  county  only. 
Hosts:   A  grass  species. 

Euscelis  uhleri  (Ball). 

Athysanus  uhleri  Ball,  Can.  Ent,  xliii,  p.  200,  1911. 
Athysanus  plutonius  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  282,  1889. 
Athysanus  plutonius  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  240,  pi.  16,  fig.  3,  1902. 
Athysanus  plutonius  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  528,  1905. 
Athysanus  plutonius  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  126,  1915. 
Euscelis  uhleri  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  657,  1917. 

Form:  Robust,  widening  distally.  Length,  4  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex  nearly 
twice  as  long  on  middle  as  next  the  eye,  twice  as  long  as  broad,  obtusely 
angled  apically,  margins  straight.  Pronotum  half  longer  than  vertex, 
lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate,  disc  trans- 
versely wrinkled.  Elytra  moderately  long,  equalling  or  slightly  exceed- 
ing abdomen,  broad,  nearly  truncate  posteriorly. 

Color:  Black;  vertex  with  broad  line,  a  spot  against  either  eye,  several 
apical  and  preapical  spots,  yellow.  Pronotum  with  a  few  yellow  spots. 
Scutellum  with  yellow  spots  along  margin  and  at  apex,  two  curved  basal 
lines  on  either  side  of  the  middle.  Elytra  with  nervures  broadly  yellow. 
All  the  above  yellow  markings  may  be  lacking,  resulting  in  a  shining 
black  form.  On  the  other  hand,  the  yellow  markings  may  be  much 
stronger  and  the  elytra  may  be  smoky  or  fuscous  with  the  nervures 
broadly  margined  with  fuscous.  Face  black  with  yellow  arcs  and  some- 
times with  yellow  spots.  Front  and  middle  legs  yellow  from  tip  of 
femora  on. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  a  little  longer  than 
the  preceding,  lateral  angles  produced,  subacute,  between  them  the  pos- 
terior margin  is  widely  emarginate,  the  middle  portion  slightly  roundingly 
produced;  pygofers  broad  and  short,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  sparsely 
spined  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  about  half  as  long  as  last  ventral  seg- 
ment, rounding  posteriorly;  plates  about  two  and  one-half  times  as  long 
as  valve,  tapering  to  subacute  apices  which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Reported  from  Riley  county. 
Hosts:   Taken  from  grasses. 

Euscelis  anthracinus  (VanD.). 

Athysanus  anthracinus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxvi,  p.  136,  1894. 

Athysanus  anthracinus  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  241,  1902. 

Athysanus  anthracinus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  528,  1905. 

Athysanus  anthracinus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  126,  1915. 

Athysanus  anthracinus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  61,  1916. 

Euscelis  anthracinus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  658,  1917. 

Evsrrlis  anthracinus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  71,  1919. 

(Schleroracus  anthracinus  Uhl.  MS.)   in  litt. 

(Conogonus  t/agates  Ashm.  MS.)   Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  1,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 

Form:  Much  like  preceding  species.  Length,  3.5  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex 
slightly  longer  on  middle  than  against  eye,  two  to  two  and  one-half 


174  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

times  as  wide  as  long,  and  obtusely  conical  and  broadly  rounding  with 
front,  blunter  apically  than  uhleri.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  long  as 
vertex,  lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  distinctly  concave,  disc 
transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  broad,  exceeding  abdomen,  broadly  round- 
ing and  slightly  flaring  apically. 

Color:  Shining  black;  vertex  with  ocelli,  two  basal  spots  and  some- 
times an  apical  spot,  yellow.  Face  with  a  few  yellow  arcs  on  front. 
Front  and  middle  legs  yellow  from  the  apex  of  the  femora. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  slightly  longer  than 
preceding,  posterior  margin  broadly  and  shallowly  emarginate,  slightly 
produced  medially,  lateral  angles  obtuse;  pygofers  broad,  nearly  or  quite 
equalling  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  broad, 
triangular,  very  obtuse  apically,  nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  last  ventral 
segment;  plates  over  twice  the  length  of  the  valve,  roundingly  triangular 
to  blunt  apices,  margins  and  tips  spiny,  equalling  the  apically  rounding 
pygofers. 

Distribution:  Seemingly  found  only  in  the  eastern  portion  of 
the  state  as  shown  by  its  occurrence  in  Douglas,  Pottawatomie, 
Linn  and  Chautauqua  counties. 

Hosts:   A  grass  species. 

Eiiscelis  striatulus  (Fall.). 

Cicada  strialuta  Fall.,  Hemip.  Suec.,  Cicad.,  p.  45,  1826. 

Jassus  striatulus  Flor.,  Rhyn.  Livl.,  ii,  p.  361,  1861. 

Limotettix  striatula  Sahib.,  Cicad.,  253,  1871. 

Jassus  plutonius  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  470,  1877. 

Athysanus  striatulus  Mel.,  Cicad.  Mitt.  Eur.,  p.  264,  1896. 

Thamnotettix  striatulus  Edw.,  Hemip.  Homop.  Brit.  Isds.,  p.  172,  pi.  19,  fig.  9,  1896. 

Athysanus  striatulus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  91,  pi.  5,  fig.  3,  1898. 

Athysanus  vaccinii  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Na<t.,  ii,  p.  242,  1902. 

Athysanus  vaccinii  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent..  p.  528,  1905. 

Athysanus  vaccmii  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  130,  1915. 

Euscelis  striatubui  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  658,  1917. 

Form:  Rather  long  and  slender,  especially  the  males.  Length,  3.5 
to  4.5  mm.  Vertex  about  one-fourth  longer  on  middle  than  near  the  eyes, 
twice  as  wide  as  long,  disc  sloping  and  broadly  rounded  with  front,  apex 
obtusely  angled.  Pronotum  nearly  or  fully  twice  the  length  of  the  ver- 
tex, lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra 
long,  much  exceeding  the  abdomen,  somewhat  flaring. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  dirty  or  greenish-yellow.  Ver- 
tex with  two  curved  marginal  lines,  a  median  transverse  band  and  pos- 
teriorly a  band  or  a  row  of  two  or  four  spots,  brown.  Pronotum  irregu- 
larly marked  with  brown  spots,  often  a  row  of  them  near  and  parallel  to 
the  anterior  margin.  Scutellum  pale  or  marked  with  brown  spots,  basal 
angles  often  marked  with  orange-brown.  Elytra  greenish-brown,  ner- 
vures  light  and  narrowly  fuscous-margined.  Face  light,  with  sutures  and 
arcs  black.  Basal  two-thirds  of  femora  black,  apices  and  tibiae  yellow. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  slightly  longer  than 
the  preceding,  posterior  margin  emarginate  between  the  produced  lateral 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  175 

angles  and  slightly  rounding  in  the  middle;  pygofers  broad,  slightly 
exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  spiny  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  broad,  tri- 
angular, obtusely  angled  apically,  three-fourths  as  long  as  last  ventral 
segment;  plates  triangular,  over  twice  as  long  as  the  valve,  spiny  mar- 
gins convexly  narrowing  to  subacute  apices  which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county  only. 
Hosts:  A  prairie  grass  species. 

This  is  the  form  that  Osborn  &  Ball  identify  as  Euscelis 
vaccinii  (Van  D.).  In  his  catalog  Mr.  Van  Duzee,  while  still 
giving  Euscelis  striatulus  (Fall.)  and  Euscelis  vaccinii  (Van 
D.)  separate  numbers,  remarks  that  they  are  probably  not 
distinct.  If  this  is  true  then  of  course  Fallen's  name  stands. 
Dr.  Ball,  however,  thinks  they  are  separate  species  and  that 
the  form  described  above  is  Euscelis  vaccinii  (Van  D.).  Until 
some  one  goes  into  a  careful  study  of  the  two  above  species, 
Euscelis  instabilis  (VanD.)  and  probably  others,  it  might  be 
well  to  follow  Van  Duzee's  synonomy. 

Euscelis  comma  (VanD.). 

Athysanus  comina  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.  114,  1892. 
Athysanus  comma  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  223,  1897. 
Athysanu*  comma  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  246,  pi.  17,  fig.  1,  1902. 
Euscelis  comma  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  660,  1917. 

Form:  Broad  and  stout.  Length,  4  to  5  mm.  Vertex  three-fourths 
longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  almost  twice  as  wide  as  long,  disc 
flat,  obtusely  rounding  with  front,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum 
one-third  longer  than  vertex,  two  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as  long, 
lateral  margins  long,  humeral  margins  fused  with  slightly  emarginate 
posterior  margin.  Elytra  long,  exceeding  the  abdomen,  parallel-margined 
or  short  and  somewhat  flaring,  reaching  the  last  abdominal  segment, 
venation  indistinct. 

Color:  Creamy,  marked  with  black  and  brown.  Vertex  with  four 
large  black  marginal  spots  which  extend  on  to  the  front,  and  two  large 
basal  ones.  Pronotum  with  four  black  longitudinal  lines,  the  inner  pair 
extending  across  the  scutellum.  Elytra  pale  with  black  or  dark  brown 
lines  on  claval  suture,  around  apex,  and  along  inner  branch  of  first 
sector.  Fulvous  brown  bands  are  found  on  the  clavus,  dividing  anteriorly 
to  meet  the  lines  on  the  pronotum  and  scutellum,  and  one  parallel  with 
the  outer  and  posterior  margin.  In  the  brachypterous  forms  a  large 
black  comma  is  found  on  either  side  of  the  pygofer.  Face  and  below  pale 
with  a  black  spot  below  the  antennje,  a  pair  below  the  lateral  margins 
of  the  pronotum  and  a  stripe  on  the  lateral  margin  of  the  connexivum. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  the 
preceding,  lateral  angles  obtuse  and  produced,  posterior  margin  round- 
ingly  emarginate  with  a  black-margined  median  slit;  pygofers  broad  and 


176 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


stout,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined.  Male,  valve 
large,  triangular,  apex  very  obtuse  or  truncated,  sides  notched;  plates 
twice  the  length  of  the  valve,  margins  rounding  basally  to  the  middle, 
then  nearly  parallel  to  the  truncate  apices  which  nearly  or  quite  equal  the 
robust  and  short  pygofers. 

Distribution:     Probably    occurs    throughout    the    state    as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  give  Elymus  canadensis  as  the  host 
of  this  species. 

Euscelis  curtisii  (Fh.). 

Amblycephalus  curtisii  Ph.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  61,  1851. 

Tettigonia  curtisii  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1159,  1852. 

Jassvs  nervatus  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,  iv,  p.  378,  1872. 

Deltocephalus  curtisii  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  278,  1889. 

Athysanus  curtisii  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  290,  1890. 

Athysanus  curtisii  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Soi.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 

Athysanus  curtisii  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  221,  1897. 

Athysanus  curtisii  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad  Sci.,  vii,  p.  91,  pi.  5,  fig.  1,  1898. 

Athysanus  curtisii  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  251,  1902. 

Athysanus  curtisii  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  529,  1905. 

Athysanus  curtisii  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent,  Bui.  108,  p.  91,  fig.  22,  1912. 

Athysanus  curtisii  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  125,  1915. 

Athysanus  curtisii  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  62,  1916. 

Euscelis  curtisii  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  660,  1917. 

Euscelis  curtisii  Pent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  No.   6,  p.  185,  1918. 

Form:  Short  and  stout.  Length,  3  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  one-half  longer 
on  middle  than  against  eye,  about  as  wide  as  long,  broadly  rounding  with 
front,  right-angled  apically.  Pronotum  slightly  longer  than  vertex,  lat- 
eral margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  distinct,  long,  posterior  margin 
very  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra  broad  and  short,  usually  equalling  or 
exceeding  the  abdomen,  venation  simple. 

Color:  Vertex  yellow  with  two  large  black  spots  before  the  middle 
and  sometimes  black  marks  apically.  Pronotum  with  broad,  shining, 
black  anterior  band,  a  wide  median  yellow  band  and  a  narrow,  black  pos- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^.  177 

terior  one.  Scutellum  yellow,  with  two  brown  spots  on  the  disc.  Elytra 
fuscous  or  nearly  black,  margins  and  all  nervures  but  those  of  the  apical 
cells  broadly  greenish-yellow.  Face  pale  with  dark  spot  on  apex  of  front, 
dark  stripes  on  margins  of  front  and  on  clypeus,  forming  a  black  Y. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than 
preceding,  composed  of  two  membranes,  the  rounding  lateral  angles  only 
of  the  inner  one  showing  from  under  the  posteriorly  narrowed  outer 
membrane,  whose  posterior  margin  is  slightly  emarginate  with  sometimes 
a  very  small  median  lobe;  pygofers  robust,  nearly  or  fully  equalling  the 
ovipositor,  sparsely  spiny.  Male,  valve  broad,  as  long  as  last  ventral 
segment,  posterior  margin  rounding;  plates  together  forming  a  triangle 
about  as  broad  as  long,  spiny  margins  convexly  narrowing  to  acute  apices 
which  exceed  the  spiny  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee,  Douglas  and  Riley  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:   A  very  common  blue-grass  species. 

Euscelis  bicolor  (Van  D.). 

(PI.  13,  figs.  1-2.) 

Athysanus  bicolor  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.  114,  1892. 
Deltocephalus  virgulatus  Uhl.,  Proc.  Zool.  Soc.  Lond.  for  1895,  p.  78. 
Athysanus  bicolor  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Aead.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  222,  1897. 
Athysanus  bicolor  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  91,  pi.  5,  fig.  2,  1897. 
Athi/sanus  bicolor  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  251,  1902. 

Athysanus  bicolor  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  92,  fig.  23,   1912. 
Athysanus  bicolor  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  62,  1916. 
Euncclis  bicolor  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  661,  1917. 
Euscelis  bicolor  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  71,  1919. 

Form:  Very  much  like  curtisii.  Length,  3  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  nar- 
rower than  in  curtisii,  about  as  wide  as  long,  one-half  longer  on  middle 
than  against  eye,  conical  apically.  Pronotum  as  long  as  the  vertex, 
lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long,  posterior  margin 
barely  emarginate.  Elytra  rather  short  and  broad,  rounding  apically, 
venation  simple. 

Color:  Vertex  yellow,  with  a  pair  of  large  black  spots  on  anterior  half 
in  the  female  which  may  be  confluent  and  cover  the  entire  anterior  half 
of  the  vertex  as  is  the  case  in  the  male.  Pronotum  with  anterior  margin 
black,  the  remainder  bright  yellow.  Elytra  greenish-yellow  with  humeral, 
sutural  and  apical  margins  and  claval  suture  fuscous  or  black,  and  some- 
times with  subhyaline  and  fuscous  ai*cs  extending  obliquely  backward 
from  the  costal  margins.  Face  black  or  fuscous  above,  pale  below,  a 
fuscous  lower  band  sometimes  present  in  the  male. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  long  as  the 
preceding,  posterior  margin  angularly  emarginate;  pygofers  moderately 
robust,  widest  at  the  middle,  much  exceeded  by  the  long  ovipositor,  very 
sparsely  spined.  Male,  valve  very  small,  forming  an  equilateral  triangle 
one-third  as  wide  as  the  last  ventral  segment;  plates  small,  short,  little 

12 — Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


178 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


longer  than  the  valve,  together  nearly  semicircular,  their  margins  spiny; 
pygofers  exceeding  the  plates,  light  apically. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  long,  parallel -margined  process 
to  connective,  a  large  quadrangular  lateral  process  at  about  the  middle, 
a  distinct  notch  on  the  inner  margin  at  the  base  of  the  finger-like,  granu- 
lar, terminal  process;  connective,  with  sides  close  together  for  a  short 
distance  at  the  base,  then  spreading  and  running  parallel  to  tip  where 
they  fuse  and  join  the  long  oedagus  which  narrows  to  the  acute,  bifurcated 
apex,  the  points  close  together  at  the  tips,  a  circular  excision  between 
them  basally. 

Distribution:  Common  in  eastern  portion  of  the  state  as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Feeds  on  several  different  grasses,  especially  those  in 
low  places. 

Euscelis  obtutus  (Van  D.). 

Atnysanus  obtutus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.  115,  1892. 

Athysanus  obtutus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  222,  pi.  21,  fig.  2,  1897. 

Athysanus  obtutus  O.  &  B.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ii,  p.  252,  1902. 

Athysanus  obtutus  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  93,  fig.  24,  1912. 

Phrynomorphus  obtutus  Barb.,  Bui.  Am.  Mus.  Nat.  Hist.,  xxxiii,  p.  534,   1914. 

Athysanus  obtutus  -DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  63,  1916. 

Euscelis  obtutus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  661,  1917. 

Euscelis  obtutus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  72,  1919. 

Form:  Much  like  bicolor.  Length,  3  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  longer  and 
narrower  than  in  bicolor,  slightly  longer  than  wide,  conical  apically.  Pro 
notum  about  as  long  as  vertex,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  mar- 
gins long,  posterior  margin  very  slightly  emarginate,  disc  transversely 
wrinkled.  Elytra  rather  narrow,  apex  rounding,  not  reaching  tip  of 
ovipositor  and  much  exceeding  abdomen  in  male. 

Color:  Vertex  brownish,  with  a  pair  of  large  round  black  spots  on 
disc  and  usually  a  smaller  pair  behind  them.  Pronotum  brownish,  with  a 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  179 

row  of  small  dark  spots  near  and  parallel  to  anterior  margin.  Scutellum 
With  four  dark  spots  along  base.  Elytra  fuscous,  subhyaline,  nervures 
pale  except  for  the  aj)ical  ones,  which  are  strongly  fuscous.  Face  brown- 
ish, with  darker  stripes  and  sometimes  the  apex  of  the  clypeus  fuscous. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  the  length  of 
the  preceding,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate;  pygofers  rather 
narrow,  much  exceeded  by  the  long  ovipositor,  very  sparsely  spinel. 
Male,  valve  very  small,  equilaterally  triangular,  one-third  as  wide  as  lart 
ventral  segment;  plates  but  little  exceeding  the  valve,  bristly  margins 
broadly  rounding,  exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee,  Douglas  and  Riley  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  give  Andropogon  scoparius  as  a  host 
plant.  It  likely  occurs  on  other  grasses  also. 

Genus  EUTETTIX  Van  D. 

Doctor  Ball  characterizes  this  genus  as  follows : 

"Rather  stout,  head  of  about  the  same  width  as  pronotum. 
Vertex  rather  short,  slightly  sloping,  distinctly  transversely 
depressed,  the  apex  often  slightly  concavely  upturned.  Elytra 
moderately  long,  usually  slightly  flaring,  venation  simple,  only 
one  cross  nervure  between  the  sectors.  Elytra  without  super- 
numerary veinlets  or  ramose  lines,  or  with  these  reduced  or 
aggregated  into  oblique  bands." 

Mr.  Van  Duzee  adds  E.  cinctus  0.  &  B.  to  this  group.  It 
usually  has  but  one  cross  nervure  between  the  sectors,  but  has 
supernumerary  veinlets  to  the  costa. 

The  six  species  keyed  below  have  been  taken  in  Kansas. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Elytra  without  distinct  transverse  bands. 

B.    Large  species,  over  5  mm.  long,  elytra  black,  with  large  yellow 

commissural  spot.  pictus. 

BB.    Small  species,  less  than  4  mm.  long,  pale  yellowish-green. 

tenellus. 

AA.    Elytra  with  oblique  bands,  obscure  in  albidus. 
B.    Elytra  with  oblique  bands  distinct. 

C.    Anterior  half  of  elytra  white  or  but  faintly  reticulated. 

seminudus. 

CC.    Anterior  half  of  elytra  distinctly  marked. 

D.    Insect  reddish,  no  oblique  spot  on  base  of  clavus. 

strobi. 
DD.    Insect  not  reddish,  a  black  oblique  spot  on  base  of 

clavus.  cinctus. 

BB.    Elytra    without    distinct    oblique    band,    with    whole    elytra 
sparsely  reticulate.  albidus. 

*  Adapted  from  key  by  Doctor  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  31,  1907. 


180  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Eutettix  pictus  Van  D. 

Eutettix  pictus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  301,  1892. 

Eutettix  magnus  Osb.,  Ent.  News,  xi,  p.  395,  1900.  % 

Eutettix  subatnea  var  picta  Ball,  Proc.  Day.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  34,  pi.  1,  fig.   1,   1907. 

Eutettix  suba-nea  var  picta  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  65,  1917. 

Eutettix  pictus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  663,  1917. 

Eutettix  pictus  Lathr.,  8.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  75,  1919. 

Form:  Large  and  robust.  Length,  5  to  7  mm.  Vertex  little  longer  on 
middle  than  next  the  eyes,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  disc  sloping  to  a 
preapical  transverse  depression,  then  elevated,  sloping  portion  longi- 
tudinally striated,  raised  portion  transversely  striated.  Pronotum  over 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  shorter  than  the  humeral,  pos- 
terior margin  slightly  emarginate,  disc  transversely  wrinkled.  Scutellum 
broad,  elytra  moderately  long,  exceeding  the  abdomen,  venation  simple, 
only  one  cross  nervure  between  the  sectors. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  lemon-yellow;  anterior  half 
of  pronotum  dark  brown  or  black,  a  band  of  like  color  across  the  pronotum 
just  in  front  of  the  yellow  posterior  margin.  Elytra  dark  brown  or  black, 
a  common  oval  spot  on  the  suture  before  the  apex  of  clavus  and  anterior 
two-thirds  of  costal  margin,  pale  yellow,  these  varying  greatly  in  size, 
sometimes  absent.  Sometimes  a  large  hyaline  spot  before  the  apex.  Face 
in  males  dark,  in  females  black  above  and  below  but  light  in  the  middle. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  pre- 
ceding, posterior  margin  shallowly  emarginate  on  either  side  of  a  small 
median  lobe;  pygofers  broad,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  slightly  spined. 
Male,  valve  broad,  triangular,  margins  concave  just  before  the  subacute 
apex;  plates  large,  convex,  over  three  times  as  long  as  the  valve,  spiny 
margins  rounding  to  blunt  apices  which  equal  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  county  only. 

Hosts:    De  Long  reports  this  species  from  oak  shrubs. 

Eutettix  tenellus  (Bak.). 

Thami.otettix  tenelhts  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  100,   1895    (MS.  name). 

Ihamnotettix  tenellus  Bak.,  Psyche,  vii,  Suppl.,  p.  24,  1896. 

Eutettix  tenella  Ball,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  66,  pt.  4,  p.  35,  pi.  1,  tig.  I, 
1904. 

Eutettix  tenella  Ball,  Proe.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  41,  pi.  1,  fig.  11,  pi.  4,  figs.- 4,  5, 
1907. 

Eutettix  tenella  Essig,  Inj.  Benef.  Ins.  Calif.,  edn.  2,  p.  64,  1915. 

Eutettix  tenella  Smith  &  Boncq.,  Phytopathology,  v,  p.  335,   1915. 

Eutettix  tenella  Boncq.  &  Hart.,  Phytopathology,  p.  348,  1916. 

Eutettix  tenellus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  664,  1917. 

Eutettix  tenella  Ball,  Utah  Agr.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  155,  1917. 

Eutettix  tenella  Ser.  &  Thorn.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  xi,  p.  308,  1918. 

Eutettix  tenella  Sev.  &  Thorn.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  xi,  p.  308,  1918. 

Eutettix  tenella  Stahl  &  Carsn.,  Jl.  Agr.  Research,  xiv,  p.  393,  19 is. 

Eutettix  tenella  Sev.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  xii,  pp.  303,  312,  1919. 

Eutettix  tenella  Sev.,  Facts  About  Sugar,  8,  Nos.  7-13,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  3  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  one-fourth  longer  on  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  transverse  depression  lacking 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLIDJE.  181 

or  obscure,  broadly  rounding  with  front,  apex  rounding.  Pronotum  twice 
as  long  as  vertex,  lateral  margins  very  short.  Elytra  long,  greatly  ex- 
ceeding the  abdomen. 

Color:  Pale  yellowish-green.  Vertex  yellowish  or  pale  orange-yellow. 
Pronotum  pale  green,  the  disc  darker  than  the  margins.  Scutellum 
greenish-yellow.  Elytra  greenish-yellow,  subhyaline,  the  black  abdomen 
showing  through.  Face  yellowish. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  long  as  the 
preceding,  lateral  angles  broadly  rounded  and  slightly  produced,  median 
portion  of  posterior  margin  slightly  produced,  with  a  semicircular  ex- 
cision reaching  about  half  way  to  the  base;  pygofers  long,  slightly  ex- 
ceeded by  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined  on  apical  third.  Male,  valve  large, 
semicircular  or  truncated  apically;  plates  together  wider  than  long,  sub- 
marginally  spined,  margins  practically  parallel  to  the  broad,  roundingly 
truncate  apices  which  are  slightly  exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  The  only  specimens  at  hand  are  from  Clark 
county.  This  species  probably  occurs  in  other  southwestern 
counties. 

Hosts:  This  is  the  well-known  leaf  hopper  of  the  sugar  beet. 
Wherever  the  latter  are  grown  this  species  is  of  great  economic 
importance  as  shown  by  Ball's  work. 

Eutettix  seminudus  (Say). 

(PL  13,  figs.  5-6.) 

Jassus  seminudus  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  307,  1331;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  383. 

Bythoscopus  seminudus  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  58,  1851. 

Thamnotettix  seminudus  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  246,   1884. 

Athysanus  seminudus  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  389,  1890. 

Eutettix  seminudus  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  307,  1892. 

Eutettix  seminudus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  529,  1905. 

Eutettix  seminuda  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  42,  pi.  2,  fig.  1,  1907. 

Eutettix  seminuda  DeL.,~Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  66,  1916. 

Eutettix  seminudus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  664,  1917. 

Eutettix  seminudus  Weiss,  Ent.  News,  xxix,  p.  310,  1918. 

Eutettix  seminudus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  76,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  4  to  5  mm.  Vertex  one-fourth  longer  on  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as  long,  a  distinct  transverse 
depression  just  behind  the  broadly  rounding  apex.  Pronotum  scarcely 
twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long. 
Elytra  moderately  long,  venation  indistinct. 

Color:  Vertex  and  pronotum  creamy  white,  latter  sometimes  faintly 
irrorate  with  brown.  Scutellum  white,  with  basal  angles  and  broad 
median  stripe  brown.  Elytra  milky  white,  a  broad  brown  saddle  across 
the  posterior  half  of  the  clavus,  a  few  brown  reticulations  on  the  base  of 
the  clavus  and  between  the  saddle  and  the  brownish  apices.  Face  creamy 
white. 


182 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  the 
preceding,  notched  on  either  side  of  a  median  tooth  which  itself  is 
slightly  notched;  pygofers  moderately  broad,  exceeded  by  ovipositor, 
sparsely  covered  with  white  spines  which  arise  from  black  dots.  Male, 
valve  large,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  together  forming  a  triangle 
about  as  long  as  wide,  over  twice  as  long  as  the  valve,  spined  margins 
convexly  narrowing  till  near  the  subacute  apices  which  equal  the  broad 
pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  large,  triangular  in  outline,  anterior 
process  large,  with  a  deep  incision  on  the  outer  margin  apically,  leaving  a 
long,  somewhat  curved,  bluntly  pointed,  terminal  process;  connective 
short,  Y-shaped,  the  stem  slightly  longer  than  the  branches;  cedagus 
heavy  basally  and  with  a  large  dorsal  process  to  the  membrane  of  the 
anal  tube,  divided  terminally  into  a  moderately  stout  median  process  and 
two  slender  lateral  processes. 

Distribution:  Common  throughout  the  state,  especially  in 
the  eastern  part,  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


CHirciW 

E  RAWUNS 

DECATU* 

NORTON 

WILL. 

SniTH 

JEWEU 

REPUp 

WASH 

HARSH 

NEH. 

BSO, 

^ 

) 

v 

A 

SHERHA 

N   TH*A5 

SHERl. 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OSB. 

HITCH 

CLOUD 

CLAr|3\POT*      JACK'  - 

TCHI^- 

WALLAC 

LOGAN 

GOVE 

TREGO 

ELLIS 

RUSS 

UNC 

OTTAWA 

firirr^ 

\^L 

DICK  b  —  \ 

MORRIS 

/IB. 

Sh 

n£ 

rl 

P*\ 

JOHN 

ELLSW 

SAUNE 

05AGE 

corrtij 

GREVr 

ft'.Cti. 

jcorr 

LANE 

NESS 

RUSH 

L.YCK 

FRflSK 

niAni 

RICE 

H'UlER 

OARION 

CHASE 

HAn 

CAR. 

r" 

CY 

•IODGE 

PAWNEE 

EOvvTl 

JSTAr 

RENO 

HARVEY 

EEN. 

"" 

SftH 

"*"' 

FORD 

BUTLER 

GR 

WOOD. 

Aftf, 

SO'JR 

STAN. 

mm 

i«rt. 

KIOAW 

PPATT 

KING. 

SEDGE. 

WILSON 

NCOS. 

ELK. 

CRAW. 

HORT  S 

rtv. 

SW 

MEAQ 

CLAI?K 

CQTAN. 

SARSE 

MRR 

SUHNER. 

COW. 

CHAUT 

no  NT. 

LAB. 

cS?RO 

Hosts:  The  plant  or  plants  on  which  the  nymphs  feed  are 
not  yet  definitely  known,  but  the  adults  are  taken  on  a  large 
number  of  plants  such  as  grape,  garden  vegetables  and  many 
others. 

Eutettix  strobi  (Fh.). 

(PI.   13,  figs.  3-4.) 

Ruthoscopux  strobi  Fh.,  Hoinop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  58,  1851. 
Phlepgins  strobi  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  390,  1890. 
Ent,'tti.i   Mtnthi  Hak..    Psyche,  vii,  Suppl:  i,  p.  24,   1896. 
Eutettix  strobi  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  531,  1905. 

Eutfttix  strobi  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  44,  pi.  2,  fig.  2,  pi.  4,  fig.  3,   1907 
Eutettix  strobi  Ball,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  66,  pi.  4,  p.  49,  1909. 
Eutettix  strobi  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  138,  1915. 
Eutettix  strobi  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  67,  1916. 
Eutettix  strobi  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  665,  1917. 
E ut, -ft if  xlri.bi  Lathi-..  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  76,  1919. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLHL-E. 


183 


Form:  Much  like  seminudus.  Length,  4.5  to  5.25  mm.  Vertex  one- 
fourth  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  as 
wide  as  long,  with  a  faint  transverse  depression,  and  broadly  rounded 
apically.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  rather 
short.  Elytra  moderately  long. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  varying  from  yellowish  ir- 
rorate  with  brown,  to  reddish-brown.  Elytra  usually  milky-white  with 
bands  of  brown  at  base,  and  across  apical  half  of  clavus.  Frequently 
these  bands  are  so  run  together  as  to  give  the  entire  elytra  a  brownish 
appearance.  Face  the  color  of  the  vertex. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  lateral  angle 
broadly  rounding,  posterior  margin  notched  on  either  side  of  a  small 
median  notched  lobe  which  gives  the  appearance  of  two  median  teeth; 
pygofers  broad,  nearly  or  quite  equalling  the  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined. 
Male,  valve  broad,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broad  basally  then  rapidly 
narrowed,  ending  in  elongate  filamentous  tips  which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  large,  triangular,  broad  basally,  termi- 
nal process  slightly  convex  on  mesal  margin,  posteriorly  straight  on  outer 
margin;  connective  very  stout,  Y-shaped,  arms  about  equalling  the 
basally  broadened  stem;  oedagus  with  a  wide,  dorsal  process  to  anal  tube 
membrane,  terminal  portion  composed  of  a  broad  median  strap-like  and 
terminally  bifid  process  and  a  pair  of  lateral  narrower  and  acutely  pointed 
processes. 

Distribution:  Seemingly  our  most  widely  distributed  mem- 
ber of  the  genus,  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


CHtrClM 

E   RAWLINS 

DECftTuR 

NORTOH 

PHILL 

SfllTH 

JEWELL 

REPUp 

WASH 

HARSH 

NEH.  Bfi0n 

"DONI 

5 

^ 

A 

SHERHA 

f. 

N   THOHAS 

SHE.I? 

&(?AH 

ROOKS 

OSB. 

riTCH 

CLOUD 

CL«r|5Cpo*TA  |JACK-- 
pA    .—           , 

TCHI^ 

_ 

WALLAC 

LOGAN 

GOVE 

TREGO 

ELLIS 

RUSS 

LINC 

OT 

mv« 

5J 

«-J 

EARTT 

1  —  \ 

10RR5 

AB 

fo 

p} 

JOHN 

ELL5VY 

SAUNE 

05ACE 

corrEt 

WOOD. 

GREVr 

WlCH. 

SCOTT 

LANE 

NESS 

RUSH 

BARTON 

LTON 

FRAVK 

nwm 

RICE. 

H'PHER 

n/1 

_ 

BUT 

H 

LES 

«E 
&R 

HAM 

<CAR. 

FJNf1 

EV 

HO^E 

PAWNEE 

—1  . 
EDW    j 

Jsw 

RENO 

HARVEY 

ECN 

AMO« 

ALLEN 

LINN 

STAN. 

BMftT 

HASK 

G.W 

FORD 

KlOWA 

PRATT 

KING. 

SEDGE 

ELK 

*«.» 

NEOS. 

CRAW. 

nORT   S 

TLV 

SEW: 

riEAO 

at 

COHAN. 

BARBER     H%f> 

SUriNER. 

COW. 

CHAJT 

Me 

LAB 

J. 

Hosts:  This  is  the  species  producing  the  purple  spots  on 
Chenopodium.  De  Long  reports  taking  specimens  from  wild 
rose. 


184  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Eutettix  cinctus  O.  &  B. 

(PI.   13,  flgs.   7-8.) 

Kitt.ttif  ,-\nctv»  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  97,  1898. 
K<itettix  jucunda  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  307,  1892. 
Knt,'ttijr  cincta  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  530,   1905. 

Kiit, •!< ix  (Mesamia)  cincta  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  64,  pi.  4,  tig.  1    1907. 
EutetUx  cincta  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  67,  1916. 
Eutettix  cinctus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  665,  1917. 
Eutettix  cincta  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  77,  1919. 

Form:  Rather  large  and  robust.  Length,  5.25  to  6.25  mm.  Vertex 
one-third  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  or 
over  as  wide  as  long,  a  distinct  transverse  depression  just  back  of  the 
broadly  rounding  apex,  margin  subacute.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral  margins  long,  posterior  margin 
distinctly  concave,  disc  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  moderately  long 
and  broad. 

Color:  Vertex  greenish-yellow,  apex  with  reddish  tinge.  Pronotum 
yellowish  or  greenish,  irregularly  marked  with  brown.  Scutellum  dirty- 
yellow,  a  small  pair  of  black  spots  on  disc  and  a  larger  pair  on  each 
lateral  margin.  Elytra  milky,  nervures  reddish-brown,  a  large  oblique 
black  spot  on  the  base  of  clavus  of  each  elytron,  a  broad,  brownish  band 
on  posterior  half  of  the  clavus  and  sloping  back  to  the  costa,  costal  vein- 
lets  broadly  black.  Face  color  of  vertex  above,  dark  below. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  one-half  longer 
than  the  preceding,  lateral  margins  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly,  pos- 
terior margin  sinuate  on  either  side  of  the  slightly  produced  median  half; 
pygofers  broad  and  short,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  quite  spiny 
on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  broad  but  short,  triangular,  apex  very  ob- 
tuse; plates  large,  spiny  margins  concavely  narrowing  to  upturned  apices 
which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  large,  with  an  unusually  long  process 
to  the  connective,  very  strongly  hooked  distally;  connective  very  long, 
Y-shaped  but  with  the  branches  close  together,  the  stem  and  the  branches 
about  equal  length;  oedagus  with  an  interior  process  to  membrane  of  anal 
tube  directed  cephalad,  and  two  sword-shaped  caudal  processes,  one  di- 
rectly above  the  other,  the  dorsal  one  slightly  broader. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS  CICADELLHLE. 


185 


Distribution:  Fairly  common  throughout  the  state  as  shown 
by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  The  definite  host  is  unknown.  The  adults  are  com- 
monly taken  on  weeds  and  grasses. 

Eutettix  albidus  (Ball). 

Phlepsius  albidus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  203,  1900. 

Eutettix  albidus  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  51,  pi.  2,  fig.  10,  1907. 

Eutettix  albidus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  666,  1917. 

Form:  Rather  small  but  fairly  robust.  Length,  3.75  to  4  mm.  Ver- 
tex one-fourth  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  about  twice  as  wide  as 
long,  disc  barely  depressed,  broadly  rounding  with  front,  quite  rounding 
apically.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  short, 
posterior  margin  distinctly  emarginate.  Elytra  moderately  long,  vertical, 
and  appressed  behind. 

Color*  Vertex  creamy-white  with  six  faint  brown  dots  on  anterior 
margin  and  disc  slightly  irrorate  with  brown.  Pronotum  pale,  sometimes 
with  a  few  brown  irrorations.  Elytra  milky-white,  sparsely  marked  with 
irregular  brown  pigment  lines  which  are  more  distinct  in  the  male,  a 
black  spot  at  tip  of  clavus  and  three  smaller  ones  on  basal  half  of  clavus 
at  the  edge  of  the  markings. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  three  times 
as  long  as  the  preceding,  keeled,  posterior  margin  slightly  rounding  and 
with_  a  small  median  notch ;  pygof ers  stout,  nearly  equalling  ovipositor, 
sparsely  spined.  Male,  valve  broad,  margins  slightly  concave  to  broadly 
rounded  apex;  plates  together  forming  a  triangle  as  broad  as  long,  mar- 
gins spiny,  pilose  apices  exceeded  by  the  spiny  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Clark  county. 
Hosts:    Doctor  Ball  gives  Atriplex  con ferti folia  as  the  host 
plant  of  this  species. 


186  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Genus  ALICIA  Ball. 

Doctor  Ball  characterizes  this  genus  as  follows : 
"Vertex  short,  sloping,  rounding  to  front,  without  a  def- 
initely angled  margin  except  near  apex,  transverse  depression 
faint  or  curved  posteriorly  in  the  middle  and  ending  at  the 
ocelli;  front  long,  wedge-shaped,  margins  not  constricted  be- 
tween antennal  sockets.  Elytra  subhyaline,  the  nervures  dis- 
tinct, dark,  two  cross  nervures  between  the  sectors  and  usually 
a  number  of  supernumerary  veinlets  along  costa  and  claval 
sutures." 

None  of  the  members  of  this  genus  have  yet  been  reported 
from  Kansas,  but  the  following  species  should  be  found : 

Aligia  modesta  (O.  &  B.) . 

Eutettix  modesta  O.  &  B.,  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  98,  1898. 

Eutettix   (Aligia)   modesta  Ball,   Proc.   Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  58,  pi.   3,   fig.  4,    1907. 

Eutettix  modesta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  628,  1917. 

Form:  A  moderately  stout  species.  Length,  4.5  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex 
barely  longer  on  the  middle  than  next  the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  as 
wide  as  long,  disc  sloping,  rounding  to  the  front,  distinct  transverse  im- 
pression just  back  of  the  apex.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long,  posterior  margin  very 
slightly  concave.  Elytra  moderately  long,  two  cross  nervures  between  the 
sectors. 

Color:  Pale  fulvous  or  tawny.  Vertex  whitish  with  a  pair  of  apical 
spots,  a  pair  of  short  lines  in  each  basal  angle  and  often  the  transverse 
depression,  tawny.  Pronotum  faintly  irrorate  with  tawny.  Elytra  red- 
dish-fulvous, subhyaline,  with  whitish  spots  and  more  or  less  definite 
bands  across  the  base  and  before  the  tip  of  the  clavus.  Face  pale. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  the  preceding,  lateral  angles  broadly  rounded,  posterior  margin  trun- 
cate except  for  a  broad  but  short  rounding  lobe  on  the  median  third; 
pygofers  stout,  widest  at  the  middle,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor, 
sparsely  spined  apically.  Male,  valve  broad  and  triangular,  rounded 
apically;  plates  large,  convex,  nearly  four  times  the  length  of  the  valve, 
apices  acute,  margins  spiny. 

Distribution:    This  species  has  not  yet  been  reported  from 
Kansas,  but  very  likely  occurs  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 
Hosts:    Doctor  Ball  records  this  as  an  oak-feeding  species. 

Genus  MESAMIA  Ball. 

Doctor  Ball  describes  this  genus  as  follows : 
"Vertex  with  the  disc  depressed,  anterior  margin  usually 
elevated   and  acutely  angled   with   the  front,   margin   often 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  187 

slightly  produced,  front  narrow,  slightly  constricted  at  an- 
tennal  socket,  then  angularly  widened  to  the  ocelli;  surface 
smooth  polished,  nearly  flat  above.  Elytra  subhyaline,  the 
second  cross  nervure  present  (sometimes  obscure)  and  the 
central  anteapical  cell  slightly  constricted.  Usually  with  a 
number  of  supernumerary  veinlets  along  the  clavus  and  costa." 
Three  of  the  four  species  keyed  below  have  been  collected  in 
Kansas. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Species  with  fuscous  markings  or  at  least  with  fuscous  nervures. 
B.    A  dark  saddle  on  elytra  between  the  cross  nervures. 

nigridorsum. 
BB.    Without  a  definite  dark  band. 

C.  Size  of  nigridorsum,  vertex  depressed,  with  four  spots  on 
anterior  margin,  connected  by  a  line  posteriorly,  with  a 
broad  band  below  vertex.  straminea. 

CC.    Smaller  than  nigridorsum,  vertex  flat,   sometimes  with 
a  narrow  line  above  and  below  margin. 

coloradensis. 
AA.    Species  fulvous-yellow  with   light  spots.  vitellina. 

Mesamia  nigridorsum  Ball. 

Mesamia  niyridorsum  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  60,  pi.  3,  fig.  6;  pi.  4,  fig.  6, 
1907. 

Paramesus  twiningi  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxi,  p.  290,  1894. 
Paramesus  jucundus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  84,  1895. 
Eutettix  nigridorsum  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  68,  1916. 
Mesamia  nigridorsum  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  628,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  3.75  to  5  mm.  Vertex  one-third  longer  on  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  not  quite  twice  as  broad  as  long,  disc  depressed,  anterior 
margin  elevated  and  acutely  angled  with  front.  Pronotum  scarcely  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  somewhat  shorter  than  the  humeral. 
Elytra  long,  flaring,  with  characteristic  venation,  two  cross  nervures 
between  the  sectors,  several  cross  veins  along  clavus  and  claval  suture 
and  with  six  or  seven  reflexed  costal  veins. 

Color:  Vertex  white  apically,  back  of  which  is  an  irregular  black  line 
connected  anteriorly  with  two  large  quadrangular  spots,  disc  brown. 
Pronotum  brown  anteriorly  back  of  which  is  a  light  line  containing  two 
dark  spots  on  either  side,  rest  of  pronotum  brownish,  irrorate  with 
fuscous.  Scutellum  brown  with  one  white  spot  on  each  margin  and  one 
apically.  Elytra  milky-white,  nervures  brown,  a  dark  brown  saddle  across 
posterior  two-thirds  of  clavus,  apex  and  costal  veinlets  black.  Face 
brownish,  black  above,  arcs  pale. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin broadly  and  deeply  emarginate  and  with  a  median  lobe  which  is 
slightly  notched  apically;  pygofers  stout,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely 
spined  apically.  Male,  valve  very  small,  posteriorly  broadly  rounded' 

*  Adapted  from  key  by  Doctor  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Arad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  60,  1907. 


188  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

plates  a   little   longer   than   basal   width,   margins   spiny,   acute   apices 
equalling  or  exceeding  pygofers. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Douglas,  Pottawatomie,  Riley  and 
Clark  counties. 
Hosts:    Doctor  Ball  gives  Helianthus  as  the  host  of  this 

species. 

Mesamia  straminea  (Osb.). 

Parameav*  straminfus  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  v,  p.  241,  1898. 

Hut rl fix  (Mfsamia)  straminea  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Aead.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  62,  pi.  3,  fig.  7,  pi. 
4,  fig.  7,  1907. 

Mesamia  gtratninta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  628,  1917. 

Form:  That  of  nigridorsum.  Length,  4.5  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  slightly 
longer  and  more  angled  than  in  nigridorsum,  about  twice  as  wide  as 
long,  disc  depressed,  margin  acute.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  wide  as 
long,  lateral  margins  short.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  often  flaring,  two 
cross  nervures  between  the  sectors,  central  anteapical  cell  sometimes 
divided,  with  six  or  seven  costal  veinlets. 

Color:  Straw-colored  with  a  greenish  tinge.  Vertex  with  white  an- 
terior and  posterior  margins,  former  with  an  interrupted  black  line  often 
reduced  to  four  spots,  disc  yellowish-green.  Pronotum  anteriorly  yel- 
lowish-green, posteriorly  darker,  irrorate  with  brown,  the  two  parts  sepa- 
rated by  a  darker  line  which  is  produced  medially.  Scutellum  olive-brown, 
basal  angles  with  orange  spot,  and  with  seven  light  spots  around  the 
edge.  Elytra  milky-white,  subhyaline,  disc  brownish,  nervures  brown, 
costal  nervures  and  apex  fuscous,  three  pairs  of  white  spots  along  the 
suture.  Face  pale,  darkening  with  dark  bands  above  to  a  black  line 
under  the  margin  of  the  vertex. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin broadly  and  deeply  emarginate,  with  a  median  lobe  which  is  slightly 
emarginate  apically;  pygofers  broad,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely 
spined.  Male,  valve  very  small,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  together 
forming  a  triangle  a  little  longer  than  broad,  margins  spiny,  apices  acute, 
exceeding  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Pottawatomie  and  Riley  counties. 
Hosts:  Doctor  Ball  reports  this  on  the  rough-leaved  species 
of  Helianthus. 

Mesamia  coloradensis  (G.  &  B.). 

Alii/gits  coloradensis  G.  &  B.,  Heinip.  Colo.,  p.  91,  1895. 

Paramesvs  immaculatus  Ba-11,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxvii,  p.  211,  1905. 

Kutettvx  (Mesamia)  coloradensis  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  63,  1907. 

Paramesus  coloradensis  Tuck.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  66,  1907. 

Mftamia  coloradensis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  628,  1917. 

Form:  Like  straminea,  but  smaller.  Length,  3.75  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex 
one-half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  about  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
depression  slight,  acutely  angled  with  front,  apex  a  trifle  more  pointed 
than  in  straminea.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  mar- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  189 

gins  short,  broadly  rounding  with  humeral  margins.  Elytra  rather  short 
with  the  two  cross  nervures  characteristic  of  the  group. 

Color:  Whitish,  sometimes  tinged  with  green  or  brown.  Vertex  un- 
marked or  usually  with  thin  interrupted  marginal  line  and  a  pair  of 
basal  spots,  brown  or  black.  Pronotum  usually  unmarked  or  with  disc 
irrorate  with  brown  and  a  few  dark  spots  behind  the  eyes.  Elytra  milky- 
white  with  nervures  brown,  sparsely  reticulated  with  brown.  Face  pale, 
unmarked,  or  with  dark  bands  darkening  above. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
the  preceding,  narrowed  strongly  on  posterior  half,  posterior  margin 
broadly  and  deeply  emarginate,  with  a  median  lobe  which  has  brown 
margins  and  is  very  slightly  notched  apically;  pygofers  broad,  exceeded 
by  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  small,  rounded 
posteriorly;  plates  about  equal  in  length  to  their  combined  basal  width, 
margins  spiny,  acute  apices  exceeding  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Ottawa  county  only. 
Hosts:    Doctor  Ball  gives  Artemesia  dracunculoides  as  the 
host  plant  of  this  species. 

Mesamia  vitellina  (Fh.). 

Acocephalus  ritfllinv.s  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  57,  1851. 

Jassus  twiningi  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iv,  p.  511,  1878. 

Xetenocephalus  vitellinus  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  390,  1890. 

Paremesua  furcatus  Osb.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  285,  1900. 

Paramesus  vitellina  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  516,  1905. 

Eutettix  (Mesamia,)  vitellina  Ball,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  xii,  p.  67,  pi.  4,  fig.  2,  1907. 

Eutettix  vitellina  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  139,  1915. 

Mesamia  vitellina  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  628,  1917. 

Form:  Our  largest  member  of  the  genus.  Length,  5.5  to  6.5  mm.  Ver- 
tex long,  almost  as  long  as  the  pronotum,  one-half  longer  on  the  middle 
than  next  the  eye,  less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long  in  the  female,  very 
slightly  depressed,  margin  acute.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
lateral  margins  not  greatly  shorter  than  the  humeral,  posterior  margin 
emarginate.  Elytra  long,  venation  indistinct,  but  with  the  two  cross 
nervures  between  the  sectors  and  several  costal  veinlets. 

Color:  Fulvous-yellow.  Vertex  yellow,  unmarked.  Pronotum  fulvous 
with  anterior  margin  yellow,  with  a  fairly  distinct  median  line  and  lateral 
ones,  light.  Scutellum  pale,  basal  angles  fulvous.  Elytra  golden  or 
fulvous-yellow  with  darker  oblique  basal  band  and  a  parallel  band  ending 
on  tip  of  clavus,  darker,  whole  surface  with  white  spots.  Face  yellow. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  nearly  twice  as  long 
as  preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly  to  broadly  rounding  lateral  lobes,  be- 
tween which  the  posterior  margin  is  emarginate  with  a  strap-like  median 
lobe;  pygofers  broad,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined.  Male, 
valve  triangular,  two-thirds  as  long  as  last  ventral  segment,  obtuse 
apically;  plates  nearly  four  times  the  length  of  the  valve,  apices  atten- 
uate, acute,  exceeding  pygofers,  margins  spined. 


190  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Distribution:  Not  yet  reported  for  Kansas,  but  should  be 
found. 

Hosts:   Doctor  Ball  gives  wild  rose  as  the  host  plant  of  this 

species. 

Genus  PHLEPSIUS  Fieb. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  generally  robust  species  with 
vertex  broad,  usually  distinctly  longer  on  middle  than  next  the 
eye  and  obtusely  angled.  Their  chief  characteristic  is  the 
marking  of  the  elytra  with  brown  ramose  pigment  lines  which 
are  not  confined,  as  in  Eutettix,  to  any  particular  part  of 
the  elytra.  Due  to  these  lines  the  species  are,  with  few  excep- 
tions, brownish,  but  even  in  these  exceptions,  the  ramose  lines 
are  found. 

All  of  the  twenty-one  species  keyed  below  have  been  found 
in  Kansas. 

KEY   TO    SPECIES.* 

A.    Head  narrower  than  the  pronotum. 

B.    Species  large,  7  mm.  or  over;  head  much  narrower  than  prono- 
tum; elytra  long  and  narrow. 

C.    Reddish-brown,  length,  9  to  10  mm.  nuajestus. 

CC.    Paler,  grayish  or  cinereous,  length  9  mm.  or  less. 

spatulatiis. 

BB.    Species  smaller,  7  mm.  or  less;  head  slightly  narrower  than 
pronotum;  stouter  species  with  shorter  elytra. 

C.    Sutural   margin   of  elytra   not  definitely   marked   with 
ivory  lobate  markings. 

D.    Elytra  marked  with  numerous  ivory  areoles. 

areolatus. 

DD.    Elytra  without  ivory  areoles.  superbiis. 

CC.    Sutural  margin  of  elytra  definitely  marked  with  ivory 
lobate  markings. 
D.    Species  longer,  length  6  mm.  or  over. 

E.    Rather  slender  species,  female  segment  ex- 
cavated to  base  or  nearly  so.        excultus. 
EE.    More  robust  species;   female  segment  exca- 
vated half  way  to  base.  decorns. 
DD.    Species  smaller,  length  less  than  6  mm. 

ovatus. 
AA.    Head  as  wide  or  wider  than  pronotum. 

B.    Vertex  short,  but  little  longer  on  the  middle  than  next  the  eye, 
edge  obtuse. 

C.    General  color  yellowish  or  brownish,  closely  inscribed. 
D.    Uniformly  colored  species. 

E.    Distinctly  robust  species,  narrowed  apically. 
F.    Margin  of  vertex  black  on  either  side 
of  a  light  tip.  lascivious. 

*  Adapted  from  keys  by  Van   Duzee.  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.   65,   1892,   and   De 
Long,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  68,  1916. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  191 

AA.    Head  as  wide  or  wider  than  pronotum — concluded. 

FF.    Margin  of  vertex  not  black. 

G.    Species  dark  or  dirty  brown. 

H.    Species    not    over    5.5    mm. 

long.  altus. 

HH.    Species    longer,    6    mm.    or 

over.  incisus. 

GG.    Species   fulvous-brown ;    length,   6 

to  7  mm.  turpiculus. 

EE.  More  slender  species,  elytra  narrowed  api- 
cally. 

F.  Species  about  6  mm.  long:  female  seg- 
ment not  produced  at  sides  into  dis- 
tinct lobes. 

G.  Female  segment  excavated,  with 
median  tooth;  male  valve  long, 
apex  rounded.  irroratus 

GG.  Female  segment  truncate,  with- 
out median  tooth:  male  valva 
short  and  truncated. 

truncatus. 

FF.  Species  smaller,  less  than  6  mm.  long; 
female  segment  produced  at  sides  into 
distinct  lobes.  lobatus 

DD.    Vertex,    pronotum    and    scutellum    yellow,    elytra 

dark  brown.  collitus. 

CC.    General  color  cinereous,  sparsely  inscribed. 

cinereus. 

BB.    Vertex  longer,  distinctly  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye; 
disc  depressed,  edge  acute  or  subacute. 

C.    Elytra  closely  dotted,  not  reticulated,  with  some  of  tho 

dots  in  irregular  lines.  punctiscriptus. 

CC.    Elytra  reticulated. 

D.    Size  medium,  6  to  7  mm.  long. 

E.  Head,  pronotum  and  scutellum  not  distinctly 
yellow,  elvtra  with  two  clearer  transverse 
bands  indicated.  aperttis. 

EE.    Head,  pronotum  and   scutellum  pale  yellow. 

elytra    evenly    inscribed.        fulvidorsum. 
DD.    Size  large,  7  mm.  or  over. 

E.  Length,  8  to  8.5  mm.;  elytra  distinctly  nar- 
rowed apically,  female  segment  not  produced 
medially.  nebulosus 

EE.  Length,  7  to  7.5  mm.;  elytra  scarcely  nar- 
rowed apically,  female  segment  produced  me- 
dially, solidaginis. 

Phlepsius  majestus  0.  &  B. 

Phlepsius  majestus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci..  iv,  p.  229,  pi.  26,  6%.  6,  1897. 

Phlepsius  majestus  Osb.,  20th  Kept,  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  533,  1905. 

Phlepsius  majestus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  76,  1916. 

Phlepsius  majestus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  667,  1917. 

Phlepsius  majestus  Ball,  Ann.  Ent.  Soe.  Am.,  xi,  p.  382,  1918. 

Phlepsius  majestus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  101,  1919. 


192  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

b\>nn:  Our  largest  Phlepsid,  elongate.  Length,  9  to  10  mm.  Head 
much  narrower  than  pronotum;  vertex  distinctly  produced,  twice  as 
broad  as  long,  front  long  and  narrow.  Pronotum  over  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  broadest  at  lateral  angles,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral 
margins  longer  than  humeral,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate. 
Elytra  long  and  narrow,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Reddish-brown;  vertex  yellowish,  two  apical  and  two  basal 
spots  black,  disc  with  a  large  black  transverse  band  on  each  side,  median 
longitudinal  line  brown.  Pronotum  yellowish  marked  with  brown  or 
black.  Scutellum  yellowish  marked  with  brown  on  basal  angles  and  api- 
cally.  Elytra  pale  yellow  to  milky-white  marked  with  reddish-brown 
irrorations. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  one-third  longer 
than  preceding,  posterior  margin  emarginate,  with  two  distinct  median 
points  between  which  is  an  incision  extending  fully  half  way  to  base; 
pygofers  broad  and  short,  equalling  ovipositor,  spiny  medially  on  distal 
half.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  truncate ;  valve  scarcely  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  roundingly  produced  to  very  broad  apex;  plates  long,  spiny  mar- 
gins convexly  rounding  to  blunt  tips  which  exceed  the  short  spiny  pygo- 
fers. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 
Hosts:    De  Long  reports  sweeping  this  species  from  weeds 
in  open  woods. 

Phlepsius  spatulatus  Van  D. 

Phlepsius  spatulatus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  78,  1892. 
Phlrpsius  personatus  Bak.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxx,  p.  30,  1898. 
Phlepsius  spatvlatus  Snow.  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  ii,  p.  349,  1904. 
Phltpsius  spatulatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  667,  1917. 
PMepsius  spatulatus  Ball,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  xi,  p.  384,  1918. 

Form:  Smaller  than  majestus.  Length,  7  to  9  mm.  Head  much  nar- 
rower than  the  pronotum;  vertex  one-fourth  longer  on  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  not  quite  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Pronotum  about  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  lateral  and  humeral  margins  about  equal,  posterior  margin 
slightly  emarginate,  transversely  wrinkled. 

Color:  Pale  grayish  or  cinereous,  sometimes  fulvous-brown.  Vertex 
whitish,  with  broad  transverse  brown  band  between  eyes  and  usually  with 
brown  spots  before  and  behind  this.  Pronotum  irrorate  with  brown  and 
yellow.  Scutellum  yellowish.  Elytra  cinereous,  regularly  inscribed  with 
brown,  darker  apically.  Face  pale  or  yellowish,  marked  with  brown  arcs. 

External  genitaliii:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  the 
preceding,  longest  at  the  rounding  lateral  lobes  between  which  it  is 
emarginate,  with  a  pair  of  stout  acute  teeth  in  this  emargination  and  be- 
tween them  an  acute  median  notch;  pygofers  broad  and  short,  slightly 
exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as 
long  as  preceding,  valve  narrow,  two  to  two  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  193 

long,  obtusely  angulated,  or  rounded  apically;  plates  long,  spiny  margins 
at  first  convex  and  then  suddenly  narrowed  at  proximal  third,  then  taper- 
ing regularly  to  long  attenuate  and  acute  tips  which  exceed  the  spiny 
pygofers,  with  a  brown  line,  parallel  to  margin,  on  the  proximal  third. 

Distribution:    Found  in  western  Kansas,  specimens  having 
been  taken  in  Reno,  Stafford,  Thomas  and  Sherman  counties. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 

Phlepsius  areolatus  Bak. 

Phltpsius  areolatus  Bak.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxx,  p.  30,  1898. 
Phlepsius  areolatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  668,  1917. 

Form:  A  stout  robust  species.  Length",  5.5  to  6.75  mm.  Head  nar- 
rower than  pronotum;  vertex  not  quite  twice  as  broad  as  long,  rounded 
apically,  disc  strongly  depressed,  the  margin  thin.  Pronotum  about  twice 
as  long  as  the  vertex,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  widest  at  lateral  angles, 
humeral  margins  a  little  longer  than  the  lateral,  posterior  margin  about 
truncate,  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  moderately  long,  flaring  at  tips. 

Color:  Cinereous,  marked  with  dark  brown;  vertex  yellowish  with  four 
black  spots  along  margin,  the  median  pair  larger  and  triangular,  with 
two  small  apical  spots,  and  disc  with  two  large  brown  patches.  Prono- 
tum irrorate  with  yellowish  and  brown.  Scutellum  yellowish  or  whitish, 
marked  with  brown.  Elytra  milky-white,  irrorate  with  dark  brown,  with 
a  strong  areolate  appearance.  Face  yellowish  irrorate  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  the 
preceding,  lateral  margins  strongly  narrowed  on  their  distal  half,  hind 
margin  broadly  emarginate  and  with  a  small  median  notch;  pygofers 
broad  and  short,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  bristly.  Male,  last, 
ventral  segment  longer  than  preceding;  valve  very  small,  rounded  pos- 
teriorly; plates  broad,  together  forming  a  triangle  broader  than  long, 
spiny  margins  narrowed  evenly  to  the  obtuse  tips  which  exceed  the  very 
short,  bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Sherman,  Pottawatomie  and  Douglas  counties. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 

Phlepsius  superbus  Van  D. 

Phlepsius  superbus  Van  IX,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  81,  1892. 
Phlepsius  superbus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  77,  1916. 
Phlepsius  superbus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  668,  1917. 
Phlepsius  superbus  Ball,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  xi,  p.  383,  1918. 
Phlepsius  superbus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  98,  1919. 

Form:  A  medium-sized,  semirobust  species.  Length,  6.25  to  7  mm. 
Head  slightly  narrower  than  pronotum.  Vertex  half  longer  on  middle 
than  next  the  eye,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  obtusely  but  distinctly  angu- 
late.  Pronotum  twice  as  long  as  vertex,  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior 
margin  strongly  convex,  humeral  margins  longer  than  the  lateral,  pos- 
terior margin  clearly  concave,  transversely  wrinkled.  Scutellum  large. 

13— Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


194 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Elytra  long,  distinctly  narrowed  apically,  slightly  flaring,  appendix  pres- 
ent. 

Color:  Yellowish  or  yellow-fulvous;  vertex  and  pronotum  yellowish, 
irrorate  with  brown,  scutellum  lighter,  with  traces  of  two  yellow  lines. 
Elytra  yellowish,  nearly  evenly  inscribed  with  brown,  white  lobate  sutural 
line  not  distinct.  Face  yellowish,  irrorate  with  brown  and  marked  with 
darker  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  characteristic, 
over  twice  longer  than  preceding,  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly  and  with 
a  very  large  median  incision  reaching  nearly  to  base,  making  the  seg- 
ment appear  almost  like  two  widely-separated  lateral  lobes;  pygofers 
very  broad,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  distal  half  bristly.  Male, 
last  ventral  segment  slightly  longer  than  preceding ;  valve  small,  narrow, 
posteriorly  rounded;  plates  very  broad,  short,  inner  margins  contiguous, 
outer  margins  broadly  rounding,  together  describing  a  semicircle,  slightly 
exceeded  by  the  bristly  pygofers,  and  with  a  row  of  spines,  well  in,  but 
parallel  to  outer  margin. 

Distribution:  Found  throughout  the  state  as  shown  by  the 
following  map : 


Hosts:  De  Long  records  sweeping  this  species  from  pas- 
ture and  grass  land. 

Phlepsius  excultiis  (Uhl.). 

Jasau*  excultu»  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iii,  p.  467,  1877. 
Phlepsiu*  excvltu*  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  80,   1892. 
Phtfpriiu    xcultug  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  534,  1905. 
PMepsius    xcultus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  77,   1916. 
PMtptius    xcultvs  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  667,  1917. 
Fhlepgius    xevltus  Ball,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  xi,  p.  387,  1918. 
PMepniut    xcultut  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  97,  1919. 
(JtutMs  inftimatug  and  scalaria  Uhl.,  MS.)   in  collections. 

Form:  Semi-slender  species.  Length,  6  to  7  mm.  Head  slightly 
narrower  than  pronotum;  vertex  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  half 
longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  disc  sloping,  broadly  rounded  with 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  195 

front,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  slightly 
emarginate  posteriorly,  lateral  margins  as  long  as  humeral,  posterior 
half  of  disc  strongly  wrinkled,  pits  distinct.  Elytra  long,  not  strongly 
narrowed  apically,  appendix  distinct. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  pale  to  orange-yellow,  irrorate 
with  light  brown ;  vertex  with  two  brown  spots  on  posterior  margin  near 
the  eyes,  pronotum  usually  with  four  spots  along  anterior  margin  and 
scutellum  with  two  spots  on  anterior  margin.  Elytra  light  cinereous, 
closely  and  evenly  inscribed  with  dark  brown  and  with  the  trilobate 
sutural  line  ivory-white.  Face  fulvous-yellow,  heavily  irrorate  with  dark 
brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  with  lateral  angles 
triangularly  or  truncately  produced,  broadly  incised  medially  nearly  or 
quite  to  base,  exposing  base  of  ovipositor  with  its  overlapping  plates; 
pygofers  broadest  at  the  middle,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  spined  dis- 
tally.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  the  preceding;  valve  broad 
but  short,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broad  basally,  triangular,  sub- 
marginally  spined  margins  somewhat  concavely  narrowed  to  acute  apicea 
which  exceed  the  spiny  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Reported  by  Van  Duzee  from  Kansas. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 

Phlepsius  decorus  0.  &  B. 

Phlepsius  decorus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  230,  pi.  26,  fig.  7,  1897. 
Phlepsius  decorus  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  533,  1905. 
Phlepsius  decorus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  141,  1915. 
Phlepsius  decorus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  76,  1916. 
Phlepsius  decorus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  668,  1917. 
PMepeius  decorus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  99,  1919. 

Form:  Broader  and  shorter  than  excultus.  Length,  5.5  to  6.25  mm. 
Head  slightly  narrower  than  pronotum;  vertex  one-third  longer  on 
middle  than  next  the  eye,  nearly  or  quite  twice  as  wide  as  long,  disc  flat, 
rather  acutely  angled  with  the  front,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum 
short,  about  half  longer  than  the  vertex,  usually  more  than  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  humeral  margins  distinctly  longer  than  the  lateral,  posterior  two- 
thirds  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  short  and  wide,  broadly  flaring. 

Color:  Usually  dark  brown.  Vertex  white,  with  a  few  broad  marginal 
markings  and  with  brown  irrorations  forming  a  broad  transverse  band 
between  the  eyes,  and  a  pair  of  more  or  less  definite  dark  spots  near 
posterior  margin.  Pronotum  yellowish  marked  with  brown,  with  two 
crescentiform  dashes  near  posterior  margin  and  a  black  spot  behind  each 
eye.  Scutellum  yellowish  with  two  spots  on  disc  and  two  on  anterior 
margin,  fuscous.  Elytra  milky-white  to  nearly  smoky,  marked  with  dark 
brown  nervures  and  irrorations,  scutellum  and  sutural  margins  usually 
white,  the  latter  with  the  three  ivory-white  lobate  markings,  usually 
distinct.  Face  yellowish,  strongly  irrorate  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  little  longer  than 
preceding,  lateral  margins  quite  short,  posterior  margin  truncate  and 


196 


THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 


with  a  broad  median  notch  reaching  half  or  two-thirds  the  distance  to 
the  base;  pygofers  broad,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  very  sparsely  spined  on 
distal  half.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preceding;  valve 
small,  triangular,  obtusely  angled  apically;  plates  broad  and  short,  inner 
margins  contiguous,  submarginally  spined,  lateral  margins  convexly 
rounding  to  obtuse  apices  which  are  distinctly  exceeded  by  the  preapically 
spiny  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Fairly  common  in  eastern  Kansas  as  shown  by 
its  distribution  on  the  following  map : 


CHtrcw 

C   RAWLINS 

DECATUH 

NORTON 

PHILL 

sn,TM 

JEWELL 

REPUP 

WASH 

MAR5H 

NEH. 

^ 

) 

\ 

JHERHA 

N   TrtOflAS 

SHERl 

CRAH 

ROOKS 

OSB. 

HITCH 

CLOUD 

CLAY  l| 

\POUA 

rri 

ACK. 

1TCHI> 

WALLACE 

U06AN 

COVE 

TREGO 

ELLIS 

RUSS 

LINC 

OTTAVrt 

SHAW- 

jr-i 

JOHH 

ELL5W 

SAUNE 

05ASE 

DOUG 

6RELV 

VlCH 

corr 

LANE 

NESS 

RUSH 

aARTO-J 

R.ICE 

H'PHER 

HARION 

CHASE 

LYON 

FRANK 

nwm 

HAH 

CAR. 

FiN 

JEV 

•IODGE. 

PAWNEE  i 
|  J3™ 

RENO 

HARVEY 

J 

w 

ECN. 

COFFE 

ANKIi 

Lag 

- 

ro»o 

BUTLER 

WOOD. 

ALLEN 

3L 

CRAW. 

STAN. 

mm 

HASH. 

KIOWA 

PRATT 

KING. 

SCDGE 

WILSON 

IV  EOS. 

ELK. 

HORT   5 

FCK 

SEW: 

HEAD 

CUlffK 

COHAN. 

8AR8C 

HAI?R 

SUHNER. 

COW. 

CMAOT 

HONT. 

LAB. 

C«M 

Hosts:  Found  on  pasture  grasses. 

Phlepsius  ovatus  Van  D. 

PMfiixiux  ovatus  Van  D.,  Trans.   Am.  Ent.   Soc.,  xix,  p.   79,   1892. 
Phleprivs  ovatus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  94,  1895. 
I'hlrprivs  ovatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  75,  1916. 
Phlepsius  ovatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  668,  1917. 
Pklejisius  ovatus  Ball,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  xi,  p.  387,  1918. 

Form:  A  small  robust  species,  smaller  than  two  preceding.  Length, 
5  to  6  mm.  Head  slightly  narrower  than  pronotum;  vertex  one-half 
longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  nearly  or  quite  as  wide  as  long,  ob- 
tusely rounding  with  front,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum  a  little 
over  half  longer  than  the  vertex,  twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins 
nearly  or  quite  as  long  as  the  humeral,  posterior  margins  slightly  emar- 
ginate,  posterior  two-thirds  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  short  and 
broad,  moderately  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Usually  lighter  than  decorus,  yellowish-white  inscribed  with 
dark  brown.  Vertex  yellow,  irrorate  with  light  brown,  the  latter  forming 
two  spots  on  either  side  of  the  apex  and  two  broad  transverse  bands  on 
the  disc,  connected  by  a  short  curved  line  with  the  posterior  margin.  Pro- 
notum with  brown  marks  which  are  less  prominent  on  the  posterior  por- 
tion of  the  disc.  Scutellum  with  large  brown  triangles  in  basal  angles. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS  CICADELLIOE.  197 

Elytra  whitish,  heavily  inscribed  with  brown  nervures  and  ramose  mark- 
ings, lighter  on  costa,  and  suture  with  distinct  ivory  trilobate  markings. 
Face  yellow,  marked  with  brown  irrorations  and  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  broad  and  short, 
roundingly  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  broadly  excavated  to 
nearly  one-half  the  distance  to  the  base  and  with  a  median  notch  extend- 
ing nearly  to  the  base;  pygofers  broad,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor, 
apical  half  bristly.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  longer  than  preceding; 
valve  narrow,  triangular,  about  one-half  wider  than  long,  apex  acute; 
plates  broad  and  short,  submarginally  spined,  margins  convexly  rounding 
to  obtuse  apices  which  extend  beyond  the  valve  less  than  the  length  of  the 
latter  and  nearly  or  quite  equalling  the  short  bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Pottawatomie  and  Morton  counties. 
Hosts:  The  only  host  plant  record  is  that  given  by  De  Long 
who  swept  a  single  female  from  pasture  grasses. 

Phlepsius  lascivius  Ball. 

Phlepsius  lascivius  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  200,  1900. 
Phlepsius  lascivius  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  670,  1917. 

Form:  Medium  sized,  semi-robust  species.  Length,  6  to  6.5  mm.  Head 
as  wide  as  the  pronotum;  vertex  one-third  longer  on  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  two  and  one-half  to  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  broadly  rounded 
apically.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  humeral  and  lateral  margins 
about  equal  in  length,  rounding  into  each  other,  posterior  margins  some- 
what emarginate.  Elytra  broad  and  moderately  long,  flaring  behind, 
claval  nervures  parallel,  not  united  by  a  transverse  nervure. 

Color:  Faintly  light  brown.  Vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  yellow- 
ish, irrorate  with  brown;  elytra  whiter.  Vertex  with  irregular  black 
markings  on  either  side  of  the  white  apex,  back  of  this  a  lighter  area  and 
then  irrorate  with  fulvous  brown  to  the  base.  Scutellum  with  two  light 
spots  on  margin  and  at  apex,  and  a  dark  spot  on  each  margin.  Elytra 
finely  and  evenly  inscribed  with  fuscous  dots  which  fuse  into  lines  costally 
and  apically.  Face  heavily  irrorate  with  fuscous,  black  above. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  long,  slightly 
narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  truncate,  with  a  small  median 
notch  between  which  and  the  lateral  angles  the  margin  is  slightly  con- 
cave; pygofers  not  as  broad  as  in  preceding  species,  slightly  exceeded  by 
ovipositor  and  sparsely  spined.  Male,  valve  very  broad,  triangular,  with 
obtuse  or  subacute  apex;  plates  large,  broad  at  base,  narrowing  rapidly 
on  basal  third  and  then  produced  as  parallel-margined,  bluntly  pointed, 
divergent  lobes  which  completely  hide  and  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Gove  county  only. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 


198  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Phlepsius  altus  0.  &  B. 

PMrp*nix  nltug  O.  &  B.,  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  228,  pi.  26,  fig.  5,  1897. 
/•/,/,,«.„*  nltus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  99,  pi.  6,  fig.  3,  1898. 
Phlepgivg  mimvs  Bale.,  Ent.  News,  be,  p.  67,  1898. 
Phlepgiu*  mimttg  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  225,  1909. 
1'ltli'imiiig  altus  Van  1)..  Cat.  Heinip.  N.  A.,  p.  670,  1917. 

Form:  Small  and  stout.  Length,  5.5  mm.  Head  slightly  wider  than 
pronotum;  vertex  one-third  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  three 
times  as  wide  as  long,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  basal  half  transversely  wrinkled,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral 
margins  longer,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra  short, 
flaring,  claval  veins  slightly  approaching  each  other  near  the  middle. 

Color:  Dark  fulvous;  vertex,  pronotum  and  scutellum  soiled  yellowish- 
white,  usually  nearly  uniformly  irrorate  with  dark  brown,  posterior 
two-thirds  of  pronotum  often  darker.  Elytra  whitish,  heavily  inscribed 
with  dark  brown,  leaving  spots  here  and  there.  Face  yellowish-white, 
nearly  uniformly  irrorate  with  dark  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  longer 
than  preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  broadly  emargi- 
nate nearly  one-third  of  distance  to  the  base,  emargination  with  a  deep 
median  slit,  lateral  angles  lobular  and  appressed  to  the  pygofers;  py- 
gofers  semirobust,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  very  sparsely  spined.  Male, 
last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding;  valve  broad,  triangular, 
slightly  longer  than  ultimate  segment,  margins  indented  just  before  the 
acutely  pointed  apex;  plates  broad,  ventrally  convex,  submarginally 
spined  margins  narrowing  to  obtuse  tips  which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Pottawatomie,  Riley,  Gray  and 
Sheridan  counties. 

Hosts:  Osborn  and  Ball  report  this  species  as  abundant  on 
Bouteloua  hirsuta. 

Phlepsius  incisus  Van  D. 

miepsius  incisiis  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  73,   1892. 
PMrpghts  incteus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  533,  1905. 
PMep»ius  inciting  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  143,  1915. 
Phlepsiug  incuug  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  71,  1916. 
Phelpgiug  incigug  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  570,  1917. 

Form :  Rather  robust,  larger  than  altus.  Length,  6  to  6.5  mm.  Head 
slightly  wider  than  pronotum;  vertex  slightly  longer  on  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  over  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  disc  depressed,  margin  acute, 
apex  obtusely  rounded.  Pronotum  about  three  times  as  long  as  vertex, 
twice  as  broad  as  long,  lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  emargi- 
nate, not  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  broad,  not  narrowed  apically, 
appendix  distinct. 

Color:  Yellowish,  irrorate  with  testaceous-brown.  Vertex  yellowish, 
irrorate  with  light  brown.  Pronotum  yellowish  with  posterior  two-thirds 
heavily  irrorate  with  light  brown.  Scutellum  pale,  somewhat  maculate 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHWE.  199 

with  brown.  Elytra  cinereous,  heavily  irrorate  with  dark  brown,  tips  of 
claval  veins  often  white.  Face  yellowish,  heavily  irrorate  with  brown. 
External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  the  length  of 
the  preceding,  keeled,  posterior  margin  obtusely  produced  with  a  broad 
and  deep  median  notch.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  widened  posteriorly; 
valve  large,  very  broad,  triangular,  obtusely  pointed;  plates  large,  broad 
basally,  spiny  margins  sinuately  narrowing  to  broad  rounded  apices 
which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county. 
Hosts:    Unknown. 

Phlepsius  turpiculus  Ball. 

Phlepsius  turpiculus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  200,  1900. 
Phlepsius  turpiculus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  671,  1917. 

Form:  Rather  large  and  robust.  Length,  6  to  7  mm.  Head  as  wide 
as  the  pronotum;  vertex  slightly  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye, 
over  three  times  as  broad  as  long,  obtusely  rounding  with  front,  ob- 
tusely angled  at  apex.  Pronotum  with  lateral  margins  shorter  than  the 
humeral,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate,  disc  transversely  wrinkled. 
Elytra  long,  narrowing  apically. 

Color:  Dirty-yellow,  irrorate  with  fulvous.  Vertex,  pronotum,  and 
scutellum  yellowish,  marked  with  dirty  fulvous,  margins  of  latter  some- 
times with  two  dark  spots.  Elytra  whitish,  heavily  irrorate  with  light 
or  dark  brown.  Face  yellowish,  quite  evenly  irrorate  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  the 
preceding,  posterior  margin  slightly  notched  medially,  either  side  of 
which  it  is  sinuate  to  the  prominent  lateral  angles,  pygofers  semi-robust, 
long,  usually  equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  ovipositor,  rather  spiny 
except  on  basal  third.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  wider  than  preceding; 
valve  large  and  broad,  triangular,  margins  indented  midway  to  the  obtuse 
apex;  plates  four  times  the  length  of  the  valve,  slightly  constricted 
basally,  then  broadening  before  narrowing  again  to  long  finger-like 
processes  whose  acute  tips  exceed  the  pygofers.  A  brown  line,  parallel 
to  the  margin  and  ending  in  a  brown  basal  spot,  on  the  proximal  half 
of  the  plates. 

Distribution:   This  species  occurs  in  western  Kansas,  speci- 
mens having  been  taken  in  Thomas  and  Morton  counties. 
Hosts:   Unknown. 

Phlepsius  irroratus  (Say). 

(PI.   14,  figs.   1-2.) 

Jassux  irroratus  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  308,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  li, 
p.  384. 

Jassus  testudinarius  Burm.,  Genera  Ins.,  i,  pi.  14,  1838. 
Jassug  inornatus  Pack.,  U.  S.  Ent.  Comm.,  Bui.  7,  p.  80,  1881. 
AUijgus  irroratu*  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  245,  1884. 
Phlepsiun  irroratus  Van  D.,  Ent.  Am.,  vi,  p.  93,  1890. 
Phlejixiux  irroratus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soo.,  xix,  p.  71,  1892. 


200  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

riilrpsiut  irroratvs  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i;  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
I'hlepsius  irroratvs  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  533,  1906. 


PMepsius  irrorati 
Phlepsius  irrorati 
Phltpsivs  irrorati 


Phlepsivs  irrorati 
Phlepsius  irroratu 
Phlepsius  irroratu 
Phlepsius  irroratu 


Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  94,  fig.  25,   191'2. 

Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  139,  1915. 

Gibs.,  Can.  Ent.,  xlviii,  p.  178,  1916. 

DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  72,  1916. 

Van  D.,  Cat,  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  671,  1917. 

Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  185,  1918. 

Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  90,  1919. 


Form:  A  rather  slender  and  elongate  species.  Length,  5.5  to  7  mm. 
Head  as  wide  as  pronotum;  vertex  one-third  longer  at  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum 
long,  barely  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex, 
lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra  long, 
narrowed  apically. 

Color:  Grayish  to  yellowish,  strongly  and  evenly  inscribed.  Vertex 
yellowish  with  an  apical  median  line  and  spots  on  posterior  margin  whit- 
ish. Disc  of  pronotum  more  heavily  irrorate  than  margins.  Scutellum 
irrorate,  with  two  or  three  marginal  dark  spots,  an  apical  and  two  pre- 
apical  marginal  spots,  white.  Elytra  whitish  with  fuscous  nervures  and 
closely  inscribed  with  fuscous.  Face  yellowish,  closely  irrorate  with 
fuscous. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  rounded  laterally,  rounded  lateral  angles  exceeded  in  length 
by  three  median  teeth,  the  wider  middle  one  separated  by  deep  excava- 
tions from  the  outer  two;  pygofers  rather  slender,  widest  at  the  middle, 
exceeded  by  ovipositor,  spined  on  apical  half.  Male,  valve  as  broad  as 
last  ventral  segment,  triangular,  apex  rounded ;  plates  broad  basally,  then 
narrowing  to  constriction  near  middle,  and  then  broadening  to  obtusely 
pointed  apices,  each  with  a  row  of  submarginal  spines  and  bearing  soft 
silky  hairs,  greatly  exceeding  the  very  short  apically  bristled  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  triangular,  very  large  basally,  with  a 
long  finger-like  terminal  process  which  is  strongly  roughened,  especially 
on  the  lateral  margin;  connective  Y-shaped,  with  the  cleft  deep  and  more 
strongly  chitinized  on  outer  part,  stem  ending  in  a  broad  base;  oedagus 
broad  basally,  gradually  widening  to  an  enlarged  tip  which  is  serrate, 
and  with  a  small  dorsal  process  for  attachment  to  anal  tube. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E. 


201 


Distribution:  This  is  our  commonest  Phlepsid.    It  is  found 
throughout  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


CHtrCNN 

C  RAWUNS 

DECATUfi 

NORW 

PHILL 

SHlTH 

JEWEU 

REPUp 

WASH 

HARSH 

NEH. 

BROrt 

NDONT 

—  t 

) 

SHERH/i 

N   THOMAS 

SHER. 

GRAH 

ROOKS 

OSB. 

HTCH 

CLOUD 

CLAY    ^(PO^A 

DICK  h  —  k 

ACK.   ' 
J 

TCHI^ 

WAUAC 

.    LOGAN 

COVE 

TREGO 

ELLIS 

RUSS 

LINC 

OTTAWA 

A*L. 

TOG 

iz 

ELL5VY 
RICE 

SALINE 

OSAGC 

GRE'LT 

VYiCH. 

3COTT 

LANE 

NC5S 

RU5H 

BARTON 

H'PHER 

nft 

R|ON|  CHASE 

LTON 

FRANK 

nwni 

HAfl 

M 

HN> 

JCV 

•<ODGE 

PAWNEt 
EOW. 

PPATT 

RjNO 

KING,    r 

• 
HARv 

Lf 

COFFE1 

*r 

LIMN 

GPAr 

FORD 

EDGE 

BUTLER 

GREEN; 

WOOD. 

ALLCN 

3L 

CRAW 

STAN. 

EMfl 

HASK 

KIOWA 

ELK. 

WILSON 

NCOS. 

nORT  I 

TEV. 

SEW. 

MEAD 

CLflPK 

CQ~1AN. 

BARSER    HA!?R    SUHNER 

COW. 

CHAOT 

nONT. 

LAB. 

CWRO 

Hosts:  One  of  our  most  destructive  leaf  hoppers.  Common 
on  grasses,  grains,  alfalfa,  and  clover. 

Phlepsius  truncatus  Van  D. 

Phltpsius  truncatus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  72,  1892. 
Phlepsius  truncatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  72,  1916. 
Phlepsius  truncatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  672,  1917. 
Phlepsius  truncatus  Kent.,   Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.   185,   1918. 

Form:  Similar  to  irroratus,  narrow  and  elongate.  Length,  5.5  to 
6.25  mm.  Head  slightly  wider  than  pronotum ;  vertex  one-fourth  longer 
on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  disc  slightly 
transversely  depressed,  obtusely  angulate  apically.  Pronotum  slightly 
over  twice  the  length  of  the  vertex,  lateral  margins  shorter  than  the 
humeral,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate,  without  transverse 
wrinkles.  Elytra  broader  than  in  irroratus,  narrowed  apically. 

Color:  A  trifle  darker  than  irroratus.  Vertex  yellowish,  irrorate  with 
brown,  sometimes  with  whitish  spots  on  posterior  margin.  Pronotum  with 
disc  darker  than  margins.  Scutellum  pale  with  two  black  spots  on  each 
margin.  Elytra  whitish,  very  closely  inscribed  with  brown.  Face  yel- 
lowish, closely  and  evenly  inscribed  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
the  preceding,  lateral  margins  sinuate,  posterior  margin  truncate,  lateral 
angles  rounded ;  pygofers  rather  long  and  narrow,  slightly  exceeded  by 
the  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined  distally.  Male,  valve  as  broad  as  last 
ventral  segment,  triangular,  obtusely  rounded  apically;  plates  wide,  not 
quite  four  times  as  long  as  the  valve,  submarginally  spined  margins 
sinuately  tapering  to  obtuse  apices  which  greatly  exceed  the  very  short, 
apically  bristled  pygofers. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Riley  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 
Hosts:    Found  on  grasses  with  irroratus. 


202  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Phlepsius  lobatus  Osb. 

/•A/.'/'.M'I/.V  h>lnihi.--  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  v,  p.  247,   1898. 
riilfimlim  1'i'xitnx  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  673,  1917. 

Form:  Much  like  preceding  species,  but  smaller.  Length,  5.5  to  5.75 
mm.  Head  as  wide  as  pronotum;  vertex  one-third  longer  at  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Prono- 
tum over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin 
slightly  emarginate,  transverse  wrinkles  on  basal  half  indistinct.  Elytra 
long,  narrowed  apically. 

Color:  Light  brown.  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  dirty-yellow, 
evenly  inscribed  with  light  brown,  disc  of  pronotum  sometimes  darker. 
Elytra  whitish,  evenly  irrorate  with  dark  brown  except  on  costal  area 
whe"re  irro rations  tend  to  form  spots.  Face  yellowish,  quite  evenly 
irrorate  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  long,  strongly 
narrowed  posteriorly,  with  two  distinct  lateral  lobes,  between  which  the 
margin  is  deeply  and  truncately  incised,  the  median  portion  slightly 
produced,  carinate,  and  with  a  very  small  incision;  pygofers  long  and 
narrow,  barely  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  spiny  on  distal  half.  Male, 
valve  triangular,  obtusely  angled;  plates  broad,  spined  margins  tapering 
slightly  sinuately  to  obtuse  apices  which  greatly  exceed  the  short  py- 
gofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Riley  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 
Hosts:   Unknown. 

Phlepsius  collitus  Ball. 

Phleptius  collitus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxv,  p.  227,  1903. 

Phlepsivs  eollitvs  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  v,  p.  275,  1905. 

Phlepsius  collitus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  142,  1915. 

Phlepsius  colKtus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  73,  1916. 

Phlepsius  collUus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  672,  1917. 

PMfpsiug  collitus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  95,  1919. 

Form:  Rather  slender  and  elongate.  Length,  5.5  to  6  mm.  Head  as 
wide  as  pronotum;  vertex  scarcely  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye, 
three  times  as  wide  as  long,  disc  convex,  obtusely  rounded  apically.  Pro- 
notum two  and  one-half  times  as  long  as  vertex,  strongly  convex  ante- 
riorly, lateral  margins  shorter  than  humeral,  posterior  margin  angularly 
concave.  Elytra  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  fulvous.  Vertex  mottled  with 
brown,  often  with  two  darker  spots  basally.  Pronotum  often  with  disc 
darker  than  margins  which  are  marked  with  brown.  Scutellum  with  two 
dark  spots  on  each  lateral  margin.  Elytra  whitish  hyaline,  heavily  in- 
scribed with  brown,  with  suggestions  of  two  whitish  bands  starting  from 
the  first  and  the  third  of  the  three  white  spots  on  the  clavus.  Face 
yellowish  or  fulvous,  heavily  irrorate  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  the 
preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  emarginate  between  the  lateral  lobes, 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  203 

the  median  third  roundingly  produced  and  medially  notched;  spiny 
pygofers  long  and  narrow,  very  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor. 
Male,  valve  broad  and  triangular,  obtuse  apically;  plates  broad  and  con- 
vex, submarginally  spined  margins  narrowing  to  obtuse  tips  which 
greatly  exceed  the  short  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Cherokee  county. 
Hosts:  De  Long  reports  this  species  as  abundant  on  grasses 
and  weeds. 

Phlepsius  cinereus  Van  D. 


Phlepsius  cin 
Phlepsius  cin 
Phlepsius  cin 
Phlepsiits  cin 
Phlepsius  cin 


reus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  68,  1892. 

reus  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  viii,  No.  5,  p.  69,   1907. 

reus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.   17,  p.   70,   1916. 

reus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  672,  1917. 

reus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  88,  1919. 


Form:  Moderately  large  and  elongate.  Length,  5.5  to  7  mm.  Head 
as  wide  as  pronotum;  vertex  short,  very  slightly  longer  at  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  nearly  rounded  apically.  Pro- 
notum nearly  three  times  as  long  as  vertex,  lateral  margins  shorter  than 
humeral,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra  moderately  long 
and  broad,  apically  flaring. 

Color:  The  lightest  of  the  Kansas  species,  light  cinereous  with  pale 
irrorations.  Vertex  evenly  inscribed  though  often  with  two  darker  basal 
spots.  Disc  of  pronotum  often  darker.  Scutellum  with  two  black  spots 
on  each  margin  and  often  a  pair  on  disc.  Elytra  sparsely  inscribed.  Face 
yellowish-white,  faintly  inscribed. 

External  genitaliu :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  slightly  narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  broadly  rounding, 
posterior  margin  concave  between  lateral  angles  and  the  median  notched 
tooth;  pygofers  rather  stout,  constricted  basally,  exceeded  by  ovipositor, 
sparsely  spined  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  broad,  longer  than  ventral 
segment,  triangular,  apex  obtuse;  plates  broad,  over  twice  the  length  of 
the  valve,  submarginally  spined  margins  slightly  constricted  basally,  then 
tapering  to  obtuse  apices  which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Logan  county. 
Hosts:  Van  Duzee  reports  taking  this  species  on  low  tangled 
vines. 

Phlepsius  punctiscriptus  Van  D. 

Phlepsius  punctiscriptus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  75,  1892. 
Phlepsius  punctiscriptus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  74,  1916. 
Phlepsivs  punctiscriptus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  -673,  1917. 

Form:  Medium-sized,  rather  wedge-shaped.  Length,  5.75  to  7  mm. 
Head  slightly  wider  than  pronotum ;  vertex  at  least  half  longer  at  middle 
than  next  the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as  long,  disc  depressed, 
margin  subacute.  Pronotum  twice  as  long  as  vertex,  lateral  margins 
shorter  than  humeral,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate,  disc  trans- 


204  THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

versely  wrinkled.  Elytra  rather  long  and  broad,  usually  vertical  apically, 
appearing  to  narrow  the  insect  posteriorly. 

Color:  Somewhat  darker  than  cinereus.  Vertex  yellowish-white,  not 
inscribed  along  most  of  anterior  margin,  but  brown  back  of  this.  Pro- 
notum  and  scutellum  also  yellowish-white,  quite  evenly  inscribed  with 
fulvous  brown,  disc  of  pronotum  often  darker,  tip  of  scutellum  white. 
Elytra  milky-white,  dotted  with  fine  brown  points,  apically  darker.  Face 
yellowish-white,  marked  with  light  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  the 
preceding,  lateral  margins  strongly  narrowed  near  apex  to  the  obtuse 
lateral  lobes  between  which  the  posterior  margin  is  slightly  emarginate, 
with  the  median  portion  produced  and  broadly  and  shallowly  notched; 
pygofers  broad,  widest  at  the  middle,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor, 
sparsely  bristled  on  the  distal  half.  Male,  valve  about  half  as  long  as 
wide,  obtusely  angled  apically;  plates  broad  basally,  nearly  four  times 
the  length  of  the  valve,  the  submarginally  spined  margins  narrowing  to 
the  long  acute  tips  which  greatly  exceed  the  short  pygofers. 

Distribution:   This  species  has  been  taken  in  Riley,  Potta- 
watomie,  and  Gove  counties. 
Hosts:  Unknown. 

Phlepsius  apertus  Van  D. 

PMeptitts  apertua  Van  D.,  Tr&ns.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  76,  1892. 
Phlepsiua  apertus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.    St.  Ent.,  p.  532,  1905. 

Phlepsivs  apertus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  140,  1915;  Bui.  248,  p.  79, 
1916. 

Phlepsius  apertus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  673,  1917. 
PMepsivs  apertus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  185,  1918. 

Form:  Medium-sized,  fairly  robust,  posteriorly  narrowed.  Length, 
5  to  6.5  mm.  Head  as  wide  as  pronotum;  vertex  distinctly  produced 
medially,  nearly  one-half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  disc  de- 
pressed posteriorly,  apex  distinctly  obtusely  angular,  margin  subacute. 
Pronotum  twice  as  long  as  vertex,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  pos- 
terior margin  slightly  emarginate,  humeral  margins  slightly  longer  than 
the  lateral,  disc  distinctly  wrinkled.  Elytra  moderately  long,  strongly 
overlapping  and  flaring  apically. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  dirty-yellowish,  elytra  milky- 
white.  Vertex  irrorate  with  light  brown,  apex  light  with  a  black  spot 
either  side,  and  usually  two  dark  spots  on  posterior  margin.  Pronotum 
irrorate  with  light  brown,  disc  darker.  Scutellum  irrorate  with  light 
brown,  two  dark  spots  on  each  margin,  between  which  and  apically  there 
is  a  light  spot.  Elytra  with  an  indistinct  oblique  light  band  before  the 
middle  where  the  dark  brown  irrorations  are  not  as  heavy  as  on  the  other 
portions  which  are  tinged  with  fulvous.  Face  yellowish,  irrorate  with 
brown,  darker  above. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  pre- 
ceding, lateral  angles  rounded,  with  a  broad  median  incision,  widening 
basally,  nearly  or  quite  reaching  the  base,  leaving  two  large  lateral  lobes, 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  205 

with  prominent  inner  angles;  pygofers  moderately  broad,  exceeded  by  ovi- 
positor, spiny  apically.  Male,  valve  broad,  triangular,  slightly  longer  than 
last  ventral  segment,  obtuse  apically ;  plates  large  and  very  broad  basally, 
margins  convex  to  about  the  apical  third,  tips  parallel-margined  and  di- 
vergent, submarginal  spines  and  marginal  hairs  not  reaching  the  apex; 
pygofers  completely  hidden  by  the  plates. 

Distribution:  Our  only  specimen  of  this  species  is  from 
Lincoln  county. 

Hosts:  Taken  on  grasses. 

Phlepsius  fulvidorsum  (Fh.). 

Jassus  fulvidorsum  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  62,   1851. 
Phlepsius  fulvidorsum  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  390,  1890. 
Phlepsius  fulvidorsum  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  74,  1892. 
Phlepsius  fulvidorsum  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Phlepgius  fulvidorsum  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  532,  1905. 
Phlepsius  fulvidorsum  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  142,  1915. 
Phlepsius  fulvidorsum  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.   17,  p.  72,  1916. 
Phlepsius  fulvidorsum  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  673,   1917. 

Form:  Females  robust,  males  more  slender.  Length,  6  to  7  mm. 
Head  as  wide  as  pronotum;  vertex  two  and  one-half  times  as  broad  as 
long,  one-half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  with  basal  and  pre- 
apical  transverse  depressions,  the  margin  acute.  Pronotum  over  twice 
as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  emarginate. 
Elytra  moderately  long  and  fairly  broad. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  yellow,  elytra  darker.  Ver- 
tex irrorate  with  light  brown,  frequently  with  five  or  six  darker  mar- 
ginal spots.  Pronotum  irrorate  with  brown,  disc  darker.  Scutellum 
pale,  with  two  dark  marginal  spots.  Elytra  ivory-white  to  fulvous, 
coarsely  and  darkly  irrorate.  Face  yellowish,  heavily  irrorate  with  dark 
brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than 
preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  not  prominent,  posterior 
margin  sinuate  on  either  side  of  the  produced  median  half  which  is 
medially  notched ;  pygofers  semi-robust,  barely  exceeded  by  ovipositor, 
distal  half  somewhat  spiny.  Male,  valve  large,  broad  and  triangular, 
obtusely  angled  apically;  plates  large  and  broad,  completely  hiding  the 
pygofers,  over  twice  as  long  as  valve,  margins  strongly  spined  and  con- 
vexly  narrowed  to  the  blunt  apices. 

Distribution:   Taken  in  Pottawatomie  county  only. 

Hosts:  Recorded  by  Van  Duzee  on  hemlock,  spruce  and  pine. 
Professor  Osborn  gives  birch,  strawberry  and  blueberry  as 
hosts.  De  Long  records  it  from  grasses. 

Phlepsius  nebulosus  Van  D. 

Phlepsius  ntbulosus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  77,  1892. 
Phlepsius  nebulosus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  Dav.  Acad.  Sci.,  vii,  p.  100,  pi.  6,  fie.  4,  1898. 
pM-»vnVw  n'*>i>1o*iia  Osb..  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  532,  1905. 
f  Mbutontt  Van  D.,  Oat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  674,  1917. 


206 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


form :  Large,  somewhat  elongate.  Length,  8  to  9  mm.  Head  slightly 
\viik>r  than  pronotum;  vertex  one-fourth  to  one-half  longer  on  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as  long,  disc  depressed, 
margin  acute,  apex  rounded  to  obtusely  angulate.  Pronotum  transverse, 
over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  broadly  rounding,  humeral 
margins  a  little  longer  than  the  lateral,  posterior  margin  emarginate, 
disc  distinctly  wrinkled.  Elytra  moderately  long,  broad,  slightly  over- 
lapping apically  and  slightly  flaring. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  yellowish,  elytra  whitish 
fulvous.  Vertex  and  pronotum  irrorate  with  light  brown,  latter  darker 
on  the  disc.  Scutellum  -pale  with  two  dark  marginal  spots.  Elytra 
rather  evenly  and  closely  inscribed  with  light  to  dark  brown.  Face 
yellowish,  irrorate  with  brown. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  three  times 
as  long  as  preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly  to  rounded,  moderately  pro- 
duced, lateral  angles,  between  which  the  posterior  margin  is  emarginate 
and  with  a  small  median  notch;  pygofers  moderately  robust,  exceeded  by 
ovipositor,  sparsely  spined  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  broad  and  tri- 
angular, nearly  as  long  as  last  ventral  segment,  obtusely  angulated 
apically;  plates  large,  broad  basally,  three  times  as  long  as  valve,  margins 
with  submarginal  spines  nearly  to  the  obtuse  diverging  tips  which  greatly 
exceed  the  short  and  broad  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Found  chiefly  in  western  Kansas  as  shown  by 
the  following  map : 


Hosts:    Osborn  &  Ball  record  this  species  from  Panicum  vir- 
gatum. 

Phlepsius  solidaginis  (Walk.). 

solidaginis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  847,  1851. 
\mid\u  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  76,  1892. 
umidu*  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  532,   1905. 
lidagini*  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xli,  p.  384,  1909. 
imidns  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  143,  1915. 

r/i<*  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  74,  1916. 
rhtri>»iiix  xnlidni/iinn  Van  I).,   C'at.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.   674,   1917. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS  CICADELLID^.  207 

Form:  Smaller  than  preceding  species.  Length,  7  to  8  mm.  Head 
slightly  wider  than  pronotum ;  vertex  one-half  longer  on  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  as  wide  as  long,  disc  depressed,  margin 
acute,  obtusely  angled  apically.  Pronotum  transverse,  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  humeral  margins  a  little  longer  than  the  lateral,  posterior  margin 
emarginate,  disc  transversely  wrinkled.  Elytra  moderately  long  and 
bread,  slightly  flaring  apically. 

Colo?-:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  yellowish,  elytra  fulvous. 
Vertex  sparsely  inscribed  with  light  brown,  pronotum  with  disc  darker, 
scutellum  with  two  dark  marginal  spots  and  light  spots  between.  Elytra 
irrorate  with  dark  brown,  with  whitish  areas  on  base  and  at  tip  of  claval 
area,  there  appearing  to  be  two  dark  transverse  bands  behind  these,  and 
with  a  few  dark  spots  on  costal  area.  Face  yellowish,  irrorate  with 
brown. 

Extetnal  genitulia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  lateral  angles  large  and  obtuse,  posterior  margin  deeply 
emarginate  and  sinuate  on  either  side  of  a  large  median  lobe  which  is 
notched  and  slightly  exceeds  the  lateral  angles;  pygofers  rather  long 
and  narrow,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  distal  half  spiny.  Male,  valve  broad 
and  triangular,  longer  than  last  ventral  segment,  apex  obtuse;  plates  to- 
gether forming  a  triangle  almost  as  wide  as  long,  submarginally  spined 
margins  tapering  regularly  to  subacute  apices  which  greatly  exceed  the 
short  pygofers,  margins  pilose,  especially  basally. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  been  taken  in 
Pottawatomie,  Riley  and  Clark  counties. 

Hosts:  Van  Duzee  gives  Sagittaria  and  Polygonum  as  host 
plants.  It  is  found  on  low  ground. 

Genus  ACINOPTERUS  Van  D. 

In  the  members  of  this  genus  the  head  is  narrower  than  the 
pronotum  and  the  vertex  is  nearly  twice  as  long  on  the  middle 
as  next  the  eye.  The  pronotum  is  rather  short,  the  lateral 
margins  nearly  as  long  as  the  humeral,  and  with  the  disc  trans- 
versely wrinkled.  The  scutellum  is  finely  but  very  distinctly 
granular.  The  moderately  long  elytra  are  very  characteris- 
tically narrowed  apically,  the  nervures  strong. 

The  one  species  of  the  genus  and  one  of  its  varieties  have 
been  found  in  the  state. 

Acinopterus  acuminatus  Van  D. 

(PI.  14,  figs.  3-4.) 

Acinopterus  acuminatus  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  308,  1892. 
Acinopterus  acuminatus  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  94,  1895. 

Acinopterus  acuminatus  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  viii,  No.  5,  p.  69,  1907 ;  ix, 
p.  225,  1909. 

Acinopterus  acuminatus  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  ix,  p.  466,   1909. 


208  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Acinopterus  acuminatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  89,  1916. 
Acinopterus  acuminatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  675,  1917. 
Acinopterus  acuminatus  Lathr.,  8.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  102,  1919. 

Form:  Rather  robust,  slightly  tapering  posteriorly.  Length,  5  to  6.5 
mm.  Head  distinctly  narrower  than  pronotum,  vertex  nearly  twice  as 
long  on  middle  as  next  the  eye,  about  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Pronotum 
over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  long,  posterior  margin  con- 
cave, disc  transversely  wrinkled.  Scutellum  large,  entire  surface  granu- 
lar. Elytra  moderately  long,  tapering  to  acute  apices,  venation  distinct. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  greenish  or  olive-green,  scu- 
tellum  with  two  light  longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  shining  dark  brown,  the 
nervures  lighter,  some  of  the  cells,  especially  along  the  costa  and  on  the 
clavus,  subhyaline  or  greenish.  Face  olive-green,  unmarked. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
preceding,  broadest  basally,  lateral  margins  broadly  rounding  to  slightly 
produced  posterior  margin,  which  has  an  indistinct  median  notch;  py- 
gofers  rather  narrow,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  bearing  a  few 
scattered  large  spines.  Male,  valve  covered  by  the  large  ventral  segment; 
plates  long  and  narrow,  parallel-margined,  obtuse  apices  somewhat  diver- 
gent; spiny  pygofers  greatly  exceeding  plates. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  fastened  to  a  large  round  lobe  at  the 
base  of  the  plates,  margins  of  anterior  half  sinuately  tapering,  distal 
half  stout  and  strongly  curved,  the  large  club-shaped  and  coarsely  granu- 
lar apices  strongly  diverging;  connective  small,  heart-shaped,  with  the 
incision  wide  and  the  apex  broadly  rounding;  cedagus  very  characteristic 
of  the  genus,  broad  basally,  narrowing  to  the  middle,  distal  half  with  two 
small  ventral  sword-like  processes  and  a  larger  dorsal  one,  the  latter 
fimbriate  apically  on  the  ventral  margin. 

Distribution:  Specimens  have  been  taken  in  Cherokee, 
Bourbon,  and  Miami  counties.  It  is  likely  well  distributed 
over  the  southeastern  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  De  Long  reports  this  species  as  abundant  on  grasses. 
Dr.  Ball  believes  wild  geranium  to  be  the  host  plant. 

Acinopterus  acuminatus  var.  viridis  Ball. 

Acinopterus  acuminatus  var.  riridis  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxv,  p.  231,  1903. 

Form:    That  of  typical  acuminatiis. 

Color:  Entire  insect  greenish,  vertex  with  a  yellowish  tinge,  ocelli 
reddish-brown.  Nervures  of  elytra  usually  dark  green,  apical  nervures 
sometimes  bordered  with  fuscous. 

Distribution:  Our  only  specimens  of  this  variety  have  come 
from  Morton  county. 
Hosts:  Probably  the  same  as  those  of  typical  acuminatus. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLHXE.  209 

Genus  THAMNOTETTIX  Zett. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  slender  bodied,  with  long 
and  narrow  elytra,  giving  them  a  distinctly  elongate  appear- 
ance. The  vertex  is  always  wider  than  long,  sometimes  about 
parallel-margined,  usually  distinctly  produced.  The  pronotum 
is  rounded  anteriorly  with  rather  short  and  sharp  lateral 
margins. 

Nine  of  the  eleven  species  keyed  below  have  been  taken  in 
the  state. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Vertex  short,  nearly  parallel-margined,  apex  with  two  large  black 
spots. 
B.    Elytra  without  large  yellow  spot  on  clavus. 

C.    Reddish-brown  large  species,  usually  6  mm.  or  over. 

kennicotti. 
CC.    Lighter  and  smaller  species,  less  than  6  mm.  in  length. 

brittoni. 

BB.    Elytra  with  large  yellow  spot  on  clavus.  clitellarius. 

AA.    Vertex  distinctly  produced  medially,  without  two  large  black  apical 
spots. 
B.    Margin  of  vertex  without  definite  dark  markings. 

C.    Brownish  species.  longulus. 

CC.    Greenish  species.  inornatus. 

BB.    Margin  of  vertex  with  definite  dark  markings. 
C.    Disc  of  vertex  marked  with  fulvous  lines. 

perspicillatus. 

CC.    Disc  of  vertex  unmarked  (spots  behind  ocelli  in  ciliatus). 
D.    Margin  of  vertex  with  four  black  spots. 
E.    Size  larger,  over  4.5  mm.  in  length. 

F.    Vertex  produced,  about  one-third  wider 
than  long,  no  spots  on  disc. 

melanogaster. 

FF.    Vertex  shorter,  nearly  twice  as  broad 
as  long,  two  black  spots  behind  ocelli. 

ciliatus. 

EE.    Size  smaller,  less  than  4.5  mm.  in  length. 
F.    Face  not  black. 

G.  Color  dull  yellow;  female  segment 
with  distinct  median  tooth,  male 
plates  with  long  attenuate  tips. 

fitchii. 

GG.    Brighter  yellow   in  color;   female 
segment  without  distinct  median 
tooth,  male  plates  not  at  all  at- 
tenuate, pallidula. 
FF.    Face  black,  due  to  coalescing  arcs. 
nigrifrons. 


14_Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


210  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Thamnotettix  kennicotti  (Uhl.). 

Jatmt*  krnni.-otn  Uhl.,  Proc.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  ii,  p.  161,   1863. 
Thamnott-ttij-  kennicotti  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  p.  246,  1884. 
Thamnotettix  kennicotti  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Thamnot.'ttix  kennicotti  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  534,  1905. 
Thamnotettix  kennicoUi  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  134,  1915. 
Thamnotettix  kennicotti  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  79,  1916. 
Tltiimnotfttix  kennicotti  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  676,   1917. 

Form:  Large  and  elongate.  Length,  5.75  to  7  mm.  Vertex  short, 
over  twice  as  broad  as  long,  margins  nearly  parallel,  sloping,  and  broadly 
rounding  to  front.  Pronotum  twice  as  long  as  vertex,  lateral  margins 
convex,  widening  posteriorly,  humeral  margins  straight,  distinctly  angled 
with  slightly  emarginate  posterior  margin.  Scutellum  large.  Elytra 
very  long  and  narrow,  greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Rich  reddish-brown;  vertex  yellowish,  two  large  black  apical 
spots  between  red  ocelli,  a  fulvous  transverse  band  on  basal  portion. 
Pronotum  fulvous  with  a  broad  median  band  and  sometimes  a  narrow 
yellow  band  on  posterior  margin.  Elytra  fulvous  with  lighter  nervures 
and  a  distinct  yellow  stripe  along  costal  suture.  Yellow  beneath. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  preceding,  lateral  margins  rounding  into  rounded  posterior  margin, 
sometimes  with  a  broad  median  keel;  pygofers  rather  narrow,  slightly 
exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  bristled.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as 
long  as  preceding;  valve  small,  triangular,  apex  obtuse;  plates  broad  on 
proximal  half,  then  tapering  to  long  attenuate  tips;  pygofers  short,  equal- 
ling or  slightly  exceeding  plates,  sparsely  bristled. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  and  Pottawatomie  coun- 
ties. 

Hosts:  Doctor  Ball  gives  this  as  a  Cratsegus  species.  De 
Long  records  sweeping  specimens  from  oak. 

Thamnotettix  brittoni  Osb. 

Thamnotettix  brittoni  Osb.,  Proc.  Dav.  Ac-ad.  Sci.,  x,  p.  166,   1907. 
Thamnotettix  brittoni  Mete.,  Jl.  Elisha  Mitchell  Sci.  Soc.,  xxxi,  p.  26,  1915. 
Thamnotettix  brittoni  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  79,  1916. 
Thamnotettix  brittoni  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  677,  1917. 

Form:  Smaller  and  narrower  than  preceding  species.  Length,  5  to  6 
mm.  Vertex  even  less  produced  than  in  kennicotti;  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  sloping,  broadly  rounding  with  front.  Pronotum,  scutellum  and 
elytra  as  in  kennicotti. 

Color:    Lighter,  otherwise  as  in  kennicotti. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  nearly  as  long  as 
broad,  lateral  margins  broadly  rounding  with  somewhat  produced  pos- 
terior margin,  keeled  medially;  pygofers  rather  narrow,  slightly  exceeded 
by  ovipositor,  slightly  bristled.  Mfele,  valve  broad  and  short,  obtuse 
apically;  plates  broad  basally,  spiny  margins  concavely  narrowing  to 
long  attenuate  tips  which  nearly  equal  the  bristly  pygofers. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID,£.  211 

Distribution:  Labette  and  Cherokee  counties  are  the  only 
ones  in  which  this  species  has  yet  been  taken. 

Hosts:  De  Long  reports  taking  this  species  from  oak  shrubs. 

Thamnotettix  clitellarius  (Say). 

(PI.   14,   figs.   5-6.) 

Jaxxua  clitellariii*  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  \i,  p.  309,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii. 
p.  384. 

Bythoscopus  clitellarius  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  58,  1851. 
Thamnotettix  clitellarius  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  246,  1884. 
Bythoscopus  clitellarius  Saund.,  Ins.  Inj.  Fruits,  p.  188,  1886. 
Thamnotettix  clitellarius  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Thamnotettix  clitellarius  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent,  p.  534,  1905. 
Thamnotettix  clitellarius  Osb.,  Me..  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bnl.  238,  p.  134,  1915. 
Thamnotettix  clitellarius  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  678,  1917. 
Thamnotettix  clitellarius  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  79,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  4.5  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  short,  over  twice  as  broad  as 
long,  sloping,  rounding  to  front.  Pronotum  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
strongly  convex  anteriorly,  humeral"  margins  longer  than  the  lateral, 
posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Scutellum  large.  Elytra  charac- 
teristic of  the  genus. 

Color:  Vertex  bright  yellow  except  for  two  large  black  spots  apically 
and  the  somewhat  brown  posterior  margin.  Pronotum  brown  on  anterior 
third  and  along  posterior  margin,  with  a  broad  yellow  band  between. 
Scutellum  brown.  Elytra  brown  with  costal  area  hyaline  and  a  very 
characteristic  oval  yellow  spot  covering  the  greater  part  of  the  clavus. 
Yellow  on  face  and  beneath. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  lateral  mar- 
gins rounded  with  posterior  margin  which  is  deeply  excavated  on  either 
side  of  a  median  tooth,  which  exceeds  the  rest  of  the  margin  and  has 
its  truncate  apex  slightly  notched;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  basally 
constricted,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  spiny.  Male,  last 
ventral  segment  shorter  than  preceding;  valve  broad,  triangular,  margins 
slightly  concave,  apex  obtuse ;  plates  very  long,  exceeding  bristly  py- 
gofers, margins  slightly  concave  past  middle,  tips  divergent  preapically 
and  apices  curved.  Pygofers  with  a  large  spine  on  apical  margin. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  large,  with  very  large  laterally  rounded 
anterior  process,  a  strong  process  to  connective,  after  which  the  mesal 
margin  is  weakly  chitinized  for  a  short  distance,  then  tapering  sinuately 
to  the  obtuse  apex  which  has  a  short  but  distinct  lateral  tooth,  the  entire 
apical  portion  quite  roughened,  so  as  to  give  the  lateral  margins  the 
appearance  of  being  serrate;  connective  stout,  cleft  at  both  ends,  the 
arms  at  the  anterior  end  rounded,  those  at  the  caudal  end  straight; 
cedagus  with  a  weak  dorsal  basal  projection  which  widens  dorsally,  the 
terminal  portion  long  and  deeply  bicleft  apically,  forming  two  strap-like, 
curling,  and  acute  appendages. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  been  taken  in  Douglas,  Potta- 
watomie,  and  Riley  counties. 

Hosts:   Found  on  many  different  plants. 


212  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Thamnotettix  longulus  G.  &  B. 

(PI.    14,   fig.   7.) 

Thaniiioti-tiij-  Inni/ula  Q.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  97,  1895. 
T/nnmiotettix  lonffula  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  226,  1897. 
Tl>,,,,,n,>t,'tti.f  h.nuula  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  82,  1916. 
I  liniiinotettix  longulus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  6880,  1917. 

Farm:  Quite  elongate.  Length,  5  to  6  mm.  Vertex  more  produced 
than  in  preceding  species,  being  distinctly  longer  on  middle  than  next  the 
eye,  twice  as  wide  as  long,  sloping,  and  rounding  obtusely  with  front. 
Pronotum  long,  scarcely  twice  as  broad  as  long,  strongly  convex  an- 
teriorly, slightly  emarginate  posteriorly,  lateral  margins  nearly  as  long 
as  the  humeral.  Elytra  very  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Nearly  unicolorously  fulvous,  marked  with  brown.  Vertex  ful- 
vous, white  ocelli  connected  by  light  band,  with  median  longitudinal  line 
and  two  basal  spots,  darker.  Pronotum  irregularly  mottled  with  darker 
spots  anteriorly.  Scutellum  with  basal  angles  and  two  spots  on  disc 
darker  than  the  fulvous  background.  Elytra  light  fulvous,  nervures 
lighter,  some  of  them  tending  to  be  darker  margined.  Face  marked  with 
brown  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as  the 
preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  the  posterior  margin  angularly  emargi- 
nate one-third  the  length  of  the  segment,  slightly  elevated;  pygofers  long 
and  narrow,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  bearing  many  long  bristles 
on  posterior  half.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  two-thirds  the  length  of 
the  preceding,  valve  broad,  triangular,  obtuse  at  apex;  plates  broad 
basally  and  long,  spiny  margins  tapering  somewhat  concavely  to  the 
acute  tips  which  nearly  equal  the  long-bristled  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  very  broad  anteriorly  due  to  large  an- 
terior processes  and  large  processes  to  the  connective,  with  a  very  defi- 
nite lateral  incision  apically,  leaving  a  large  outwardly  curving  apical 
tooth  which  has  its  outer  margin  quite  rough  with  small  teeth ;  connective 
large,  deeply  bifid  anteriorly,  slightly  so  apically;  oedagus  broad  basally, 
with  a  small  basal  and  dorsal  process,  then  gradually  tapering  till  it 
divides  into  two  long,  apical,  acutely-pointed  processes. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  been  taken  only  in  Cherokee 
and  Douglas  counties. 

Hosts:  DeLong  reports  this  species  as  abundant  on  grasses. 

Thamnotettix  inomatus  Van  D. 

Thamnotettix  inornatus  Van  D.,  Trans.  Am.  Ent.  Soc.,  xix,  p.  303,  1892. 
Thamnotettix  inornatus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  536,  1905. 
Thamnotettix  inornatus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  137,  1915. 
Thamnottttix  inortiatux  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  81,  1916. 
Thamnotettix  inornatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  684,  1917. 

Form:  Long  and  narrow.  Length,  4.75  to  5.5  mm.  Vertex  distinctly 
produced,  half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  flattened,  subacute 
apically.  Pronotum  long,  not  twice  as  broad  as  long,  humeral  margins  a 
little  longer  than  lateral,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra 
very  long  and  narrow. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLHXE.  213 

Color:  Nearly  uniformly  yellowish-green.  Ocelli  brown  or  black,  a 
brown  curved  line  from  each  to  the  apex.  Elytra  subhyaline,  tips  smoky, 
nervures  bright  yellow  to  brown.  Face  yellow,  with  brown  arcs  and  with 
sutures  of  front  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than 
preceding,  broadly  but  not  deeply  emarginate  medially,  having  distinct 
lateral  angles;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  bristly 
on  posterior  half.  Male,  valve  broad,  triangular,  very  obtuse  apically; 
plates  large  and  broad,  margins  armed  with  very  long,  white  spines,  con- 
vexly  tapering  to  subacute  apices;  pygofers  very  characteristic,  viewed 
laterally  they  are  long  and  triangular,  tapering  to  long  and  slender  apex 
which  terminates  in  a  chitinous  point,  just  exceeding  plates,  and  bearing 
a  tuft  of  white  bristles  just  before  the  middle. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  not  yet  been  collected  in  Kan- 
sas, but  undoubtedly  occurs  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  DeLong  collected  this  species  from  Elymus  virgini- 
cus  and  from  other  tall  grasses. 

Thamnotettix  perspicillatus  O.  &  B. 

Thamnotettix  perspicttlatus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  I*.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  227,  1897. 
Thamnotettix  perspictilatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  81,  1916. 
Thamnotettix  perspteillatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  680,  1917. 

Form:  Smaller  than  the  preceding  species.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm. 
Vertex  about  half  wider  than  long,  broadly  rounding  apically,  disc  sloping, 
rounding  obtusely  with  front.  Pronotum  twice  as  broad  as  long,  anterior 
margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins 
distinct,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra  typical  of  the 
genus  though  not  as  long  as  in  the  two  preceding  species. 

Color:  Grayish  or  brownish;  vertex  whitish,  tinged  with  orange,  with 
a  wavy  black  line  on  each  side  from  apex  to  ocelli,  two  brown  median 
lines  bending  at  right  angles  just  before  the  middle,  and  two  brown 
circles  on  the  disc.  Pronotum  gray,  with  six  white  spots  along  the  an- 
terior margin,  two  small  black  spots  back  of  each  eye,  and  five  faint 
longitudinal  lines.  Elytra  subhyaline,  marked  with  brown  and  black 
spots,  nervures  darkened  apically.  Front  gray,  with  light  median  line 
and  arcs. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  one-half  longer 
laterally  than  preceding,  posterior  margin  strongly  and  angularly  pro- 
duced; pygofers  long  and  narrow,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  bristly  medially 
and  apically.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding;  valve 
broad  and  short;  plates  broad  basally,  the  spiny  margins  concavely  nar- 
rowed to  long  attenuate  tips  which  are  slightly  exceeded  by  the  bristly 
pygofers. 

Distribution:   This  species  has  not  yet  been  reported  from 
the  state,  but  probably  occurs  here. 
Hosts:  Various  grasses. 


214  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Thamnotettix  melanogaster  (Prov.). 


Jansu»  melanooanter  Prov 
Thamnotetti.r  melatiogante 
Thamnotettijc  melano(fa«te 
Thamnotettix  melanogaste 
Thamnotetti-x  melanoyaitte 
Thamnotettix  melanoyaxte 
Thamnotettix  melanoyaste 


Nat.  Can.,  iv,  p.  378,  1872. 

Prov.,  Pet.  Paune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  284,  1890. 
Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  537,  1905. 
Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  136,  1915. 
DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  80,  1916. 
Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  682,  1917. 


Form:  Long  and  narrow.  Length,  4.75  to  5.25  mm.  Vertex  distinctly 
produced,  nearly  half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  one-third  wider 
than  long,  disc  flat  or  slightly  concave.  Pronotum  nearly  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  lateral  margins  distinct.  Elytra  very  long. 

Color:  Brownish  or  yellowish-green,  sometimes  washed  with  orange. 
Vertex  with  four  large  black  spots  on  margin,  the  two  middle  ones  larger 
than  the  outer,  disc  unmarked.  Scutellum  with  dark  transverse  im- 
pressed line.  Face  yellow.  Abdomen  black  beneath. 

External  genitalia :  Female,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding, 
narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  slightly  emarginate;  pygofers 
long,  widest  at  the  middle,  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  quite  bristly  on  distal 
half.  Male,  valve  large,  broad  and  triangular,  obtusely  angled  apically; 
plates  very  characteristic,  broad  basally,  outer  margin  sinuately  convex 
to  acute,  dark,  chitinous  apex,  inner  margin  concave,  so  that  apices  are 
turned  toward  each  other,  a  row  of  bristles  running  diagonally  across 
before  the  middle,  while  on  the  outer  margin  and  apically  are  long  silky 
hairs;  pygofers  taper  to  long  acute  tips  that  exceed  the  plates. 

Distribution:    Reported  from  Riley  county. 
Hosts:  Professor  Osborn  records  this  species  as  being  com- 
mon on  coarse  grasses  and  sedges  on  low  ground. 

Thamnotettix  ciliatus  Osb. 

Thamnotettix  ciliatus  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  v,  p.  244,  1898. 
Thamnotettix  ciliatus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  138,   1915. 
Thamnotettix  ciliatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  683,  1917. 

Form:  Elongate  like  preceding  species.  Length,  4.5  to  5.5  mm.  Ver- 
tex nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long,  about  one-third  longer  on  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  broadly  rounded  apically  and  obtusely  rounding  with  front. 
Pronotum  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  short,  humeral 
margins  long.  Elytra  characteristic  of  the  genus. 

Color:  Green  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  yellow  with  four  large  black 
spots  on  margin,  a  spot,  varying  greatly  in  size,  back  of  the  ocelli  and 
often  two  small  parallel  lines  on  the  disc  about  half  way  between  the 
base  and  the  apex.  Pronotum  with  disc  greenish,  margins  frequently 
more  yellow.  Scutellum  yellow.  Elytra  greenish,  hyaline,  apex  some- 
times smoky,  nervures  yellow  or  whitish.  Face  yellowish-green  with 
antennal  pits  and  sutures  of  front  black,  sometimes  with  black  arcs. 
Nearly  entirely  black  beneath. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  slightly  longer  than 
preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave;  pygo- 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  215 

fers  long  and  narrow,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  spined  on  distal 
half.  Male,  valve  large  and  broad,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broad 
and  short,  outer  margin  sinuately  and  convexly  rounding  to  meet  the 
divergent  inner  margins,  the  truncate  apex  with  an  acute  inner  angle,  a 
few  spines  on  the  disc,  margins  and  apices  with  long  white  silky  hairs; 
pygofers  long,  exceeding  plates,  obtuse  apically. 

Distribution:  Taken  in  Cherokee  county. 
Hosts:   Grasses  or  sedges  in  low  places. 

Thamnotettix  fitchii  Van  D. 

Thamnotettix  fitchvi  Van  D.,  Ent.  Am.,  vi,  p.  133,  1890. 

Thamnotettix  fitchii  Smith,  N.  J.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  K,  p.  42,  fig.  62,  1890. 

Thamnotettix  fitchii  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  535,  1905. 

Thamnotettix  fitchii  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  137,  1915. 

Thamnotettix  fitchii  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  79,   1916. 

Thamnotettix  fitchii  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  683,   1917. 

(Cicadula  4-pnnctata  Fh.  MS)   in  collections. 

Form:  Small  but  fairly  robust  for  this  genus.  Length,  3.75  to  4.25 
mm.  Vertex  distinctly  wider  than  long,  produced,  obtusely  angled.  Pro- 
notum  with  very  short  lateral  margins,  humeral  margins  long.  Elytra 
long. 

Color:  Pale  or  dirty-yellow.  Vertex  with  four  black  spots  near  mar- 
gin, median  longitudinal  line  and  faint  spots  on  either  side,  brown. 
Pronotum  with  five  pale  longitudinal  lines.  Scutellum  yellow.  Elytra 
smoky  yellow  with  paler  nervures.  Face  brownish,  with  pale  median 
line  and  arcs,  antennal  pit  and  small  spot  below  each  ocellus,  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  on  lateral 
margins  as  preceding  but  with  posterior  margin  broadly  emarginate; 
valve  broad  and  short,  not  at  all  angulate;  plates  broad  basally,  spiny 
margins  concavely  narrowed  to  long  attenuate  tips  which  exceed  the  short 
bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  been  taken  in 
Douglas,  Riley,  and  McPherson  counties. 

Hosts:  This  species  occurs  on  grasses  in  low  and  moist 
places. 

Thamnotettix  pallidulus  Osb. 

Thamnotettix  jjallUlulun  Osb.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  v,  p.  245,   1898. 
Thamnottttix  pallidulus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  684,  1917. 

Form:  Very  much  like  fitchii.  Length,  3.75  to  4.25  mm.  Vertex 
nearly  one-third  wider  than  long,  one-third  longer  on  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  roundingly  angulate  apically.  Pronotum  strongly  convex  anter- 
iorly, lateral  margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long,  posterior  margin 
practically  straight.  Elytra  characteristic  of  the  genus. 

Color:  More  yellow  than  fitchii.  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum 
bright  yellow.  Vertex  with  four  black  marginal  spots,  ocelli  black. 
Elytra  a  dirty-yellow,  nervures  yellowish  or  whitish,  more  distinct  basally. 
Face  with  brownish  arcs  and  sometimes  a  black  spot  below  ocelli. 


216  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

External  gcnitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  length  of  the 
preceding,  composed  of  two  membranes,  the  outer  strongly  narrowed  pos- 
teriorly, exposing  the  sides  and  lateral  angles  of  the  inner,  posterior 
margin  of  the  outer  nearly  truncate,  sometimes  slightly  emarginate; 
pygofers  short  and  stout,  nearly  equalling  ovipositor,  distal  half  quite 
bristly.  Male,  valve  broad  and  short,  broadly  rounded  posteriorly;  plates 
broad  basally,  spiny  margins  slightly  convex,  tips  acute,  exceeded  by  the 
strongly  bristled  pygofers  which,  viewed  laterally,  are  triangular,  drawn 
out  into  long,  attenuate,  and  acute  apices. 

Distribution:    Taken  in  Cherokee  and  Douglas  counties. 
Hosts:    Probably  a  grass  feeder. 

Thamnotettix  nigrifrons  (Forbes). 

Cicadula  nigrifrons  Forbes,  14th  Kept.  111.  St.  Ent.,  p.  67,  pi.  5,  fig.  3,  1864. 

Thamnotettix  perpunctata  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  v,  pp.  200,  212,  1894. 

Deltocephalus  nigrifrons  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  218,  1897   (part). 

Thamnotettix  perpunctata  Bak.,  Psyche,  viii,  p.  116,  1897. 

Deltocephalus  nigrifrons  Osb.,   U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,   Bui.   108,   p.   77,   fig.   14, 
1912    (part). 
-      Thamnotettix  niyrifrons  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  684,  1917. 

Tkamnotettix  nigrifrong  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  81,  1919. 

Form:  Smaller  than  preceding  species.  Length,  3.25  to  4  mm.  Ver- 
tex wider  than  long,  one-third  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  round- 
ingly  obtuse  apically.  Pronotum  nearly  one-half  longer  than  the  vertex, 
not  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  mar- 
gins very  short,  humeral  margins  long,  posterior  margin  very  slightly 
emarginate.  Scutellum  broad.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  strongly  over- 
lapping apically,  only  one  cross  nervure  between  the  sectors. 

Color:  Yellowish-green;  vertex  yellowish,  with  four  large  black  mar- 
ginal spots,  ocelli  black,  median  longitudinal  line  brown.  Pronotum  with 
whitish  or  yellowish  spots  along  anterior  margins  sometimes  with  black 
showing  through  the  disc.  Scutellum  yellowish  or  whitish,  with  basal 
angles  and  apex  rather  more  strongly  yellow,  and  with  black  transverse 
impressed  line.  Elytra  subhyaline,  rather  smoky  apically,  nervures  whit- 
ish or  yellowish.  Face  yellow,  strongly  marked  with  black  coalescing  arcs. 
Beneath  black  marked  with  yellow. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding, 
composed  of  two  membranes,  the  outer  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly,  ex- 
posing lateral  angles  of  the  shorter  inner  membrane,  posterior  margin  of 
outer  membrane  truncate  or  elevated  and  seemingly  broadly  emarginate ; 
pygofers  long,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  bristly,  especially  on  distal 
half.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  as  long  as  preceding;  valve  broad  and 
short,  posteriorly  broadly  rounded;  plates  broad  and  triangular,  spiny 
margins  rather  slightly  concave  to  acute  apices  which  are  slightly  ex- 
ceeded by  the  bristly  and  acute  pygofers. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  217 

Distribution:    Very  common  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state 
as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Doctor  Forbes  when  describing  this  species  reported 
it  as  injurious  to  oats,  wheat,  and  corn.  Professor  Osborn  says 
it  shows  a  distinct  preference  for  annual  grasses  such  as  fox- 
tail and  the  panic  grasses  from  which  it  migrates  into  the  cul- 
tivated crops  on  the  withering  of  the  former.  He  also  says  it 
is  very  common  on  bluegrass  and  timothy. 

Genus  CHLOROTETTIX  Van  D. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  mostly  rather  large  species 
of  a  uniform  green  color,  often  fading  to  a  yellowish-green  in 
preserved  specimens.  A  few  species,  however,  are  small  and 
some  are  marked  with  spots  or  bands  on  the  head,  pronotum, 
or  scutellum.  The  vertex  is  broad,  either  rounded  or  distinctly 
bluntly  angled  apically.  The  sides  of  the  pronotum  are  moder- 
ately long.  The  elytra  are  long  and  thin,  subhyaline,  with  a 
distinct  appendix,  the  nervures  indistinct. 

All  the  members  of  the  genus  are  grass  feeders  and  so  no 
mention  will  be  made  of  the  specific  hosts  of  each  species. 

The  seven  species  keyed  below  have  all  been  recorded  from 
Kansas. 

KEY   TO   SPECIES.* 

A.    Vertex  with  anterior  margin  rounded,  not  distinctly  angulate. 
B.    General  color  brownish,  elytra  appearing  striped. 

necopinus. 

*  Adapted  from  key  by  DeLong,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  No.  15,  p.  4,  1919. 


218  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

BB.    General  color  greenish. 

C.    Female  ventral  segment  with  broad  spatulate  process; 

male  plates  long,  gradually  tapering.       spatulatus. 
CC.    Female  ventral  segment  notched  but  without  spatulate 
process. 

D.  Size  large,  7.5  mm.  long;  female  segment  uni- 
formly, concavely  and  deeply  notched,  male  plates 
narrowed  at  half  their  length  then  produced. 

unicolor. 

DD.  Size  smaller,  not  over  7  mm.  long;  female  segment 
with  sides  of  notch  each  bearing  a  lateral  tooth, 
male  plates  very  short,  broadly  rounded. 

viridiu8. 

AA.    Vertex  with  anterior  margin  distinctly  but  bluntly  angulate. 
B.    Size  smaller,  not  exceeding  6.5  mm.  in  length. 

C.  Vertex  distinctly  angled,  almost  twice  as  long  at  middle 
as  next  the  eyes;  female  segment  broadly  and  triangu- 
larly notched  half  way  to  base.  vividus. 

CC.  Vertex  more  bluntly  angled,  not  over  one-half  longer  at 
middle  than  next  the  eyes;  female  segment  narrowly 
incised  nearly  to  base.  galbanatus. 

BB.  Size  larger,  7  mm.  or  longer;  female  segment  broadly  but 
shallowly  emarginate,  a  minute  notch  and  brown  spot  at 
center.  tunicate*. 

Chlorotettix  necopinus  Van  D. 

Chlorotettix  necopi  us  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxv,  p.  282,  1893. 
Chlorotettix  necopi  us  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  228,  1909. 
ecopinus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent,,  Bui.  17,  p.  84,  1916. 

tw  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  688,  1917. 

us  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  185,  1918. 


Chlorotettix 
Chlorotettix 
Chlorotettix 
Chlorotettix 
Chlorotettix 


ecopinus  DeL.,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  p.  8,   1919. 
ecopinus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.   Sta.,   Bui.   199,  p.  83,   1919. 


Form:  Length,  7  mm.  Vertex  slightly  longer  on  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  posterior  margin  distinctly  concave, 
short  lateral  margins  rounding  into  the  humeral  margins,  disc  trans- 
versely wrinkled.  Elytra  long,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  General  color  brownish.  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  with 
a  greenish  tinge.  Vertex  with  a  broad  transverse  black  band  on  the  disc. 
Pronotum  marked  with  brown,  the  median  line  and  anterior  margin  paler. 
Scutellum  with  triangular  spots  in  basal  angles,  a  median  line  with  a 
small  spot  on  either  side,  brown.  Elytra  brown  with  the  nervures  lighter, 
giving  them  a  striped  appearance.  Face  with  ten  pale  arcs  and  two 
brown  spots  at  base  of  clypeus. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  as  long 
as  the  preceding,  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly,  lateral  angles  acute,  be- 
tween them  the  posterior  margin  being  broadly  and  deeply  cleft,  the  cleft 
with  a  small  blunt  tooth;  pygofers  rather  broad,  nearly  equalling  ovi- 
positor, spined  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve  about  twice  as  long  as  preced- 
ing segment,  broad,  margins  concave  on  either  side  of  the  rounded  apex; 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHLE.  219 

plates  broad  basally,  suddenly  constricted  beyond  middle  and  then  pro- 
duced to  the  slightly  divergent  tips,  exceeded  by  the  blunt  and  spiny 
pygofers. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  been  taken 
only  from  Cherokee  county. 

Chlorotettix  spatulatus  0.  &  B. 

(PI.  14,  fig.  a.) 

Chlorotettix  spatulatus  O.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  225,  pi.  26,  fig.  4,  1897. 
Chlorotettix  spatulatus  DeL.,  IVnn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  86,  1916. 
Chlorotettix  spatulatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  686,  1917. 
Chlorotettix  spatulatus  DeL.,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  p.  12,  1919. 
Chlorotettix  spatulatus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  86,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  6  to  7  mm.  Vertex  slightly  longer  on  the  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  broadly  rounding  with  front. 
Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  posterior  margin  distinctly  emarginate, 
short  lateral  margins  rounding  with  humeral  margins,  disc  transversely 
wrinkled.  Elytra  rather  broad,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen,  venation 
weak. 

Color:   Uniformly  greenish  or  yellowish-green. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  one-half  longer  than 
the  preceding,  posterior  margin  broadly  notched  nearly  three-fourths  of 
the  distance  to  the  base,  the  notch  with  a  median  spatulate  process  over 
one-half  the  length  of  the  notch;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  exceeding 
the  ovipositor,  sparsely  spined.  Male,  valve  broad,  longer  than  last  ven- 
tral segment,  obtusely  rounded  apically;  plates  about  three  times  as  long 
as  the  valve,  broad  basally,  convex,  spiny  margins  tapering  to  the  sub- 
acute  apices,  which  are  exceeded  by  the  bristly  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  large  anterior  curving  process 
and  very  broad  at  point  of  attachment  to  connective,  then  tapering  rather 
gradually  till  terminal  fourth,  when  they  are  suddenly  narrowed  to  long 
and  slender  apical  portion;  connective  Y-shaped,  the  stem  also  some- 
what divided  apically;  oedagus  long  and  curving,  dividing  into  two 
branches  apically,  which  in  turn  divide  again,  there  being  thus  four 
slender  curving  and  acutely-tipped  terminal  processes,  the  inner  pair  of 
which  are  longer  than  the  outer. 


220 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:  This  is  our  commonest  member  of  the  genus. 
It  is  found  all  over  the  state,  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Chlorotettix  unicolor  (Fh.). 

Bythoscopux  unicolor  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  58,  1851. 
Jasrus  unicolor  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  iv,  p.  511,  1878. 
Orypotes  unicolor  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  246,  1884. 
Thamnoteltix  unicolor  Harr.,  Ottawa  Nat.,  vi,  p.  32,  1892. 
A.thysanu8  unicolor  Southw.,  Science,  xix,  p.  288,  1892. 
Chlorotettix  unicolor  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  pp.  306,  308,  1892. 
Chlorotettix  vahdmei  Bak.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxx,  p.  219,  1898. 
Chlorotettix  unicolor  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  538,  1905. 
Chlorotettix  unicolor  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,   Bui.  238,  p.   144,  1915;   Bui.  248,  p. 
76,  1916. 

Chlorotettix  unicolor  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  685,  1917. 
Chlorotettix  unicolor  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  185,  1918. 
Chlorotettix  unicolor  DeL.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  227,  1918. 
Chlorotettix  unicolor  DeL.,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  p.  13,  1919. 

Form:  One  of  our  largest  species.  Length,  6.75  to  8  mm.  Vertex 
slightly  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  two  and  one-half  times  as 
broad  as  long,  broadly  rounding  with  front.  Pronotum  short,  over  twice 
as  broad  as  long,  anterior  margin  broadly  but  not  strongly  convex,  short 
lateral  margins  rounding  with  the  humeral  margins,  posterior  margin 
distinctly  emarginate.  Elytra  long,  greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Almost  uniformly  pale  green  or  yellowish-green.  Elytra  hya- 
line, the  nervures  often  dark  green  in  color. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  nearly  twice  as 
long  as  the  preceding,  with  a  fairly  broad  median  notch  the  apex  of 
which  is  surrounded  by  a  brown  spot,  the  posterior  margin  sinuate  on 
either  side  of  the  notch;  pygofers  rather  long,  spiny,  slightly  exceeding 
the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  broad,  posterior  margin  somewhat  sinuate 
on  either  side  of  the  obtuse,  nearly  truncate  apex;  plates  broad  basally, 
submarginally  spined  margins  concave  on  apical  half,  tips  produced,  sub- 
acute,  slightly  diverging,  greatly  exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLHXE.  221 

Distribution:  Van  Duzee  reports  this  species  from  Kansas. 
The  specimens  in  the  Snow  collection  are  from  Colorado, 
Nebraska,  and  Maine. 

Chlorotettix  viridius  Van  D. 

Chlorotettix  viridius  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  309,  1892. 
Athysanus  viridius  Southw.,  Science,  xix,  p.  288,  1892. 
Chlorotettix  viridius  Weed,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.  278,  1892. 


Chlorotettix  viridiu 

Chlorotettix  viridiu 

Chlorotettix  viridiu 

Chlorotettix  viridiu 

Chlorotettix  viridiu 


Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  538,   1905. 
DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  86,  1916. 
Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  687,  1917. 
DeL.,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  p.  15,  1919. 
Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  84,  1919. 


Form:  Like  unicolor  but  smaller.  Length,  6  to  7  mm.  Vertex 
slightly  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
broadly  rounding  with  front.  Pronotum  scarcely  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
anterior  margin  broadly  convex,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave. 
Elytra  greatly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Bright  or  apple-green.  Vertex  and  anterior  portion  of  pro- 
notum  yellowish.  Elytra  hyaline,  nervures  greenish. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  with  acute  lateral 
angles  between  which  is  a  broad  incision  reaching  nearly  to  the  base,  the 
margins  of  the  incision  each  with  an  obtuse  blackish  tooth  near  the 
middle;  the  long  sparsely  spined  pygofers  slightly  exceeding  the  ovi- 
positor. Male,  valve  broad,  slightly  shorter  than  last  ventral  segment, 
broadly  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  short,  produced  beyond  the  valve 
about  the  length  of  the  latter,  together  nearly  semicircular,  margins 
spiny,  apices  somewhat  divergent;  thin  pygofers  greatly  exceeding  the 
plates. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  thus  far  been 
found  in  Labette,  Bourbon,  and  Cherokee  counties.  Thus  it 
seems  to  be  confined  to  the  southeastern  part  of  the  state. 

Chlorotettix  vividus  Crmb. 

Chlorotettix  vividus  Crmb.,  Ann.  Ent.  Soc.  Am.,  viii,  p.   197,   1915. 
Chlorotetti'x  vividus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bnl.  17,  p.  88,  1916. 
Chlorotettix  vividus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  687,  1917. 
Chlorotettix  vividus  DeL.,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  p.  19,  1919. 
Chlorotettix  vividus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  84,  1919. 

Form:  The  smallest  species  of  the  genus  in  Kansas.  Length,  5.5  to 
6  mm.  Vertex  nearly  twice  as  long  at  middle  as  next  the  eye,  one  and 
one-half  times  as  wide  as  long,  convex.  Pronotum  scarcely  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  margins  short,  posterior 
margin  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra  strongly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Brownish-green;  elytra  more  distinctly  green  than  vertex,  pro- 
notum,  and  scutellum. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  the  length  of 
the  preceding,  lateral  angles  obtuse,  posterior  margin  broadly  and  tri- 


222  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

angularly  notched  nearly  half  way  to  the  base;  pygofers  narrow,  very 
slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  spiny  on  distal  half.  Male,  valve 
broad,  longer  than  last  ventral  segment,  margins  sinuate  on  either  side 
of  the  slightly  notched  apex;  plates  long,  spiny  margins  narrowing  to  the 
attenuately  produced  apices  which  are  equalled  by  the  bristly  pygofers. 

Distribution:  The  only  Kansas  records  for  this  species  are 
from  Douglas  and  Cherokee  counties. 

Chlorotettix  galbanatus  Van  D. 

Chlorotettix  galbanatus  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  310,  1892. 
Athysanwt  galbanatus  Southw.,  Science,  xix,  p.  288,  1892. 
Chlorotettix  unicolor  Bak.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxx,  p.  219,  1898. 
Chlorotettix  galbanatus  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  538,  1905. 
Chlorotettix  galbanatus  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  143,  1915. 
Chlorotettix  galbanatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  88,  1916. 
Chlorotettix  galbanatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  687,  1917. 
Chlorotettix  galbanatus  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  185,  1918. 
Chlorotettvx  galbanatus  DeL.,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  p.  22,  1919. 
Chlorotettix  galbanatus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  83,  1919. 

Form:  A  little  larger  than  vividits.  Length,  6  to  6.5  mm.  Vertex 
quite  obtusely  angled,  one-half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  over 
twice  as  wide  as  long.  Pronotum  long,  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  margins  short,  posterior  margin 
slightly  emarginate.  Elytra  greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  Uniformly  pale  yellowish -green.  Elytra  hyaline,  slightly  iri- 
descent. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  divided  into 
two  large  lateral  lobes  by  a  rather  broad  incision  reaching  nearly  to  the 
base;  pygofers  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely  bristly,  especially 
apically.  Male,  valve  large,  broad,  longer  than  last  ventral  segment,  very 
obtusely  angled  apically;  plates  large,  broad,  hairy  margins  rounding 
to  the  obtuse  apices  which  are  slightly  exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  So  far  this  species  has  been  taken  only  in 
Douglas  and  Wyandotte  counties. 

Chlorotettix  tunicatus  Ball. 

Chlorotettix  tunicatus  Ball,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxii,  p.  340,  1900. 
Chlorotettix  tunicatus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  87,  1916. 
Chlorotettix  tunicatus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  688,  1917. 
Chlorotettix  tunicatus  DeL.,  Ohio  St.  Univ.  Bui.,  xxiii,  p.  25,  1919. 
Chlorotettix  tunicatus  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Ajcr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  83,  1919. 

Form:  Larger  than  galbanatus.  Length,  7  mm.  Vertex  one-half 
longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  twice  as  wide  as  long,  broadly  round- 
ing with  front.  Pronotum  long,  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior 
margin  broadly  convex,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave.  Elytra  greatly 
exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:    Uniformly  pale  yellowish-green.     Elytra  subhyaline. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  one-half  longer  than 
the  preceding,  lateral  angles  broadly  rounding,  posterior  margin  round- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E. 


223 


ingly  emarginate  nearly  one-half  the  distance  to  the  base,  brownish 
medially;  pygofers  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor,  distal  half  spiny. 
Male,  valve  broad,  slightly  longer  than  the  last  ventral  segment,  margins 
concave  on  either  side  of  the  obtusely  angled  apex;  plates  broad  basally, 
convex,  spiny  margins  rounding  to  the  obtuse  apices. 

Distribution:    Fairly  common  in  eastern  Kansas  as  shown 
by  the  following  map : 


Genus  JASSUS  Fabr. 

In  the  members  of  this  genus  the  head  is  distinctly  narrower 
than  the  pronotum,  and  seems  to  be  set  back  on  the  latter. 
The  vertex  is  quadrate,  not  at  all  produced  in  front.  The  front 
has  distinct  transverse  striae.  The  pronotum  is  very  short, 
about  the  length  of  the  vertex,  the  lateral  portions  well  covered 
by  the  head,  with  short  lateral  margins,  long  humeral  mar- 
gins, and  the  posterior  margin  slightly  concave.  The  scutellum 
is  very  large,  wider  than  long.  The  elytra  are  rather  short 
and  broad,  broadly  rounded  apically,  the  nervures  strong. 

A  single  species  of  the  genus  occurs  in  Kansas. 

Jassus  olitorius  Say. 

(PI.    15,  flgs.    1-2.) 

Jassus  olitorius  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  310,  1831;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii,  p.  385. 
Jassus  subbifasciatu*  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  vi,  p.  310,  1831. 
Caelidia  olitorhts  Fh.,  Horaop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  58,  1851. 
Jansu-8  fuxcipennis  Spangb.,  Of.  Vet.  Akad.  Forh.,  xxxv,  No.  8,  p.  26,   1878. 
Caelidia  semifasciata  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  245,  fig.  311,  1884. 
Jaxxug  olitorivx  Van  D.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  389,  1890. 

Idioccnts  xtibbifanciatus  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can,,  iii,  p.  292,  1890. 
Pediopsis  ttubb  fandatvs  Harr.,  Ottawa  Nat.,  vi,  p.  31,  1892. 


JIIXXIIH  olitnnu 
JassiiK  olitnriit 


iilitor 
olitoriu 


Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  539,  1905. 
Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  145,  1915. 
DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  91,  1916. 
Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  689,  1917. 
Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  104,  1919. 


224 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Form:  Length,  6  to  8  mm.  Head  much  narrower  than  the  pronotum. 
Vertex  about  as  wide  as  long,  rounded  anteriorly.  Pronotum  about  as 
long  as  the  vertex,  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  widest  at  lateral  angles, 
lateral  margins  short,  humeral  margins  long,  posterior  margin  slightly 
emarginate.  Scutellum  very  large.  Elytra  rather  short  and  broad, 
rounded  apically,  venation  distinct. 

Color:  Varying  from  light  to  dark  brown.  Vertex  dirty-yellow, 
ocelli,  a  median  longitudinal  line,  and  often  a  pair  of  spots  on  disc,  brown- 
ish. Pronotum  brown,  darker  posteriorly  in  the  male.  Scutellum  brown, 
sometimes  with  basal  angles  and  two  spots  on  disc  black.  Elytra  brown, 
nervures  usually  darker,  females  with  two  light  transverse  bands.  Face 
the  color  of  the  vertex,  the  front  usually  darker.  Males  lack  the  light 
bands  on  the  elytra  and  are  uniformly  darker. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  laterally  twice  as 
long  as  the  preceding,  keeled,  and  with  posterior  margin  strongly  pro- 
duced medially ;  pygof ers  short,  broad  basally  but  strongly  narrowed  api- 
cally, much  exceeded  by  the  long  stout  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  hidden  by 
the  short  last  ventral  segment;  plates  very  long  and  narrow,  becoming 
vertical  and  spiny  on  their  apical  half,  their  apices  exceeding  the  ven- 
trally  shortened  but  dorsally  produced  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  long  and  slender,  curving,  enlarged 
distally,  apices  obtuse,  proximal  end  with  two  chitinous  processes,  the 
ventral  one  the  larger,  the  whole  end  spreading  out  into  a  thin  chitinous 
fan-shaped  base;  connective  of  two  pieces,  the  first  is  V-shaped  and  con- 
nects the  styles,  the  second  is  columnar,  deeply  cleft  at  the  upper  end  for 
the  reception  of  the  apex  of  the  V-shaped  portion  and  connecting  with  the 
redagus  at  the  lower  end,  and  the  whole  connective  projecting  ventrad, 
instead  of  dorsad,  as  is  usually  the  case ;  cedagus  widened  a  short  distance 
from  its  base  for  the  attachment  of  a  long  dorsal  process  which  runs  up 
for  the  attachment  of  the  membrane  from  the  anal  tube,  then  continuing 
as  a  long  narrow  curving  process  which  is  suddenly  bent  and  narrowed 
preapically,  and  finally  ending  in  a  delicate  spine-like  tip. 

Distribution:  This  species  occurs  in  eastern  Kansas  as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  225 

Hosts:  This  seems  to  be  a  very  general  feeder.  The  adults 
are  especially  common  in  Douglas  county  on  Ambrosia  trifida. 
The  nymphs  have  frequently  been  taken  on  oak. 

Genus  NEOCCELIDIA  G.  &  B. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  generally  short  and  robust 
though  some  are  distinctly  elongate.  The  head  is  narrower 
than  the  pronotum  and  is  obtusely  conical.  The  pronotum  is 
very  short  and  broad,  the  -anterior  and  posterior  margins  being 
nearly  parallel.  The  elytra  are  short  and  broad,  with  usually 
four  apical  cells,  though  sometimes  there  are  but  three.  The 
valve  of  the  male  is  very  characteristic  being  very  large  and 
produced  posteriorly  so  as  to  completely  cover  the  rest  of  the 
genitalia. 

One  of  the  two  species  keyed  below  has  been  taken  in  the 
state.  The  other  one  probably  occurs  here  too. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Color  yellowish-green,  apex  of  vertex  without  black  spot. 

tumidifrons. 
AA.    Color  whitish,  apex  of  vertex  with  black  spot.  Candida 

Neoccelidia  tumidifrons  G.  &  B. 

tumidifrons  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  104,  1895. 


Xeocalid'i 


lidi     tumidifrant  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  145,  1915. 


Neocaclidi 
Xeoca-lidi 
Xeocoelidi 


tumidifrons  0.  &  B.,  Proc.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  iv,  p.  183,"  1897. 


tumidifrons  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  91,  1916. 
tumidifrons  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  690,  1917. 
tumidifrons  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  103,  1919. 


Form:  Short  and  very  robust.  Length,  4  to  5  mm.  Head  narrower 
than  the  pronotum.  Vertex  one-half  longer  at  the  middle  than  next  the 
eye,  a  little  broader  than  long,  tumid  and  obtusely  conical.  Pronotum 
shorter  than  the  vertex,  over  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins 
convex,  humeral  margins  long,  anterior  and  posterior  margins  about 
parallel,  transversely  rugose.  Elytra  short  and  broad,  barely  reaching 
to  tip  of  abdomen. 

Color:  Uniformly  yellowish  or  yellowish-green,  the  vertex  and  face 
sometimes  washed  with  orange.  Elytra  subhyaline,  the  nervures  in- 
distinct. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  large,  posterior  mar- 
gin slightly  sinuate  on  either  side  of  a  small  median  notch,  lateral  angles 
slightly  produced  and  rounded;  pygofers  large,  slightly  exceeded  by 
ovipositor  and  sparsely  spined.  Male  with  the  large  triangular  valve 
characteristic  of  the  genus. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  been  taken  in 
Cherokee  and  Douglas  counties. 

15 — Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


226  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Neoccelidia  Candida  Ball. 

Neoceelidia  Candida  Ball,  Ent.  News,  xx,  p.  166,  1909. 

Neoceelidia  Candida  Van  D.,  Trans.  San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.   55,  1914. 

Neoccelidia  Candida  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  690,  1917. 

Form:  Stout  and  robust.  Length,  4.25  to  4.5  mm.  Vertex  a  little 
wider  than  long,  bluntly  oval  apically,  disc  convex,  rounding  to  the  tumid 
front.  Pronotum  shorter  than  the  vertex,  over  three  times  as  wide  as 
long,  anterior  and  posterior  margins  about  parallel,  humeral  margins 
long  and  rounding  with  the  shorter  lateral  margins.  Elytra  short  but 
exceeding  abdomen,  venation  distinct. 

Color:  Whitish,  sometimes  tinged  with  pale  green.  Vertex  with  black 
apical  spot,  ocelli  and  sometimes  a  pair  of  spots  on  disc,  brown.  Pro- 
notum and  scutellum  unmarked  except  for  brownish  impressed  line  of 
the  latter.  Elytra  milky-white,  nervures  pale  brown,  apical  cells  some- 
times brownish.  Face  pale,  unmarked. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  three  times  as  long 
as  the  preceding,  curved  around  the  pygofers,  posterior  margin  slightly 
medially  produced;  pygofers  broad,  nearly  equalling  the  ovipositor, 
sparsely  spined.  Male,  valve  as  broad  basally  as  last  ventral  segment, 
longer  than  broad,  apex  acute,  nearly  equalling  pygofers,  with  two  round 
black  spots  on  disc. 

Distribution:  Not  yet  reported  from  Kansas  but  should 
occur  in  the  western  portion  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  Doctor  Ball  informs  me  that  Atriplex  canescens  is 
the  host  plant  of  this  species. 

Genus  CICADULA  Zett. 

In  general  the  members  of  this  genus  are  rather  small  and 
elongate.  The  vertex  is  longer  on  the  middle  than  next  the 
eye,  but  not  strongly  produced.  The  pronotum  is  short,  the 
anterior  margin  more  or  less  convex,  the  posterior  margin 
slightly  concave.  The  elytra  are  long,  exceeding  the  abdomen, 
overlapping  apically,  with  a  distinct  appendix,  and  with  the 
inner  sector  not  forked,  there  being  only  two  anteapical  cells. 
The  wings  have  three  apical  cells,  thus  differing  from  the 
wings  of  the  two  following  genera  where  there  are  but  two 
apical  cells. 

Four  species  and  a  variety  of  this  genus  have  been  taken  in 
Kansas. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Species  large  and  robust,  4.5  mm.  or  more  in  length. 

punctifrons. 
AA.    Species  smaller,  elongate,  4  mm.  or  less  in  length. 

B.    Vertex  with  four  black  spots.  variata. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  227 

AA.    Species  smaller — concluded. 

BB.    Vertex  with  six  black  spots. 

C.    Four  of  the  black  spots  in  a  row  on  the  margin  of  ver- 
tex; basal  angles  of  scutellum  black.  lepida. 
CC.    Black  spots  of  vertex  in  two  rows  of  three  each,  the  two 
anterior   pairs   usually  forming   lines;   basal   angles  of 
scutellum  unmarked.                                        sexnotata. 

Cicadula  punctifrons   (Fall.). 

Cicada  punctifrons  Fall.,  Hemip.  Suec.,  Cicad.,  p.  42,  1826. 

Thamnotettix  punctifrons  Boh.,  Kong.  .Vet.  Akad.  Handl.  for  1847,  p.  33. 

Justus  punctifrons  Flor.,  Rhyn.  Livl.,  p.  328,  1861. 

Limotettix  punctifrons  Sahib.,  Cicad.,  p.  244,  1871. 

Cicadula  punctifrons  Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iv,  pp.  50,  58,  1885. 

Cicadula  punctifrons  Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  305,  1892. 

Cicadula  punctifrons  Mel.,  Cicad.  Mitt.  Eur.,  p.  34,  pi.  11,  figs.  1-4,  1896. 

Cicadula  punctifrons  Edw.,  Hemip.  Homop.  Brit.  Isds.,  p.  185,  pi.  21,  fig.  3,  1896. 

Cicadula  punctifrons  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  540,  1905. 

Cicadula  punctifrons  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  692,  1917. 

Form :  A  robust  species.  Length,  4  to  5  mm.  Vertex  nearly  parallel- 
margined,  very  slightly  longer  on  the  middle  than  next  the  eye,  broadly 
rounding  with  front.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin 
broadly  convex,  posterior  margin  very  slightly  emarginate,  lateral 
margins  very  short,  humeral  margins  long.  Elytra  long  and  narrow, 
greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen,  strongly  overlapping  apically,  appendix 
distinct. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  dirty-yellow.  Vertex  with 
two  large  round  black  spots  anteriorly.  Elytra  milky-white,  washed  with 
yellow. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  as  long  as 
preceding,  posterior  margin  slightly  produced  medially;  pygofers  large, 
widest  at  the  middle,  equalling  or  slightly  exceeding  the  ovipositor.  Male, 
valve  broad,  rounded  posteriorly,  about  three-fourths  as  long  as  last 
ventral  segment ;  plates  broad  basally,  about  twice  as  long  as  valve,  spine- 
less margins  narrowing  somewhat  concavely  to  the  subacute  somewhat 
divergent  apices;  pygofers  broad,  bristly,  slightly  exceeding  plates. 

Distribution:  Hamilton  county  has  furnished  the  only  speci- 
mens of  this  species  yet  taken  in  the  state. 
Hosts:  Willow. 

Cicadula  punctifrons  var.  repleta  Fieb. 

(PI.  15,  figs.  3-4.) 
Cicadula  punctifrons  var.  repleta,  Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iv,  p.  49,  1885. 


Macrosteles  punctifrons 
Cicadula  punctifrons  va 
Cicadula  punctifrons  va 
Cicadula  punctifrons  va 
Cicadula  punctifrons  va: 


ar.  repleta  Horv.,  Ann.  Mus.  Na-tl.  Hung.,  vi,  p.  566,  1908. 

americana  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiii,  p.  169,  1891. 

americana  Osb.,  20th  Rept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  540,  1905. 
.  americana  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  93,   1916. 

repleta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  693,  1917. 


Form:  Like  the  preceding  but  usually  larger.  Length,  5  to  6  mm. 
The  lateral  margins  of  pronotum  relatively  longer  than  in  typical  puncti- 
frons. 


228  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Color:  Ground  color  like  the  preceding,  variously  marked  with  brown 
or  black.  In  lightly  marked  specimens  there  are  faint  brown  stripes  on 
the  elytra  and  two  brownish  spots  on  the  margin  of  the  apex  between 
the  two  usual  large  black  spots.  Moderately  colored  specimens  show  five 
dark  stripes  on  the  elytra,  two  on  the  clavus  and  three  on  the  corium, 
with  sometimes  black  triangles  in  the  basal  angles  of  the  scutellum.  In 
dark  forms  the  black  stripes  of  the  elytra  may  fuse  and  make  the  whole 
elytron,  except  the  costal  margin,  almost  black. 

External  genitalia:    As  in  typical  jmnctifrons. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  very  characteristic,  broadest  at  point 
of  attachment  to  connective,  then  narrowing  to  middle  and  again  widen- 
ing, the  preapical  incision  on  lateral  margin  deep  and  extending  cephalo- 
mesad,  forming  a  distinct  shoulder  on  lateral  margin  which  bears  several 
hairs,  the  terminal  process  long,  directed  caudo-laterad,  obliquely  trun- 
cate apically,  forming  a  produced  and  acute  lateral  angle,  the  inner 
margin  with  a  few  preapical  small  teeth;  connective  Y-shaped,  the  arms 
bending  distally  around  the  styles,  the  stem  about  as  long  as  the  arms, 
divided  and  slightly  emarginate  basally ;  oedagus  with  a  large  wide  dorsal 
plate-like  process  at  the  base  which  extends  dorsad  to  the  membrane  from 
the  anal  tube,  the  distal  portion  wide  at  base,  then  narrowing,  widening 
again,  and  then  gradually  tapering  to  the  blunt,  slightly  concavely-tipped 
apex  just  before  which  there  are  two  small  sword-shaped,  acutely-tipped 
lateral  processes. 

Distribution:    Most  of  our  specimens  are  from  Hamilton 
county.    It  has  also  been  taken  at  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Hosts:  Willow. 

Cicadida  variata  (Fall.). 

Cicada  variata  Fall.,  Acta  Holm,  xxvii,  p.  34,  1806. 
Jassus  variata  H.  S.,  Nomen.  Ent.,  i,  p.  70,  1835. 
Jassus  fumatus  H.  S.,  Fauna  Germ.,  fasc.  153,  5,  1838. 
Thamnotettix  variata  Kirschb.,  Cicad.  v.  Wiesbd.,  p.  99,  1868. 


Limotettix  var 
Cicadula  varia 
Cicadula  varia 
Cicadula  varia 
Cicadula  varia 
Cicadula  varia 
Cicadula  varia 
Cicadula  varia 
Cicadula  varia 


ta  Sahib.,  Cicad.,  p.  250,  1871. 
Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iv,  p.  51,  1885. 
Van  D.,  Psyche,  vi,  p.  305,  1892. 
Edw.,  Hemip.  Homop.  Brit.  Isds.,  p.  185,  pi.  21,  fig. 
Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  540,  1905.  • 
Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  145,  1915. 
DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  94,  1916. 
Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  693,  1917. 
Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  106,  1919. 


Form:  Fairly  elongate.  Length,  3.75  to  4.25  mm.  Vertex  about  one- 
half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the  eye,  nearly  or  fully  twice  as  wide 
as  long,  apex  obtusely  angled.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral 
margins  very  short,  posterior  margin  very  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra 
moderately  broad,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Yellowish  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  with  two  large  black 
spots  near  posterior  margin  and  a  pair  on  the  anterior  margin  between 
the  vertex  and  the  front.  Scutellum  with  two  large  black  spots  in  basal 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  229 

angles,  the  anterior  portions  showing  through  the  pronotum.  Elytra 
whitish  hyaline,  often  smoky,  especially  on  basal  two-thirds,  and  with  a 
light  spot  on  the  claval  suture.  Nervures  light.  Face  unmarked,  or  with 
sutures  of  front  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  short,  about  as  long 
as  the  preceding,  posterior  margin  truncated;  pygofers  nearly  or  fully 
equalling  the  black  ovipositor,  the  apices  with  a  few  white  spines.  Male, 
valve  long,  triangular,  apex  obtusely  rounded,  nearly  covering  the  narrow 
plates. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas,  Potta- 
watomie,  and  Riley  counties.  It  probably  occurs  throughout 
the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  This  species  is  reported  from  grasses  and  weeds. 
Our  specimens  were  taken  at  lights. 

Cicadula  lepida  Van  D. 

Cicadula  lepida  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxvi,  p.  139,  1894. 

Cicadula  lepida  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  540,   1905. 

Cicadula  lepida  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  94,  1916. 

Cicadula  lepida  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  694,  1917. 

Cicadula  lepida  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  185,  1918. 

Cicadula  lepida  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  106,  1919. 

Having  no  specimens  of  this  species  at  hand,  we  copy  the  following  de- 
scription from  De  Long : 

"Resembling  variata,  but  distinguished  from  it  by  the  vertex  more 
produced  on  the  middle,  and  with  a  black  spot  next  each  eye.  Length, 
3.5  to  4  mm. 

"Vertex  bluntly  angulate,  slightly  more  than  half  longer  on  the  middle 
than  next  the  eye,  more  angulately  produced  than  variata 

"Color:  Yellow,  often  tinged  with  green;  vertex  with  two  spots  near 
the  base,  two  large  spots  on  apex,  a  vertical  mark  either  side,  between 
ocellus  and  eye,  and  often  short,  frontal  arcs,  black.  Elytra  whitish, 
often  tinged  with  yellow,  smoky  at  apex,  nervures  pale. 

"Genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  rather  short,  slightly  emargi- 
nate  at  middle;  pygofers  as  long  as  black  ovipositor,  clothed  with  white 
spines.  Male,  valve  large  and  rounded,  plates  short,  convexly  rounding  to 
rather  blunt  apices,  outer  margins  with  long  white  spines." 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  been  taken  in 
Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:  DeLong  reports  sweeping  specimens  from  small 
grass  in  low,  swampy  ground. 

Cicadula  sexnotata  (Fall.). 

(PI.   15,  figs.  5-6.) 

Cicada  sernotata  Fall.,  Acta  Holm,  xxvii,  p.  34,  1806. 
Jassus  sexnotata  Burm.,  Genera  Ins.,  pi.  14,  1838. 
Cicadula  sexnotata  Zett.,  Ins.  Lapp.,  column  297,  1840. 
Thamnotettix  sexnotata  Stal,  Stet.  Ent.  Zeit.,  xix,  p.  194,  1858. 
Macrosteles  sexnotata  Fieb.,  Verh.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  xvi,  p.  504,  1866. 


230  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Limotettix  sexnotata  Sahib.,  Cicad.,  p.  247,  1871. 


Cicadula  eexnota 
Cicadula  4-tineat 
Cicadula  gexnota 
Cicadula  gexnota 
Cicadula  sexnota 
Cicadula  sexnoti 
Cicadula  sexnota 
Cicadula  sexnota 
Cicadula  gexnota 
Cicadula  sexnota 
Cicadula  sexnota 
Cicadtila  sexnota 


Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iv,  p.  47,  1885. 

Forbes,  Kept.  111.  St.  Snt.,  xiv,  p.  68,  pi.  5,  fig.  4,  1884. 
Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  75,  1888. 
Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent,  p.  539,  1905. 

Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.   108,  p.  97,   fig.  27,   1912. 
Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  147,  1915. 
Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  248,  p.  59,  1916. 
Dei,.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  95,  1916. 
Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  094,  1917. 
Ell.,  Vort.  Landburg,  xxxvii,  No.  40,  p.  453,  1918.  • 
Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.   185,   1918. 
Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  107,  1919. 


form:  Distinctly  elongate.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm.  Vertex  slightly 
longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  nearly  or  fully  twice  as  wide  as  long, 
broadly  rounding  with  front.  Pronotum  broadly  convex  anteriorly,  very 
slightly  concave  posteriorly,  lateral  margins  very  short.  Elytra  greatly 
exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Yellowish  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  with  a  pair  of  black  spots 
posteriorly,  and  two  pairs  of  black  transverse  lines,  one  pair  on  the  an- 
terior margin,  the  other  pair  between  these  and  the  posterior  spots,  also 
a  black  line  between  the  reddish  ocelli  and  the  eyes.  Pronotum  frequently 
darker  or  with  black  showing  through,  especially  on  posterior  portion. 
Elytra  yellowish-gray,  often  smoky  apically.  Face  with  sutures,  arcs  on 
front,  and  median  longitudinal  line,  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  rather  short,  pos- 
terior margin  truncated;  pygofers  equalling  the  black  ovipositor,  with 
a  few  white  spines  apically.  Male,  valve  large,  triangular,  apex  ob- 
tusely rounded;  plates  small,  projecting  beyond  the  valve  about  the 
length  of  the  latter  and  then  produced  into  two  attenuated  apices  which 
nearly  or  quite  equal  the  bristly  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  large  anterior  process,  a  fair- 
sized  process  to  connective,  concave  laterally  just  before  the  middle  and 
then  mesally  concave  just  after  the  middle,  strongly  notched  laterally 
to  form  a  somewhat  curved  bluntly  pointed  terminal  process;  connective 
in  the  shape  of  a  broad  Y,  the  arms  rounding,  the  stem  widening  distally; 
redagus  curved  at  base,  long  and  slender,  deeply  cleft  at  apex  to  form 
two  strap-like  subacutely  pointed  processes,  the  dorsally  extending  basal 
process  quite  large. 


LAWSON I     KANSAS   CICADELLID>£. 


231 


Distribution:  This  is  one  of  our  most  abundant  species.  It 
is  found  in  every  part  of  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following 
map: 


Hosts:  Feeds  on  a  great  variety  of  plants.  Often  is  a  pest 
to  crops  because  of  its  large  numbers.  Doctor  Osborn  records 
it  as  feeding  upon  oats,  timothy,  corn,  potatoes,  and  pasture 
grasses. 

Genus  BALCLUTHA  Kirk. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  rather  elongate  slender 
species.  The  head  is  narrower  than  the  pronotum  and  the  ver- 
tex is  short,  the  margins  nearly  parallel.  The  elytra  are  very 
long,  greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen,  overlapping  apically, 
with  a  distinct  appendix,  and  with  only  two  anteapical  cells. 
The  hind  wings  have  only  two  apical  cells. 

Only  two  members  of  this  genus  have  been  taken  in  Kansas. 

KEY   TO    SPECIES. 

A.    Elytra  with  black  or  brown  spots. 
AA.    Elytra  unicolorous. 

Balclutha  punctata  (Thumb.). 


punctata. 
impicta. 


(PI.  16,  figs.  1-2.) 

("ii-aila  punctata  Thunb.,  Acta  Upsala,  iv,  p.  21,  1782. 
Eupteryx  clypeata  Curt.,   Brit.  Ent.,  xiv,  p.  640,   1837. 
Cicadula  spreta  Zett.,  Ins.  Lapp.,  column  298,   1840. 
Jasstis  punctatu*  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iii,  p.  877,  1851. 
TypMocyba  vernalia  Fh.  MS.,  in  collections. 

Gnathodus  punctatus  Fieb.,  Verb.  Zool.-Bot.  Ges.  Wien.,  xvi,  p.  505,   1866. 
Thamnotettix  punctatus  Kirschb.,  Cicad.  v.  Wiesbd.,  p.  90,  1868. 
Typhlocyba  rosea  Prov.,  Nat.  Can.,  iv,  p.  378,  1872. 
TypMocyba  punctata  Prov.,   Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  301,   1890. 
Typhlocyba  jacosa  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent.  Can.,  iii,  p.  300,   1890. 


232  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

GnathodiiH  ptinctatut  Mel.,  Cicad.  Mitt.  Eur.,  p.  314,  pi.  12,  figs.  5-8,  1896. 
(iiiathodus  pnnctatu*  Edw.,  Hemip.  Honiop.  Brit.  Isds.,  p.  191,  pi.  21,  fig.  10,  1896. 
Bnlehitha  punctata  Mats.,  Termes.  Fuzet.,  xxv,  p.  358,   1902. 

Balclutha  intnrtata  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  149,  1915;  Bui.  248,  p.  79, 
1916. 

Balclutha  punctata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  96,  1916. 
BaMutha  punctata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  696,   1917. 

Form:  Distinctly  elongate,  narrowing  posteriorly.  Length,  3.5  to  4 
mm.  Head  much  narrower  than  pronotum,  vertex  slightly  longer  on 
middle  than  next  the  eye,  over  three  times  as  wide  as  long,  sloping,  and 
broadly  rounding  with  front.  Pronotum  long,  anterior  margin  strongly 
convex,  posterior  margin  slightly  concave,  broadest  at  lateral  angles. 
Elytra  very  long,  overlapping  at  apex. 

Color:  Greenish  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  yellowish-green,  un- 
marked, or  with  three  faint  brownish  longitudinal  stripes.  Pronotum 
yellowish-green,  darker  on  the  disc,  unmarked,  or  with  five  brownish 
longitudinal  stripes.  Scutellum  pale,  often  with  basal  angles  and  two 
spots  on  disc  fuscous.  Elytra  greenish  with  hyaline  smoked  tips  or 
milky-white  with  green  nervures,  always  marked  with  black  or  brown 
spots.  Face  yellowish-green,  often  washed  with  fuscous. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin truncate;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  spiny,  equalling  ovipositor. 
Male,  valve  very  small,  just  visible  from  under  last  ventral  segment, 
rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broad,  triangular,  spiny  margins  convexly 
narrowing  to  the  produced  and  filamentous  apices  which  nearly  equal  the 
pygofers. 

Interval  male  genitalia:  Styles  truncate  anteriorly,  lacking  the  usual 
anterior  process,  then  narrowing  on  both  sides,  especially  the  inner,  to 
the  middle,  then  widening  to  a  subacute  angle  on  the  lateral  margin 
formed  by  a  deep  and  fairly  wide  lateral  incision  which  bears  a  few  hairs, 
the  apical  process  long  and  narrow  and  curving  strongly  to  the  acute 
tip;  connective  Y-shaped,  the  arms  widest  at  point  of  attachment  to 
styles,  then  narrowed  and  bent  mesad  anteriorly,  the  stem  longer  than  the 
rounding  arms,  and  widened  and  slightly  concave  basally;  cedagus  with  a 
large  swollen  base,  then  suddenly  narrowing  to  a  long  delicate  terminal 
lash. 

Distribution:  Douglas  county  seems  to  be  the  only  one  in 
which  this  species  has  yet  been  taken.  The  Snow  collection 
also  contains  specimens  from  Kansas  City,  Mo.  It  probably 
occurs  throughout  the  eastern  portion  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  Professor  Osborn  counts  this  species  as  of  probable 
economic  importance  due  to  its  occurring  in  grasses  and  cereal 
crops.  He  mentions  Canadian  bluegrass  as  a  definite  host.  The 
writer  has  taken  this  species  on  Elijmus  in  Douglas  county. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  233 

Balclutha  impicta  (Van  D.). 

(PI.  16,  figs.  3-4.) 

Gnathodus  impictus  Van  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.  113,  1892. 
Balclutha  impictus  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.  229,  1909. 
Balclutha  impictu*  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,   Bui.  238,  p.  149,  1915. 
Balclutha  impictus  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  96,  1916. 
Balclutha  impicta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  697,  1917. 

Form:  Slightly  smaller  than  punctata.  Length,  3.5  to  3.75  mm.  Head 
narrower  than  pronotum,  vertex  very  slightly  longer  on  middle  than  next 
the  eye,  over  three  times  as  wide  as  long.  Pronotum  long,  anterior  mar- 
gin strongly  convex,  posterior  margin  very  slightly  emarginate.  Elytra 
very  long,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen,  narrow,  overlapping  apically. 

Color:  Greenish,  sometimes  tinged  with  yellow,  Elytra  greenish 
basally,  becoming  whitish  apically. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  rather  long,  pos- 
terior margin  truncate;  pygofers  long  and  narrow,  widest  at  middle, 
spiny,  equalling  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  distinct,  nearly  semicircular; 
plates  small,  margins  convexly  narrowing  to  the  attenuate  tips  which  are 
strcngly  exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  produced  anteriorly  into  a  wide  proc- 
ess, widest  at  point  of  attachment  to  connective  by  a  rounded  inner  lobe, 
preapical  lateral  incision  nearly  semicircular,  the  terminal  process  rather 
short,  curved,  the  apex  more  heavily  chitinized  and  roughened;  con- 
nective Y-shaped,  the  arms  stout  and  triangular,  separated  by  a  rather 
narrow  incision,  the  stem  longer  than  the  arms,  widened  to  the  truncate 
apex;  oedagus  with  a  broad  rectangular  dorsally-directed  attachment 
process  at  the  base,  the  main  portion  swollen  basally  and  gradually  taper- 
ing to  the  bread  but  rather  deeply  bifid  apex,  so  that  it  seems  to  end  in 
two  delicate  processes. 

Distribution:  This  species  seemingly  is  found  throughout 
the  eastern  part  of  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  No  definite  host  plant  seems  yet  to  have  been  found 
for  this  species.    It  is  undoubtedly  a  grass  feeder. 


234  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Genus  EUGNATHODUS  Bak. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  very  much  like  those  of  Bal- 
clutha,  being  long  and  slender,  the  elytra  long  and  greatly  ex- 
ceeding the  abdomen,  with  only  two  anteapical  cells,  and  a 
distinct  appendix.  The  wings  also  possess  but  two  apical  cells. 
Here,  however,  the  head  is  distinctly  wider  than  the  pronotum 
and  thus  these  forms  are  readily  separable  from  those  of  the 
preceding  genus. 

One  member  of  the  genus  occurs  in  Kansas. 

Eugnathodus  abdominalis  (Van  D.). 

(PI.  16,  figs.  5-6.) 

Onathodus  abdominalis  Van.  D.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxiv,  p.   113,   1892. 
Eugnathodus  abdominalis  Bak.,  Invert.  Pacifica,  i,  p.  2,   1903. 
Balclutha  abdominalis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  95,  1916. 
Eugnathodus  abdominalis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  697,   1917. 
Eugnathodus  abdominalis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  107,  1919. 

Form:  Distinctly  elongate,  tapering  posteriorly.  Length,  3  to  3.5 
mm.  Head  as  wide  or  slightly  wider  than  the  pronotum.  Vertex  short, 
slightly  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  about  three  times  as  wide  as 
long.  Pronotum  broadly  rounded  anteriorly,  not  as  much  produced  as  in 
Balclutha,  lateral  angles  sharp,  posterior  margin  very  slightly  emargi- 
nate.  Elytra  very  long,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen,  strongly  overlapping 
apically,  appendix  distinct,  only  two  anteapical  cells.  Wings  with  two 
apical  cells. 

Color:  Greenish,  tinged  with  whitish  on  elytra  and  fuscous  on  ver- 
tex, pronotum,  and  scutellum.  Pronotum  sometimes  with  three  dark 
longitudinal  lines. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  short,  slightly  sinu- 
ate on  either  side  of  a  very  slight  median  prominence ;  pygofers  long  and 
narrow,  widest  at  the  middle,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male, 
valve  broad,  rounded  posteriorly;  plates  broad  basally,  short,  spiny 
lateral  margins  convexly  narrowing  to  the  divergent  apices,  which  are 
exceeded  by  the  pygofers. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  an  anterior  process,  a  large 
rounded  lobe  to  connective,  then  suddenly  narrowed,  the  terminal  process 
curved  outward,  rather  short  and  stout;  connective  Y-shaped,  the  arms 
widely  separated  and  curved  apically  around  styles,  the  stem  longer  than 
the  arms,  widened  basally;  cedagus  enlarged  basally,  with  a  small  dor- 
sally  directed  plate,  then  rapidly  narrowed  to  long  terminal  process, 
which  curves  dorsad  and  ends  rather  obtusely. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^. 


235 


Distribution:   Most  abundant  in  the  eastern  counties  of  the 
state,  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Probably  a  grass  feeder. 

Tribe  TYPHLOCYBINI  (Kirschb.). 

The  members  of  this  tribe  are  rather  uniformly  small  species, 
elongate  and  fragile.  They  differ  from  the  other  tribes  of  the 
Jassinas  and  from  other  Cicadellidas  in  two  particulars  chiefly, 
namely,  that  the  four  sectors  of  the  elytra  run  to  the  cross 
nervures  without  branching  so  that  there  are  no  anteapical 
cells,  and  in  the  fact  that  the  ocelli  are  often  wanting. 

The  tribe  is  divided  into  a  number  of  genera,  six  of  which 
are  represented  in  our  fauna.  The  genus  Eupteryx,  though  not 
represented  in  the  state,  is  included  in  the  key. 

The  following  key  to  the  genera  is  adapted  from  Gillette, 
Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  710,  1898.  I  have  followed  the 
nomenclature  given  by  McAtee,  Proc.  Biol.  Soc.  Wash.,  xxxi,  p. 
109,  1918. 

KEY  TO   GENERA. 

A.    Sectors  of  posterior  wings  ending  in  a  marginal  vein. 

B.    Elytra  with  an  appendix.  Alebra 

BB.    Elytra  without  an  appendix. 

C.    Two  apical  cells  in  posterior  wing.         Dikraneura. 
CC.    One  apical  cell  in  posterior  wing.  Empoasca. 

AA.    Sectors  of  posterior  wings  ending  in  wing  margin,  no  marginal  vein. 

B.    All  four  sectors  extending  to  the  wing  margin.    Eupteryx. 
BB.    Sectors  one  and  two  uniting  so  that  only  three  veins  extend  to 
the  wing  margin. 

C.    First  and  third  apical  cells  of  elytra  contiguous  at  base, 
second  apical  cell  triangular.  Typhlocyba. 


236  THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

AA.    Sectors  of  posterior  wings — concluded. 

CC.    First  and  third  apical  cells  of  elytra  completely  sepa- 
rated by  the  second  oblong  apical  cell. 
D.    Scutellum   thickened   and   distinctly  elevated   api- 

cally.  Hymetta. 

DD.    Scutellum  not  thickened  and  elevated  apically. 

Erythroneura. 

Genus  ALEBRA  Fieb. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  slender  forms  with  a  bluntly 
rounded  head  which  is  narrower  than  the  pronotum.  Ocelli  are 
present.  The  elytra  greatly  exceed  the  abdomen,  overlap  at 
the  apex,  and  have  a  distinct  appendix.  The  sectors  of  the 
under  wings  end  in  a  marginal  vein  and  there  are  three  apical 
cells. 

One  species  and  a  variety  have  been  taken  in  the  state. 

Alebra  albostriella  (Fall.). 

Cicada  albostriella  Fall.,  Hemip.  Suec.  Cicad.,  p.  54,  1826. 

Cicada  elegantula  Zett.,  Fauna  Lapp.,  i,  p.  536,  1828. 

Cicadula  elegantula  Zett.,  Ins.  Lapp.,  column  298,  1840. 

Typhlocyba  albostriella  Flor,  Bhyn.  Livl.,  ii,  p.  382,  1861. 

Typhlocyba  pallidula  Walsh,  Proc.  Best.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ix,  p.  315,  1864. 

Compsus  albostriella  Sahib.,  Cicad.,  p.  156,  1871. 

Alebra  albostriella  Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iii,  p.  40,  1884. 

Alebra  pallida  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,  1889. 

Alebra  albostriella  Mel.,  Cicad.  Mitt.  Europ.,  p.  316,  pi.  12,  figs.  9,  10,  1896. 

Alebra  albostriella  Edw.,  Hemip.  Homop.  Brit.  Isds.,  p.  193,  pi.  22,  fig.  1,  1896. 

Alebra  albostriella  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  713,  1898. 

Alebra  albostriella  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent,  Bui.  17,  p.  97,  1916. 

Alebra  albostriella  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  699,  1917. 

Alebra  albostriella  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.;  Bui.  199,  p.  109,  1919. 

The  following  description  of  this  species  is  given  by  De  Long: 

"Rather  robust,  long,  yellow  or  white  in  color.     Length,  3.5  to  4  mm. 

"Head  blunt,  parallel-margined,  slightly  curved  anteriorly.  Pronotum 
wider  than  head  including  eyes,  elytra  long,  rather  narrow. 

"Color:  Male,  usually  bright  yellow,  apices  of  elytra  fumose.  Female, 
varying,  usually  white,  pronotum  with  two  stripes,  a  broad  one  on  suture 
and  one  along  costa  of  elytra,  yellow,  head  and  pronotum  often  brown." 

Distribution:  The  only  record  of  this  species  for  the  state  is 
from  Pottawatomie  county. 

Hosts:  De  Long  records  taking  specimens  from  willows, 
grapevines  and  weeds.  Crevecoeur  took  specimens  from  burr 
oak. 

Alebra  albostriella  var.  fulveola  (H.  S.) . 

Typhlocyba  fulveola  H.  S.,  Fauna  Germ.,  cxiv,  No.  16,  1839. 
Typhlocyba  aurea  Walsh,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ix,  p.  315,  1864. 
Compsus  fulveola  Sahib.,  Cicad.,  p.  158,  1871. 

Alebra  albostriella  var.  fulveola  Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iii,  p.  41,  1884. 
Alebra  albontriella  var.  fulveola  Edw.,  Hemip.  Homop.  Brit.   Isds.,  p.   193,  pi.  22,  fig. 
2,  1896. 

Alebra  alboxtrirlla  var.  full-coin  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  699,   1917. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID.E.  237 

Form:  That  of  the  preceding.  Length,  3.5  to  4  mm.  Head  narrower 
than  the  pronotum,  blunt  anteriorly,  the  vertex  one-half  wider  than  long. 
Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  broadly  rounded  anteriorly,  lateral 
margins  fairly  long,  posterior  margin  somewhat  emarginate.  Elytra  very 
long,  greatly  exceeding  the  abdomen. 

Color:  The  specimens  at  hand  are  almost  uniformly  orange-yellow, 
the  elytra  pale  apically,  and  often  with  a  pruinose  spot  along  costal 
margin.  Beneath  and  legs  the  same  color  except  for  the  black  tarsal 
claws. 

External  genitalia:  Male,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  the 
preceding,  strongly  narrowed  posteriorly,  keeled  posterior  margin  trun- 
cate or  slightly  emarginate;  valve  present,  but  hidden  under  last  ventral 
segment  unless  the  latter  be  raised  up,  small  and  rounded  posteriorly; 
plates  very  large,  suddenly  narrowed  preapically  and  then  parallel- 
margined  to  the  blunt  bristly  apices  which  far  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas  county 
and  also  from  Kansas  City,  Mo.,  indicating  its  occurrence  in 
the  eastern  portion  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  Unknown. 

Genus  DIKRANEURA  Hardy. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  small  and  quite  slender.  The 
vertex  is  usually  obtusely  produced  anteriorly.  The  elytra 
greatly  exceed  the  abdomen  but  lack  an  appendix,  thus  differ- 
ing from  Alebra.  The  sectors  of  the  hind  wings  all  end  in  a 
marginal  vein  and  there  are  two  apical  cells,  differing  in  the 
latter  respect  from  Empoasca  where  only  one  apical  cell  is 
found. 

Two  species  of  this  genus  have  been  collected  in  Kansas. 
These  may  be  separated  by  the  following  key : 

KEY   TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Vertex  strongly  produced,  two  reddish  longitudinal  lines  on  vertex 

and  pronotum.  abnormis. 

AA.    Vertex  shorter,  usually  reddish  apically,  without  longitudinal  lines. 

fieberL 

Dikraneura  abnormis   (Walsh). 

Chloroneura  abnormis  Walsh,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ix,  p.  316,  1864. 
Dicraneura  abnormis  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,  1889. 
Dicraneura  abnormis  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  719,  1898. 
Dicraneura  abnormis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  98,  1916. 
,  Dikraneura  abnormis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  700,  1917. 
Dikraneura  abnormis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  110,  1919. 

Form:  Very  slender.  Vertex  over  twice  as  long  at  middle  as  next  the 
eye,  one-third  wider  than  long,  acutely  angled  apically.  Pronotum  long 
and  narrow,  one-half  longer  than  vertex,  lateral  margins  long,  slightly 


238 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


widening  posteriorly,  humeral  margins  short,  posterior  margin  distinctly 
concave.  Elytra  very  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Vertex  and  pronotum  yellowish,  with  two  broad  reddish  longi- 
tudinal stripes.  Scutellum  yellowish.  Elytra  greenish,  nervures  yel- 
lowish especially  apically  where  the  elytra  become  hyaline.  Face  pale. 
Abdomen  black. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  rather  short,  narrow, 
posterior  margin  broadly  but  slightly  convex;  pygofers  long  and  narrow, 
exceeded  by  ovipositor,  somewhat  hairy  along  mesal  margins  and  apically. 
Male,  valve  large,  broad,  lateral  margins  roundingly  narrowed  pos- 
teriorly, posterior  margin  truncate;  plates  broad,  narrowing  rather  con- 
cavely  to  the  attenuate  and  divergent  tips  which  are  upturned  and  exceed 
the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  This  species  seemingly  is  found  only  in  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map  : 


Hosts:   Occurs  on  a  large  number  of  grasses. 
Dikraneura  fieberi  (Loew). 

Notus  fieberi  Loew  in  Then,  Kat.  Ostr.  Cicad.,  p.  39,  1886. 
Notus  forcipatus  Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iii,  p.  53,  1884. 
Dicraneura  fieberi  Mel.,  Cicad.  Mitt.  Eur.,  p.  325,  1896. 
Dicraneura  fieberi  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  722,  1898. 
Dicraneura  fieberi  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  151,   1915. 
Dicraneura  fieberi  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  98,  1916. 
Dikraneura  fieberi  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  701,  1917. 
Dikraneura  fieberi  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  186,  1918. 
Dikraneura  fieberi  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  110,   1919. 

Form :  Length  about  3.5  mm.  Vertex  not  as  produced  as  in  abnormis, 
more  rounded  apically,  over  one-half  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye, 
nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Pronotum  long,  only  about  one-third  wider 
than  long,  lateral  margins  straight,  humeral  margins  short.  Elytra  long 
and  narrow. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^.  239 

Color:  Light  yellow.  Vertex  yellowish,  often  with  the  apical  portion 
distinctly  reddish.  Pronotum  yellowish,  the  disc  sometimes  reddish  or 
orange  colored.  Elytra  yellowish,  nervures  yellow,  often  quite  hyaline, 
especially  at  the  tips. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  very  short  laterally, 
posterior  margin  incised  on  either  side  of  a  large  produced  median  lobe 
whose  margins  taper  slightly  from  the  broad  base  to  the  rounded  apex; 
last  abdominal  tergite  large  and  inflated,  appearing  as  two  broad  lobes 
at  the  base  of  the  pygofers,  which  are  broad,  mesally  spiny,  and  nearly 
or  fully  equal  the  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  very  large  and  inflated,  a 
little  wider  than  long,  lateral  margins  rounded,  posterior  margin  truncate 
or  slightly  concave,  with  a  longitudinal  median  line;  plates  projecting 
from  under  the  valve  as  two  large  style-like  processes,  spiny,  curved 
dorsally,  with  a  distinct  black  tooth  on  inner  margin  before  the  black- 
tipped  apices,  which  exceed  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Taken  hitherto  only  in  Cherokee  and  Douglas 
counties.  Probably  occurs  throughout  the  eastern  part  of  the 
state. 

Hosts:  This  is  a  grass-feeding  species  which,  according  to 
Osborn,  may  be  of  economic  importance  because  of  occurring 
in  large  numbers  on  cultivated  grasses,  such  as  timothy. 

Genus  EMPOASCA  Walsh. 

The  forms  belonging  to  this  genus  are  slender,  greenish 
species,  very  largely  unicolorous.  The  elytra  are  long  and  lack 
an  appendix.  The  sectors  of  the  hind  wings  end  in  a  marginal 
vein,  thus  agreeing  with  the  two  preceding  genera,  but  in  this 
genus  there  is  only  one  apical  cell.  Ocelli  are  present. 

The  six  species  keyed  below  have  been  collected  in  the  state. 
Other  species  have  been  taken,  but  I  am  not  quite  certain  as  to 
their  specific  identity. 

KEY  TO   SPECIES. 

A.    Vertex  rounded,  at  most  but  slightly  produced  medially. 

B.    Elytra  with  two  transverse  dark  stripes.  trifasciata. 

BB.    Elytra  without  transverse  stripes. 

C.    Size  large,  robust,  length  usually  about  4  mm,,  elytra 

unicolorous.  obtusa. 

CC.    Size  smaller,  more  slender,  seldom  exceeding  3.5  mm., 

claval  suture  of  elytra  whitish.  albolinea. 

AA.    Vertex  distinctly  produced  medially. 

B     Pronotum  with  a  pale  median  line,  nervures  of  elytra  pale. 

alboneura. 

BB.    Pronotum  without  pale  line,  nervures  not  pale. 

C     Pronotum  with  six  or  eight  white  spots  on  anterior  mar- 
gin. 

CC     Pronotum  with  three  white  spots  on  anterior  margin. 

flavescens. 


240  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Empoasca  trifasciata  Gill. 

Empoasca  trtfasciata  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  726,  1898. 
Empoasca  trifasciata  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  542,  1905. 
Empoasca  trifasciata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  99,  1916. 
Empoasca  trifasciata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  702,  1917. 
Empoasca  trifasciata  Weiss  &  Dick.,  Can.  Ent.,  L,  p.  201,  1918. 
Empoasca  trifasciata  Weiss,  Ent.  News,  xxix,  p.  310,  1918. 

Form:  Length,  4  to  4.25  mm.  Vertex  very  slightly  longer  at  middle 
than  next  the  eyes,  obtusely  rounded  apically,  twice  as  wide  as  long. 
Pronotum  long,  one-half  wider  than  long,  lateral  margins  long,  widening 
posteriorly,  humeral  margins  shorter,  posterior  margin  slightly  emargi- 
nate.  Elytra  very  long,  greatly  exceeding  abdomen. 

Color:  Greenish.  Vertex  greenish-yellow.  Pronotum  yellowish  an- 
teriorly, with  a  dark  brown  band  on  the  posterior  part.  Scutellum  yel- 
lowish basally,  greenish  apically.  Elytra  greenish,  with  broad  smoky  or 
brownish  bands  across  middle  of  clavus  and  at  apex.  Face  yellowish 
above,  greenish  below,  sometimes  with  a  white  median  longitudinal  line. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin roundingly  produced  medially;  pygofers  moderately  robust,  long, 
slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor. 

Distribution:  Douglas  and  Riley  counties  seem  to  be  the  only 
counties  in  the  state  where  this  species  has  yet  been  taken. 

Hosts:  Weiss  and  Dickerson  give  Carolina  and  Lombardy 
poplars  as  hosts. 

Empoasca  obtusa  Walsh. 

Empoasca  obtusa  Walsh,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ix,  p.  316,   1864. 

Empoasca  obtusa  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  109,  1895. 

Empoasca  obtvsa  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  733,  1898. 

Empoasca  obtvsa  Webs.,  Ent.  News,  xxi,  p.  265,  1910. 

Empoasca  obtusa  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  153,  1915. 

Empoasca  obtusa  Leon.,  Ent.  News,  xxvii,  p.  49,  1916. 

Empoasca  obtusa  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  100,  1916. 

Empoasca  obtusa  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  703,  1917. 

Empoasca  obtusa  McAt.,  Can.  Ent.,  L,  p.  360,  1918. 

Empoasca  obtusa  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  Ill,  1919. 

Form:  Rather  robust.  Length,  4  mm.  Head  broad;  vertex  slightly 
longer  medially  than  next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  broadly 
rounded  apically.  Pronotum  long,  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral 
margins  long  and  widening  posteriorly,  humeral  margins  short,  posterior 
margin  distinctly  emarginate.  Elytra  long  and  narrow,  greatly  exceed- 
ing the  abdomen. 

Color:  Pale  green  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  sometimes  marked  with 
fuscous.  Pronotum  usually  with  three  fairly  large  white  spots  on  ante- 
rior margin,  and  sometimes  the  posterior  margin  marked  with  bright 
green.  Scutellum  frequently  with  a  broad  white  median  line.  Elytra 
yellowish  or  greenish,  subhyaline,  sometimes  smoky  and  with  some  of  the 
nervures  bright  green. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  241 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin roundingly  produced,  but  with  the  sides  not  sinuous;  pygofers  long, 
rather  bristly,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  seg- 
ment over  twice  the  length  of  the  preceding,  broad,  posterior  margin 
broadly  rounding,  covering  the  valve;  plates  broad  and  long,  spiny,  the 
upturned  tips  being  laterally  compressed  and  obtuse  apically;  pygofers 
very  short,  completely  hidden  by  the  plates. 

Distribution:  Fairly  common  in  the  eastern  portion  of  the 
state  as  indicated  by  its  occurrence  in  Douglas,  Pottawatomie, 
Riley  and  Sedgwick  counties. 

Hosts:  This  species  is  usually  abundant  on  willow.  Leonard 
gives  poplar  as  another  host. 

Empoasca  albolinea  Gill. 

Ewpoasca  albolinea  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  732,  1898. 
Empoasca  albolinea  Tuck.,  Kan.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  68,  1907. 
Empoasca  albolinea  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  704,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  3.5  mm.  Head  not  as  broad  and  more  rounding  an- 
teriorly than  in  obtusa  Vertex  slightly  longer  on  middle  than  next  the 
eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  broadly  rounding  apically.  Pronotum 
nearly  three  times  as  long  as  the  vertex,  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long. 
Elytra  characteristic  of  the  genus. 

Color:  Greenish-yellow.  Vertex  with  median  white  line  and  two  white 
lateral  spots  or  lines.  Pronotum  with  three  white  spots  on  anterior  mar- 
gin and  a  characteristic  pale  median  longitudinal  line.  Scutellum  with 
white  median  line.  Elytra  yellowish,  sometimes  smoky,  the  claval  suture 
broadly  pale.  Face  yellowish  above,  greenish  below,  sometimes  unmarked, 
sometimes  with  a  median  longitudinal  line,  a  line  next  each  eye,  and  a  line 
between  these  and  the  median  line,  white. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin produced  and  entire;  pygofers  moderately  robust,  spiny  mesally,  ex- 
ceeded by  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  broad  and  long,  cover- 
ing the  valve;  plates  as  in  obtusa  but  with  a  much  thicker  covering  of 
much  longer  spines  and  hairs;  pygofers  very  short,  completely  hidden  by 
the  plates. 

Distribution:  Our  only  records  for  this  species  are  from 
Douglas  county. 

Hosts:  Our  specimens  were  taken  at  electric  lights.  Gillette 
gives  willows  as  the  host  plant. 

Empoasca  alboneura  Gill. 

Empoaxca  alboneura  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  743,  1898. 
Empoasca  alboneura  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  101,  1916. 
E,,il«,a»ca  alboneura  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  705,  1917. 

Form:  Short  and  fairly  robust.  Length  about  3  mm.  Vertex  about 
one-third  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  over  twice  as  wide  as  long. 

16— Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


242  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral 
and  humeral  margins  about  equal,  posterior  margin  distinctly  concave. 
Elytra  moderately  long. 

Color:  Greenish-yellow.  Vertex  yellowish,  a  median  line,  a  spot  on 
either  side,  and  one  on  posterior  margin  near  each  eye,  white.  Pronotum 
yellowish,  becoming  greenish  posteriorly,  anterior  margin  with  three 
white  spots,  and  with  a  distinct  pale  median  longitudinal  line.  Scutellum 
yellowish,  often  with  a  broad  white  median  line.  Elytra  greenish,  apices 
smoky,  nervures  broadly  pale.  Face  yellowish  above,  greenish  below. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin medially  produced;  pygofers  rather  robust,  spiny,  considerably  ex- 
ceeded by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  large,  concave, 
and  therefore  the  posterior  margin  appearing  notched;  plates  long  and 
narrow,  each  bearing  two  rows  of  long  bristles,  the  tips  upturned;  py- 
gofers very  short,  completely  hidden  by  the  plates. 

Distribution:  Gillette's  record  of  specimens  from  Greeley 
county  is  our  only  record  of  this  species  in  the  state. 

Hosts:  De  Long  reports  sweeping  this  species  from  weeds, 
grass,  and  red  clover,  and  also  taking  it  around  lights. 

Empoasca  mali  (LeB.). 

(PI.   16,  figs.   7-8.) 

Tettigonia  mali  LeB.,  Prairie  Farmer,  xiii,  p.  330,  1853. 
Empoa  albopicta  Forbes,  13th  Kept.  111.  St.  Ent.,  p.  181,  pi.  14,  1884. 
Empoasca  mali  Osb.,  Proc'.  la.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  pt.  2,  p.  126,  1892. 
Empoasca  mali  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl  Mus.,  xx,  p.  744,  1898. 
Empoasca  mali  Lugg.,  6th  Kept.  Minn.  St.  Ent.,  p.  131,   1900. 
Empoasca  albopicta  Washb.,  9th  Kept.  Minn.  St.  Ent.,  p.  59,  1904. 
Empoasca  mali  Washb.,  9th  Kept.  Minn.  St.  Ent.,  p.  91,  T904. 
Empoasca  mali  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  543,   1905. 
Empoasca  mali  Washb.,  U.  S.  Dept  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  52,  p.  43,  1905. 
Empoasca  mali  Washb.,  12th  Kept.  Minn.  St.  Ent.,  p.  11,  1908. 
Empoasca  mali  Webs.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent..  ii,  p.  211,   1909. 
Empoasca  mali  Webs.,  Ent.  News,  xxi,  p.  266,  1910. 
Empoasca  mali  Webs.,  la.  St.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  Ill,  1910. 
Empoasca  mali  Washb.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  iii,  p.  162,  1910. 
Empoasca  mali  Sand.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  iii,  p.  210,  1910. 
Empoasca  mali  Washb.,  13th  Kept.  Minn.  St.  Ent.,  p.  31,  1910. 
Empoasca  mali  Osb.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  108,  p.  100,  fig.  28,  1812. 
Empoasca  mali  Hase.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  vi,  p.  240,  1913. 
Empoasca  mali  Ess.,  Inj.  Benef.  Ins.  Calif.,  edn.  2.  p.  62,  1915. 
Empoasca  mali  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  153,  1915. 
Empoasca  mali  Webs.,  la.  St.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  155,  p.  395,  1915. 
.Empoasca  mali  Gibs.,  Can.  Ent.,  xhriii,  p.  178,  1916. 
Empoasca  mali  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  102,  1916. 
Empoasca  mali  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  705,   1917.  . 
Empoasca  mali  Lathr.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  xi,  p.  144,  1918. 
Empoasca  mali  Lathr.,  N.  Y.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  451,  p.  185,  1918. 
Empoasca  mali  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  186,  1918. 
Empoasca  mali  Ball,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  xii,  p.  149,  2  pi.,  1919. 
Empoasca  mali  Ball,  Wise.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bui.  23,  p.  76,  5  pi.,  1919. 
Empoasca  mali  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  122,  1919. 
Empoasca  mali  Fluke,  Jl.  EC.  Ent,  xii,  p.  256,  1919. 
Empoasca  mali  Ack.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  805,  p.  1,  1919. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID/E. 


243 


Form:  Length,  about  3.5  mm.  Vertex  one-third  longer  on  middle 
than  next  the  eye,  distinctly  produced,  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long. 
Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral 
and  humeral  margins  about  equal,  posterior  margin  distinctly  emarginate. 
Elytra  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Yellowish-green.  Vertex  with  median  line,  dashes  on  either 
side  anteriorly  and  posteriorly,  white.  Pronotum  with  six,  sometimes 
with  eight,  white  spots  along  anterior  margin.  Scutellum  with  a  white 
"H"  on  anterior  portion,  and  three  white  lines  on  posterior  half.  Elytra 
greenish,  sometimes  smoky.  Face  yellowish  above,  greenish  below,  with 
white  median  line  and  other  white  markings  between  it  and  the  eyes. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin slightly  produced  or  truncate;  pygofers  rather  robust,  spiny  mesally, 
exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment  very  large,  pos- 
terior margin  rounding;  plates  long  and  narrow,  apices  obtuse,  upturned, 
and  laterally  compressed,  thickly  covered  with  white  hairs  and  spines; 
pygofers  very  short,  completely  covered  by  the  plates. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  long  and  slender,  sinuate;  connective 
the  form  of  an  equilateral  triangle  with  the  corners  rounded  and  the 
sides  slightly  concave;  oadagus  long  and  slender,  very  slender  basally, 
then  widening  and  again  narrowing  to  tip  when  viewed  laterally.  Viewed 
dorsally  it  is  enlarged  apically  into  a  blunt  spearhead. 

Distribution:  This  is  by  far  the  commonest  member  of  this 
genus.  Its  recorded  distribution  for  the  state  is  shown  by 
the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Taken  on  a  large  variety  of  hosts  and  very  abun- 
dantly at  lights.  Because  of  feeding  on  so  many  cultivated 
plants  it  is  of  decided  economic  importance.  It  is  common  on 
many  members  of  the  family  Leguminoste,  especially  on  alfalfa 
and  beans.  It  is  often  an  apple  pest.  In  the  last  year  it  has 
been  attracting  much  attention  due  to  its  work  on  potatoes. 
Doctor  Ball  has  shown  that  it  is  the  means  of  producing  ''hop- 


244 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


perburn"  on  this  crop,  and  he  has  therefore  proposed  the  name 
of  "potato  leafhopper"  for  this  species,  for  it  is  now  known  to 
pass  its  life  cycle  on  potato. 

Empoasca  ftavescens  (Fabr.). 

Cicada  flavescens  Fabr.,  Ent.  Syst.,  iv,  p.  46,  1794. 

Typhlocyba  flavescens  Flor.,  Khyn.  Livl.,  ii,  p.  394,  1861. 

Cicadula  flavescen    Sahib.,  Cicad.,  p.  161,  1871. 

Chlorita  flavescen     Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iii,  p.  57,   1884. 

Empoasca  flavesce  s  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  745,  1898. 

Empoasca  flavesce  s  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  543,  1905. 

Empoasca  flavesc     s  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  102,   1916. 

Empoasca  flavesc     «  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  706,   1917. 

Empoasca  flavesc     s  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  186,  1918. 

Empoasca  flavescens  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  112,  1919. 

Form:  Very  much  like  mail.  Length,  about  3.5  mm.  Vertex  one- 
third  longer  at  middle  than  next  the  eye,  distinctly  produced,  one-half 
longer  than  wide.  Pronotum  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior 
margin  broadly  convex,  posterior  margin  distinctly  concave.  Elytra  long 
and  narrow. 

Color:  Yellowish  or  yellowish-green.  Vertex  with  median  line,  and 
a  pair  each  of  anterior  and  posterior  oblique  lines,  white.  Pronotum  usu- 
ally with  three  white  anterior  spots.  Scutellum  usually  with  three 
white  longitudinal  lines  on  basal  portion  and  a  broad  transverse  white 
band  back  of  impressed  line.  Elytra  pale  green,  nervures  indistinct,  api- 
cally  hyaline.  Face  yellowish  above,  greenish  below,  with  broad  white 
median  line  and  whitish  markings  between  this  and  the  eye. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin produced ;  pygof ers  rather  robust,  spiny  mesally,  exceeded  by  oviposi- 
tor. Male,  last  ventral  segment  over  twice  the  length  of  the  preceding; 
plates  broad  basally,  regularly  tapering  to  the  rounded  upturned  apices, 
with  a  row  of  submarginal  spines,  and  hairy  marginally  and  apically; 
pygofers  short,  completely  hidden  by  the  plates. 

Distribution:  A  very  common  species  which  is  distributed 
all  over  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map : 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^:.  245 

Hosts:  Taken  in  abundance  at  lights.  De  Long  records  it 
from  the  same  hosts  as  mali,  namely,  beans,  peas,  alfalfa,  and 
apple. 

Genus  EUPTERYX  Curt. 

No  members  of  this  genus  have  yet  been  reported  from  Kan- 
sas. Unlike  the  three  preceding  genera  the  sectors  of  the  hind 
wings  end  in  the  wing  margin  instead  of  in  a  marginal  vein, 
and  they  differ  from  the  two  following  genera  in  having  four 
sectors  instead  of  three. 

McAtee  shows  that  the  old  name  Eupteryx  should  be  re- 
tained for  the  genus  rather  than  the  name  Typhlocyba  as  used 
by  Van  Duzee  in  his  catalogue. 

Genus  TYPHLOCYBA  Germ. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  characterized  by  having  the 
first  and  third  apical  cells  of  the  elytra  contiguous  at  the  base, 
by  lacking  a  marginal  vein  in  the  hind  wings,  and  having  only 
three  sectors  reaching  the  margin  of  the  wing. 

Only  one  species  has  been  taken  in  the  state. 

Typhlocyba  rosse  (Linn.). 

(PI.   16,  figs.  9-10.) 

Cicada  rosce  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.  edn.  10,  i,  p.  439,   1758. 
Cicada  (Tettigonia)  rosce  Geoff.,  Hist.  Aberg.  des  Ins..  i.  p.  428,  1762. 
Tvphlocyba  rosce  Burra.,  Handb.  d.  Ent.,  ii,  p.  107,  1835. 
Cicadvla  rosce  Zett.,  Ins.  Lapp.,  column  300,  1840. 
Tettigonia  rosce  Harr.,  Ins.  Inj.  to  Veg.,  p.  199,  1842. 
Typhlocyba  pteridis  Dahlb.,  Kongl.  Vet.  Akad.  Handl.  for  1850,  p.   179. 
Tettigonia  rosce  Harr.,  Kept.  Ins.  Mass.,  edn.  2,  p.  182,  1852. 
Typhlocyba  lactea  Dougl.,  Ent.  Mo.  Mag.,  xii,  p.  77,   1875. 
Anomia  rosce  Fieb.,  Revue  d'Ent.,  iii,  p.  124,  1884. 
Tettigonia  rosce  Lint.,  2nd  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  31,  1885. 
Tettigonia  rosce  Lint.,   6th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.   166,   1890. 
Tettigonia  rosce  Lint.,  7th  Kept,  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  345,  1891. 
Empoa  rosce  Lint.,  8th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  256,   1893. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  112,  1895. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  771,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Lugg.,  Minn.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  69,  p.  131,   1900. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Osb.,  20th  Kept,  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  545,  1905. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Felt,  25th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  90,  1910. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Webs.,  Ent.  News,  xxi,  p.  267,  1910. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Felt,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  iv,  p.  413,  1911. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Felt,  27th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  1912. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Ess.,  Inj.  Benef.  Ins.  Calif.,  p.  62,  1915. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  158,  1915. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Wils.  &  Childs,  2d  Bien.  Crop  Pest  Kept.,  Ore.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  p.  18», 
1915. 

Typhlocyba  rosce  Britt.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Nova  Scotia,  No.  2,  p.  48,  1916. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.  Bui.  17,  p.  109,  1916. 
Typhlocyba  rosce  Britt.,  Nova  Scotia  Col.  Agr.,  Circ.  17,  1917. 


246  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Kmiioa  rosce  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.   710,    ]<)17. 

Empoa  roscc  Childs,  Ore.  Agr.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  148,  1918. 

Empoa  ro»<r  Lathr.,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  xi,  p.  144,   1918. 

Empoa  row  Lathr.,  N.  Y.  Agr.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  451,   1918. 

Typhlocyba  rosce  McAt.,  Can.  Ent.,  1,  p.  361,  1918. 

Empoa  rosce  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  119,  1919. 

Empoa  rosce  Ack.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  199,  p.  20,   1919. 

Form:  Length,  about  3.5  mm.  Vertex  one-third  longer  on  middle  than 
next  the  eye,  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long.  Pronotum  less  than  twice 
as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  long  and  broadening  posteriorly,  pos- 
terior margin  emarginate.  Elytra  very  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Uniformly  white  or  yellowish-white  except  for  dark  eyes  and 
tarsal  claws. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  twice  as  long  as 
the  preceding,  narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  truncate;  pygofers 
moderately  broad,  rather  short,  slightly  exceeded  by  ovipositor,  sparsely 
spiny  apically.  Male,  valve  broad  but  very  short,  lateral  margins  strongly 
narrowed  posteriorly;  plates  long  and  narrow,  lateral  margins  slightly 
concave  just  before  middle  and  rather  strongly  emarginate  apically,  the 
black-tipped  apices  being  divergent  and  curved  dorsad;  pygofers  large, 
touching  the  tips  of  the  plates,  with  a  small  terminal  dorsal  tooth. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  very  large,  with  a  long  cephalic 
process,  after  which  is  a  distinct  dorsal  process,  the  tip  of  which  is 
spiny,  the  terminal  portion  long  and  curving  strongly  apically;  con- 
nective short,  with  three  basal  processes,  the  inner  one  more  pointed 
than  the  outer  two,  the  base  broad;  cedagus  with  a  basal  dorsally  di- 
rected process  which  is  narrow  and  straight  at  first,  then  widening  and 
forming  a  large  curving  process  running  caudo-dorsad,  terminal  por- 
tion long  and  slender,  curving,  deeply  bifid  into  two  processes  whose 
tips  are  suddenly  narrowed  and  acute. 

Distribution:  This  species  is  not  as  common  in  the  state 
as  might  be  expected.  It  perhaps  is  distributed  well  over 
the  eastern  part,  but  it  is  recorded  as  having  been  taken 
only  in  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:  Childs  gives  the  following  as  hosts  of  this  species: 
Wild  and  cultivated  rose,  apple,  blackberry,  raspberry,  Logan- 
berry, strawberry,  dogwood,  prune,  cherry,  and  Cratsegus. 
Gillette  gives  plum,  cherry,  currant,  and  grape  in  addition. 

Genus  HYMETTA  McAtee. 

This  monotypic  genus  was  lately  erected  by  McAtee  for 
the  species  till  lately  known  as  Typhlocyba  trifasciata,  but 
which  Van  Duzee  placed  under  the  genus  Erythroneura  in  his 
catalogue.  It  differs  from  the  latter  genus,  however,  in  hav- 
ing the  scutellum  thickened  and  distinctly  elevated  apically. 
Moreover,  the  second  apical  vein  is  curved,  reaching  the  mar- 
gin at  the  exterior  angle  of  the  elytra  and  often  nearly  or 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^E.  247 

quite  forming  a  stalk  with  the  first  apical  vein.  In  Eryth- 
roneura, on  the  other  hand,  the  second  vein  clearly  reaches  the 
posterior  margin  of  the  elytra  and  does  not  form  a  stalk  with 
the  first  apical  vein.  It  agrees  with  the  latter  genus  in  having 
the  second  apical  cell  oblong  instead  of  stalked  as  in  Typhlo- 
cyba. 

Hymetta  trifasciata  (Say). 

(PI.  16,  figs.  11-12.) 

Tettigonia  trifasciata  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  343 ;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii,  p. 
259. 

Typhlocyba  trifasciata  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,  1889. 
Typhlocyba  trifasciata  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  755,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  trifasciala  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  544,  1905. 
Typhlocyba  trifasciata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  106,   1916. 
Erythroneura  trifasciata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  712,  1917. 
Hymetta  trifasciata  McAt.,  Proe.  Biol.   Soc.  Wash.,  xxxii,  p.  121,   1919. 
Erythroneura  trifasciata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  113,  1919. 

Form:  Rather  robust,  widest  at  the  middle.  Length,  about  3  mm. 
Head  narrower  than  pronotum;  vertex  strongly  produced,  nearly  twice 
as  long  at  middle  as  next  the  eye,  about  one-half  wider  than  long. 
Pronotum  long,  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  widest  at  lateral  angles, 
anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  margins  widening  posteriorly, 
posterior  margin  slightly  concave.  Elytra  rather  short  and  broad, 
nearly  truncate  apically. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  creamy-yellow,  elytra  milky- 
white.  Vertex  and  pronotum  often  unmarked,  former  sometimes  with 
a  pair  of  apical  dashes  and  a  pair  of  small  circles  on  disc,  red,  besides 
other  red  marks.  Pronotum  sometimes  with  reddish  marks  back  of 
the  eyes  and  a  red  median  line.  Scutellum  with  tip  always  black. 
Elytra  more  or  less  irrorate  with  red,  with  a  broad  brownish  to  reddish 
transverse  band  just  back  of  apex  of  scutellum,  a  faint  smoky  band, 
bounded  posteriorly  near  the  costa  by  a  red  line,  and  another  faint 
band  near  the  tip.  Face  pale,  unmarked,  or  with  a  few  reddish  lines. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  about  two-thirds  as 
wide  as  preceding  segment,  triangular,  about  three-fourths  as  long  as 
wide,  the  margins  ccncavely  tapering  on  the  posterior  two-thirds  to  the 
blunt  apex;  pygofers  rather  stout,  spiny  along  ovipositor,  exceeded  by  the 
latter.  Male,  valve  broad  but  short,  posterior  margin  truncate;  plates 
broad  basally,  suddenly  narrowed  just  before  the  middle,  then  tapering 
to  acute  upturned  tips  which  exceed  the  short  pygofers,  margins  with 
three  or  four  spines  at  point  where  plates  are  narrowed. 

Internal  male  genitalia :  Styles  with  long  anterior  process,  widening 
after  union  with  connective,  then  narrowing  again  before  their  widest 
portion  just  cephalad  of  the  preapical  lateral  incision  which  is  very  deep 
and  U-shaped,  the  outer  angle  before  the  incision  very  prominent,  the 
terminal  process  quite  narrow  basally  but  widening  apically  into  two 
lateral  teeth,  the  outer  being  longer  and  more  pointed  than  the  mesal 
one,  the  apex  distinctly  concave;  connective  stout,  U-shaped;  oedagus  with 


248  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

two  pairs  of  slender  and  acute  lateral  processes  and  a  large  curved  ter- 
minal process,  the  blunt  tip  of  which  is  serrate  on  the  dorsal  margin. 

Distribution:  Probably  occurs  throughout  the  eastern  part 
of  the  state.  Reported  from  Dauglas,  Pottawatomie  and  Riley 
counties. 

Hosts:  Very  common  on  grape  and  easily  gathered  from 
leaves  in  winter.  McAtee  also  gives  hickory  as  a  host. 

Genus  ERYTHRONEURA  Fh. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  very  similar  to  the  members 
of  the  genus  Typhlocyba,  but  differ  in  having  the  second  apical 
cell  of  the  elytra  completely  separating  the  first  and  third 
apical  cells.  The  hind  wings  lack  a  marginal  vein  and  there 
are  but  three  sectors  extending  to  the  margin. 

After  studying  the  internal  male  genitalia  of  the  material 
available  we  find  our  state  list  to  contain  thirteen  species  and 
five  varieties  of  this  genus.  In  this  paper  six  of  the  varieties 
have  been  given  specific  rank. 

KEY   TO    SPECIES. 

A.    General  color  above  yellowish  or  whitish. 
B.    Elytra  with  definite  transverse  bars. 

C.    Bands  across  pronotum  and  middle  and  apex  of  elytra. 

tricincta. 
CC.    Broad  brownish  band  across  base  of  elytra. 

basalaris. 
BB.    Elytra  without  definite  transverse  bands. 

C.    Species  marked  with  red  spots  above. 

D.    Vertex   and   pronotum   usually   marked   with   red 
spots. 

E.    Scutellum  entirely  red.  rubroscuta. 

EE.    Scutellum  not  entirely  red. 

F.    Vertex,  pronotum,  and   scutellunr  each 

with  a  red  spot.  illinoiensis. 

FF.    Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  each 

with  several  red  spots,      maculata. 

DD.    Vertex   and    pronotum   usually   marked    with    red 
lines. 

E.    Scutellum  black.  scutelleris. 

EE.    Scutellum  not  black. 

F.    Elytra  blood  red  to  near  the  cross  veins. 

crevecceuri. 
FF.    Elytra   with   zigzag   red    or   blood    red 

lines  or  spots.  comes. 

CC.    Species  marked  with  oblique  red  lines  above. 
D.    Species  yellowish,  oblique  lines  distinct. 

obliqua. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  249 

A.    General  color  above — concluded. 

DD.    Species  smoky  or,  if  yellowish,  with  oblique  lines 
fused. 

E.    Species   yellowish   with   broad   dorsal   stripe 
running  the  length  of  the  insect. 

dorsalis. 
EE.    Species  smoky,  without  dorsal  stripe. 

AA.    General  color  dark  above. 

B.    Reddish  brown  species.  vulnerata. 

BB.    Species  black  above,  marked  with  white.  nigra. 

Erythroneura  tricincta  Fh. 

(PI.  16,  figs.  15-16.) 

Erythroneura  tricincta  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  63,  1851. 
Typhlocyba  tricincta  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,   1889. 
Typhlocyba  tricincta  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  113,  1895. 
Typhlocyba  tricincta  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mns.,  xx,  p.  753,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  tricincta  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  544,   1905. 
Typhlocyba  tricincta  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.   17,  p.  104,  1916. 
Erythroneura  tricincla  Van  D.,   Cat.  Hemip.  X.  A.,  p.   712,   1917. 
Erythroneura  tricincta  Fent.,   Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  186,  1918. 
Erythroneura  trici-ncta  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  113,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  about  3  mm.  Vertex  strongly  produced,  nearly  twice 
as  long  on  middle  as  next  the  eye,  one-half  wider  than  long.  Pronotum 
about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  broadly  convex,  lateral 
margins  moderately  long,  slightly  widening  posteriorly,  humeral  margins 
rounding  into  slightly  concave  posterior  margin.  Elytra  moderately  long, 
widest  at  middle,  giving  insect  oval  outline. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  pale  yellow,  elytra  whiter. 
All  but  median  anterior  portion  of  pronotum,  and  usually  base  of  scu- 
tellum, with  a  red  to  black  transverse  band.  Elytra  with  a  broad  red 
band  near  middle,  becoming  black  costally,  and  with  a  brown  band  api- 
cally,  and  with  transverse  veins,  red,  and  sometimes  with  red  streaks 
running  backward  from  the  middle  band. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  posterior  mar- 
gin strongly  medially  produced;  pygofers  fairly  robust,  spiny  along 
mesal  margin,  exceeded  by  the  ovipositor.  Male,  last  ventral  segment 
concave  posteriorly;  valve  large,  longer  than  last  ventral  segment  and 
wide,  closely  appressed  to  plates;  plates  broad  basally,  then  suddenly 
narrowing  and  tapering  to  acute  upturned  and  black-tipped  apices,  mar- 
gins with  three  or  four  spines  on  basal  third;  pygofers  fairly  long,  but 
completely  hidden  by  plates. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  long,  anterior  portion  slender  and 
with  straight  margins,  lateral  margins  broadly  rounded  after  attachment 
to  connective,  the  style  then  narrowing  till  just  before  a  sharp  tooth  on 
the  inner  margin,  after  which  it  is  of  about  the  same  width  as  before  the 
tooth  to  the  broad  two-cornered  apex,  between  which  it  is  slightly  con- 
cave distally;  connective  rather  slender,  cup-shaped;  oedagus  with  a  club- 
shaped  dorsal  process  near  the  base  which  has  an  anterior  process  at 
about  its  middle,  the  main  portion  broad  basally,  then  rapidly  narrowed 


250  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

to  the  slender  curving  terminal  portion,  which  is  composed  of  two  acutely- 
pointed  terminal  straps. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas,  Potta- 
watomie,  Riley  and  Johnson  counties.  Probably  occurs 
throughout  the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  This  species  is  very  common  on  grape.  Often  it  is 
nearly  as  injurious  to  its  host  plant  as  comes.  It  is  also  very 
common  in  leaves  in  winter  and  is  attracted  in  numbers  to 

lights  in  summer. 

fcoWaH*  (5037.). 

Erythroneura  ftubroscntaitrt  Q  UJ0 . 

(PI.   17,  figs.  5-6.) 

Tettiffonia  basalaris  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  344,  1825;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  260. 

Erythroneura  affinis  Fh.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  63,  1851. 

Erythroneura  basalaris  Walsh,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ix,  p.  317,  1864. 

Typhlocyba  affinis  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,  1889. 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  basalaris  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  760,  lfc98. 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  basalari«  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  107,   1916. 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  basalaris  Van  D.,  Cat.   Hemip.   N.  A.,  p.  713,   1917. 

Form:   Like  comes  in  size  and  structure. 

Color:  Yellowish,  marked  with  blood  brown.  Vertex  brownish,  uni- 
colorous,  or  marked  with  white  median  line  and  two  white  spots  on  either 
side.  Pronotum  brownish,  the  anterior  portion  marked  with  white  spots. 
Scutellum  with  the  basal  angles  darker  than  the  tip.  Elytra  with  the 
basal  third  brownish  or  reddish,  posterior  half  with  faint  reddish  oblique 
bands  and  with  a  black  spot  in  the  first  apical  cell.  Face  brownish,  uni- 
colorous,  or  marked  with  white  median  line  or  spots. 

External  genitalia:  As  in  comes,  except  that  leaving  the  pygofers  at 
about  the  middle  of  their  dorsal  margin,  are  two  long  and  sinuate  processes 
whose  acute  tips  considerably  exceed  the  pygofers.  These  processes  arise 
from  the  thickened  and  chitinized  margin  of  the  pygofers,  these  margins 
being  thickest  and  giving  off  a  slender  branch  that  runs  caudad  into  the 
pygofers,  just  before  the  large  processes  leave  the  pygofers.  Th;  corre- 
sponding processes  in  comes  are  U-shaped,  and  therefore  these  two 
species  are  not  to  be  confused. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Here,  too,  we  see  distinct  differences  from 
comes.  The  styles,  while  of  the  same  general  form,  differ  strongly  api- 
cally,  the  upturned  portion  being  much  longer  here,  its  sides  running 
straight  to  the  short  anterior  or  upper  tooth,  and  to  the  much  longer 
lower  one.  The  connective  is  much  flatter  than  in  comes,  being  very 
broadly  V-shaped  and  lacking  the  distinct  stem  at  the  apex  as  in  comes. 
The  cedagus  shows  still  greater  differences.  It  curves  broadly  from  the 
connective  and  sends  up  a  short  dorsal  process  after  the  middle,  which 
curves  caudad  and  then  sends  out  an  anterior  and  a  pair  of  very  slender 
latero-caudal  processes.  Then  it  continues  on  backward,  terminating  in 
a  single,  heavy,  dorsally  roughened  and  obtusely  pointed  process. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  251 

Distribution:  While  undoubtedly  occurring  throughout  the 
eastern  portion  of  the  state,  yet  specimens  have  been  recorded 
only  from  Douglas  and  Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:  This  species  is  very  common  in  Douglas  county  on 
wild  gooseberry  in  the  spring.  In  winter  it  is  found  hiber- 
nating in  leaves. 

Erythroneura  rubroscuta  (Gill.) . 

Typhlocyba  rubroscuta  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  755,  1898. 
Erythroneura  rubroscuta  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  712,  19,17. 

Form:  Length,  3.25  mm.  .Vertex  about  twice  as  long  on  middle  as 
next  the  eye,  one-half  wider  than  long,  rather  acutely  pointed.  Pronotum 
about  one-half  longer  than  vertex,  scarcely  wider  than  head,  less  than 
twice  as  wide  as  long,  lateral  margins  longer  than  the  humeral  margins, 
posterior  margin  clearly  emarginate.  Elytra  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Vertex  pale  yellow,  tip  and  a  basal  spot  near  each  eye  usually 
reddish.  Pronotum  varying  from  yellow,  tinged  with  red,  to  bright  red 
with  a  large  yellow  median  spot  on  anterior  margin.  Scutellum  entirely 
red  or  with  a  median  rectangular  paler  portion.  Elytra  pale  yellow  with 
broad  red  band  just  before  tip  of  clavus  which  does  not  reach  the  costal 
margin,  and  with  base  of  costal  margin  and  cross  nervures  reddish.  Face 
yellow,  with  reddish  tinge. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  half  longer  than  pre- 
ceding, narrowed  posteriorly,  posterior  margin  with  a  large  median  lobe; 
pygofers  narrow,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  black-tipped  ovipositor,  with 
a  few  apical  spines.  Male,  valve  nearly  as  broad  and  fully  as  long  as 
last  ventral  segment,  posterior  margin  very  slightly  emarginate;  plates 
over  twice  as  long  as  the  valve,  lateral  margins  slightly  concave  medially, 
with  a  few  bristles  in  the  concavity,  apices  subacute,  exceeding  the  short 
pygofers. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  been  taken  only  in  Douglas 
and  Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:  The  writer  swept  one  specimen  from  Symphoricarpos 
orbiculatus.  Crevecoeur  took  many  specimens  hibernating  in 

leaves. 

Erythroneura  illinoiensis  (Gill.). 

(PI.   16,   figs.   13-14.) 

Typhlocyba  illinoiensis  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  758,   1898. 
Typhlocyba  illinoiensw  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  545,   1905. 
Typhlocyba  illinoiensis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  109,  1916. 
Erythroneura  illinoiensis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  714,  1917. 
Erythroneura  illinoiensis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  118,  1919. 

Form:  Long  and  slender,  tapering  at  both  ends.  Length,  3  mm.  Ver- 
tex nearly  twice  as  long  on  middle  as  next  the  eye,  about  one-half  wider 
than  long.  Pronotum  long,  scarcely  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior 
margin  broadly  convex,  lateral  margins  long  and  widening  posteriorly, 


252  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

humeral  margins  fused  with  slightly  concave  posterior  margin.  Elytra 
very  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Whitish  or  pale  yellow.  Vertex  pale  yellow  with  large  red 
spot  just  back  of  apex.  Pronotum  with  similar  spot  in  the  middle.  Tip 
of  scutellum  with  large  red  spot.  Elytra  whitish,  irregularly  marked 
with  pale  yellow  or  reddish  spots  and  each  with  three  large  black  spots, 
the  largest  one  just  later  ad  of  the  middle  of  the  clavus,  one  near  the 
middle  of  the  costal  margin,  and  one  at  the  base  of  the  inner  apical  cell. 
A  red  spot  also  on  the  mesopleurae.  Any  or  all  of  the  red  spots  may  be 
entirely  absent  or  present  only  as  yellowish  spots. 

External  genitalia:   About  as  in  comes. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  of  the  general  form  of  the  other  mem- 
bers of  the  genus  but  with  the  broad  apex  distinctly  convex  between  the 
two  terminal  teeth.  Connective  stout,  broadly  U-shaped;  oedagus  broad 
basally,  with  a  small  Y-shaped  dorsally  directed  process  at  about  its 
middle,  and  terminating  apically  in  a  large  obtusely  pointed  process  be- 
low which  are  two  slender  acutely  pointed  and  terminally  diverging  strap- 
like  processes. 

Distribution:  While  undoubtedly  occurring  over  a  large  por- 
tion of  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  the  only  specimens  at  hand 
are  from  Douglas  county. 

Hosts:  This  is  a  very  common  species  in  Douglas  county  on 
grape. 

Erythroneura  maculata  (Gill.). 

(PI.  17.  figs.  3-4.) 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  maculata  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  764,   1898. 
Typhlocyba  comes  var.  maculata  Tuck.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci/Bul.,  iv,  p.  68,  1907. 
Erythroneura  comes  var.  maculata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  714,  1917. 

Form:    In  size  and  structure  like  comes. 

Color:  Yellowish  with  bright  red  spots.  Vertex  with  apical  red  spot 
and  transverse  band  on  disc  which  is  curved  strongly  caudad  medially. 
Pronotum  with  two  broad  red  lateral  lines  and  a  broader,  often  Y-shaped 
median  stripe.  Scutellum  with  red  lines  on  margins  near  the  base  and 
a  large  apical  spot.  Elytra  with  three  spots  on  clavus,  the  first  two  often 
fused,  five  spots  on  corium  forming  a  zigzag  line,  and  the  transverse 
veins,  red.  Face  marked  with  red  above. 

External  genitalia,:  As  in  comes.  The  chitinous  process  on  the  dorsal 
margin  of  the  pygofers  is,  however,  entirely  different.  It  is  not  U-shaped 
as  in  comes,  but  consists  of  a  long  process  which  for  most  of  its  length 
is  not  in  the  pygofer,  and  which  ends  in  two  widely  separated  prominent 
teeth.  This  difference  alone  is  enough  to  justify  its  separation  from 
comes. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  for  the  most  part  as  in  comes,  but  the 
terminal  or  upturned  portion  is  much  larger,  the  preapical  tooth  on  the 
mesal  margin  being  much  further  back.  The  terminal  tooth  is  always 


LAWSON:     KANSAS  CICADELLID^E.  253 

long,  sometimes  very  long,  thus  also  differing  from  comes.  The  connec- 
tive is  V-shaped.  The  oedagus  is  entirely  different  to  that  of  comes.  It 
sends  up  a  small  dorsal  process  which  has  a  small  anteriorly  directed  por- 
tion, while  the  terminal  part  is  a  large  obtusely  pointed  and  roughened 
process,  instead  of  being  composed  of  two  slender,  curving,  and  acutely 
pointed  processes  as  in  comes.  Viewed  dorsally,  the  oadagus  consists  of 
a  heavy  portion  terminating  in  three  small  lobes,  the  median  one  larger 
than  the  outer,  and  a  terminal,  more  slender  portion. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  seem  to  have  been 
taken  only  in  Douglas  and  Riley  counties.  It  is  undoubtedly 
distributed  over  much  of  the  eastern  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  The  specific  host  is  unknown,  all  of  our  specimens 
being  taken  when  hibernating  in  leaves. 

Erythroneura  scutetteris   (Gill.). 

(PI.   17,   fig.  7.) 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  scutelleris  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  764,   1898. 
Typhlocyba  comes  var.  scutelleris  Tuck.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  68,  1907. 
Typhlocyba  comes  var.  scutelleris  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17, 'p.  108,  1916. 
Erythroneura  comes  var.  scutelleris  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  714,   1917. 

Form:  Size  and  structure  of  comes. 

Color:  Most  of  our  specimens  are  yellowish  except  that  the  pos- 
terior portion  or  most  of  the  pronotum  and  all  of  the  scutellum  are 
dark  brown.  Occasionally  the  head  too  is  washed  with  brown.  The 
elytra  are  sometimes  unmarked,  and  at  times  faintly  marked  with  red 
as  in  comes.  The  black  spots  near  the  middle  of  the  costal  margin  and 
just  beyond  the  clavus  are  quite  distinct  and  constant. 

External  genitalia:  As  in  comes  except  for  the  chitinous  process 
of  the  dorsal  margin  of  the  pygofers  of  the  male.  In  this  species  the 
process  is  as  in  maculata  but  instead  of  ending  in  two  rather  short  and 
widely  separated  teeth,  it  terminates  in  two  long  teeth  which  are  close 
together,  the  dorsal  one  being  slightly  but  distinctly  longer  than  the 
ventral. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Practically  as  in  maculata  except  that  the 
small  dorsal  process  of  the  oedagus  has  two  small  but  distinct  lateral 
processes. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas  county. 
It  surely  occurs  in  many  more  counties  of  the  eastern  part  of 
the  state. 

Hosts:  Its  definite  host  is  unknown.  DeLong  reports  beat- 
ing it  from  grape  and  honey  locust.  It  is  also  very  common 
at  lights. 


254  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Erythroneura  crevecceuri  (Gill.). 

Typhlocyba  crevecoeuri  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  8.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  767,  1898. 
I-'.riithroneura  crevecceuri  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  716,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  3  to  3.5  mm.  Vertex  nearly  twice  as  long  on  the 
middle  as  next  the  eye,  one-half  wider  than  long,  obtusely  angled  apically. 
Pronotum  one-half  longer  than  the  vertex,  widest  at  the  lateral  angles, 
lateral  margins  long,  humeral  margins  shorter,  posterior  margin  slightly 
emarginate.  Elytra  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Vertex  and  pronotum  yellow,  with  two  broad  longitudinal  red 
lines  which  sometimes  widen  enough  to  cover  the  vertex.  Scutellum 
entirely  red  or  blackish.  Elytra  red  up  to  tip  of  clavus,  yellow  beyond 
except  for  reddish  veins,  the  base  of  costal  margin  more  or  less  yellow. 
Middle  portion  of  reddish  area  usually  smoky  in  color.  Face  and  be- 
neath yellow,  marked  with  reddish. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  narrowing 
posteriorly,  posterior  margin  with  a  prominent  median  lobe;  pygofers 
robust,  slightly  exceeded  by  the  black-tipped  ovipositor,  very  sparsely 
spined.  Male,  valve  broad,  as  long  or  longer  than  last  ventral  seg- 
ment, posterior  margin  truncate  or  slightly  emarginate;  plates  about 
twice  as  long  as  valve,  lateral  margins  concave  near  middle  and  spined 
in  the  concavity,  subacute  apices  exceeding  the  pygofers. 

Distribution:  Our  specimens  were  taken  in  Douglas  and 
Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:  The  writer  has  taken  specimens  of  this  species  from 
grape.  It  is  also  found  hibernating  in  leaves. 

Erythroneura  comes  (Say.). 

(PI.  17,  figs.   1-2.) 

Tettigonia  comes  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  343,  1825;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  259. 

Typhlocyba  comes  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,  1889. 
Typhlocyba  comes  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  Ill,  1895. 
Typhlocyba  comes  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  759,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  comes  Sling.,  Corn.  Univ.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  215,  1904. 
Typhlocyba  comes  Smith,  Rept.  N.  J.  Agr.  Col.  Exp.  Sta.,  p.  651,  1904. 


Typhlocyba  comes  Quaint.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Farme 
Typhlocyba  comes  Quayle,  Calif.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bu 
Typhlocyba  comes  Quayle,  Jl.  EC.  Ent.,  i,  p.  182,  1 
Typhlocyba  comes  Quayle,  Calif.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bu 


Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  co 
Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  com 
Typhlocyba  com 


Hartz.,  N.  Y.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bu 
Johns.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  En 


s  Bui.  284,  p.   19,   1907. 
192,  p.   Ill,   1907. 


.   198,   1908. 

.  331,  p.   568,   1910. 

.,  Bui.  97,  pt.  i,  1911. 


Hartz.,  N.  Y.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  344,  1912. 

Sand.,  Ins.  Pests  of  Farm,  Garden  and  Orchard,  p.  520,  1912. 

O'Kane,  Inj.  Ins.,  p.  311,  1912. 

Johns.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,   Bui.   116,  pt.  i,   1912. 

Johns.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Bur.  Ent.,  Bui.  19,  1914. 

Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  156,  1915. 

Ess.,  Inj.  Benef.  Ins.  Calif.,  edn.  2,  p.  64,  1915. 

DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  106,  1916. 


Erythroneura  comes  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  712,  1917. 
Erythroneura  comes  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  xviii,  p.  186,  1918. 
Erythroneura  comes  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  114,  1919. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID>E.  255 

Form:  Length,  2.75  to  3  mm.  Vertex  over  one-half  longer  at  middle 
than  next  the  eye,  nearly  one-half  longer  than  wide.  Pronotum  twice 
as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  margins  long 
and  gradually  widening  posteriorly,  humeral  margins  indistinct,  fusing 
with  slightly  concave  posterior  margin.  Elytra  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Pale  yellow.  Vertex  with  two  longitudinal  red  lines,  often 
meeting  apically,  thus  forming  an  inverted  V.  Pronotum  with  two 
lateral  lines  and  a  median  Y-shaped  line,  red.  Basal  angles  of  scutellum 
red.  Elytra  marked  with  red,  clavus  with  red  band  along  claval  suture, 
widened  at  base  and  extending  to  the  elytral  suture  at  about  the  middle 
of  the  clavus,  also  a  red  spot  at  tip  of  clavus;  corium  with  a  long  red 
line,  narrow  basally,  then  suddenly  widening  and  reaching  to  claval 
suture  and  again  reaching  toward  apical  claval  spot,  finally  ending  in  the 
red  transverse  nervures,  laterally  reaching  to  costal  black  spot  at  about 
the  middle  of  costal  margin,  with  a  black  spot  on  inner  margin  just 
beyond  tip  of  clavus  and  another,  often  lacking,  in  second  apical  cell, 
the  apical  portion  of  the  elytra  often  smoky.  The  above  markings  all 
vary  greatly  in  intensity,  being  light  in  the  summer  and  becoming 
brighter  and  darker  in  the  fall  and  winter. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  large,  triangular, 
posterior  margin  strongly  produced  medially,  slightly  concave  on  either 
side  of  the  obtuse  apex;  pygofers  moderately  robust,  with  a  row  of 
spines  on  either  side  of  the  usually  black-tipped  ovipositor  which  slightly 
exceeds  the  pygofers.  Male,  valve  large,  broad,  posterior  margin  trun- 
cate or  slightly  concave;  plates  wide  basally,  suddenly  narrowed  and 
spiny  at  basal  third,  then  gradually  narrowed  to  upturned  and  usually, 
black  tips  which  slightly  exceed  the  pygofers.  The  latter  bear  a  U- 
shaped  chitinous  process  on  the  dorsal  margin  near  the  apex,  of  which 
the  lower  tooth  is  the  larger. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  long,  with  long  anterior  portion  nearly 
parallel-margined,  a  lateral  constriction  opposite  swollen  place  of  attach- 
ment to  connective,  then  widening  laterally  to  widest  point,  again  nar- 
rowing and  then  slightly  widened  just  before  lateral  preapical  incision, 
tips  turned  outward,  ending  in  two  acute  points,  the  outer  the  larger, 
between  which  the  end  is  slightly  concave,  and  with  a  large  tooth  on  the 
mesal  margin  a  short  distance  back  of  the  apex;  connective  V-shaped, 
stout,  the  apex  with  a  distinct  dorsally  directed  portion;  cedagus  sending 
up  an  anterior  process  a  short  distance  from  the  base,  which  expands 
dorsally  and  shows,  when  viewed  dorsally,  an  anterior  tooth  and  two 
pairs  of  lateral  processes,  the  anterior  ones  more  slender  and  more  acute 
than  the  shorter  but  much  stouter  posterior  pair,  the  apex  quite  obtuse. 
Then  the  main  or  posterior  part  curves  dorsad  and  divides  into  two  slen- 
der and  acute  processes,  the  tips  of  which  are  seen  one  on  either  side  of 
the  bifid  apex  of  the  anterior  process. 


256 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:  Occurs  throughout  the  state  where  wild  or  cul- 
tivated grapes  are  found.  The  following  map  shows  where 
specimens  have  been  taken : 


Hosts:  The  nymphs  seem  to  be  confined  to  the  grape.  On 
this  host  it  is  of  great  economic  importance,  as  shown  by  the 
bulletins  listed  in  the  above  bibliography.  The  adults,  how- 
ever, are  known  to  feed  on  almost  any  host  that  happens  to  be 
convenient.  It  is  frequently  found  on  various  trees,  grasses, 
and  shrubs,  though  the  grape  is  the  favorite  plant. 

Erythroneura  comes  var.  ziczac  Walsh. 

Erythroneura  ziczac  Walsh,  Proc.  Bost.  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ix,  p.  317,  1864. 
Typhlocyba  ziczac  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  214,  1889. 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  ziczac.  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  761,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  comes  var.  ziczac  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  156,  1915. 
Typhlocyba  comes  var.  ziczac  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  107,  1916. 
Erythroneura  cornea  var.  ziczac  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  713,  1917. 
Erythroneura  comes  var.  ziczac  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  116,  1919. 

Form:   Like  comes  in  size  and  structure. 

Color:  Pale  yellow,  marked  with  red  and  reddish-brown.  Vertex  with 
two  reddish  longitudinal  lines.  Pronotum  with  lateral  margins  and  a  Y 
on  disc  reddish  or  blood-brown.  Scutellum  with  basal  angles  and  tip 
blood-brown.  Elytra  with  a  zigzag  blood-brown  line  on  basal  half  of 
clavus,  then  to  black  spot  at  about  middle  of  costal  margin,  from  there 
to  dark  spot  just  beyond  apex  of  clavus,  and  then  as  a  smoky  band  nearly 
reaching  black  spot  near  tip  of  wing,  the  edges  of  this  line  and  the  spots 
on  tip  of  clavus  sometimes  red,  as  in  comes. 

External  genitalia:  As  in  comes. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  There  seem  to  be  slight  differences  between 
the  oedagus  of  this  and  typical  comes,  but  seemingly  not  enough  to  make  it 
a  distinct  species. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS  CICADELLID^).  257 

Distribution:  Should  occur  throughout  the  eastern  portion 
of  the  state  wherever  its  host  occurs.  Specimens  are  at  hand 
from  Douglas  county. 

Hosts:  Our  specimens  were  all  taken  from  Ampelopsis  quin- 
quefolia.  Gillette  records  it  as  sometimes  occurring  on  grape. 

Erythroneura  comes  var.  vitis  (Harr.). 

lettigonia  vitis  Harr.,  Encyc.  Am.,  viii,  p.  43,  1831. 

Erythroneura  vitis  Ph.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  63,  1851. 

Erythroneura  vitis  Saund.,  Ins.  Inj.  to  Fruits,  p.  286,  fig.  297,  1883. 

Typhlocyba  vitis  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,   1889. 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  vitis  GUI.,  Proe.  U.  S.  Nat.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  761,  1898. 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  vitis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  107,  1916. 

Erythroneura  comes  var.  vitis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  713,  1917. 

Form:    Like  typical  comes  in  size  and  structure. 

Color:  Head  yellow,  vertex  sometimes  marked  with  reddish  lines  or 
the  base  reddish.  Pronotum  with  anterior  portion  yellowish,  remainder 
reddish  or  blood-brown,  the  lateral  margins  often  brighter.  Base  of 
elytra  reddish,  followed  by  a  yellow  transverse  bar,  back  of  which  is  a 
large  red  spot  which  reaches  the  black  spots  on  the  costal  margin,  the 
interior  of  this  spot  often  being  brownish-red.  Back  of  this  spot  is  an- 
other yellow  transverse  band  which  reaches  just  beyond  the  red  transverse 
veins.  The  apex  of  the  elytra  is  smoky  with  a  black  spot  in  the  second 
apical  cell. 

External  genitalia:    As  in  typical  comes. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Very  much  as  in  typical  comes.  The  oadagus, 
however,  seems  to  show  some  differences,  which,  should  further  study  re- 
veal as  constant,  would  justify  us  in  advancing  this  variety  to  specific 
rank. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  variety  have  been  taken  in 
Douglas,  Pottawatomie  and  Riley  counties.  It  of  course  has  a 
larger  distribution  in  the  state  than  this  indicates. 

Hosts :  Our  specimens  were  taken  on  grape. 

Erythroneura  comes  var.  infuscata  (Gill.). 

Typhlocyba  comes  var.  infuscata  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  764,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  comes  var.  infuscata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  108,  1916. 
Erythroneura  comes  var.  infuscata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  714,  1917. 
Erythroneura  comes  var.  infuscata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  116,  1919. 

Form:   In  size  and  structure  like  typical  comes 

Color:  Yellowish.  With  a  dark  blood-brown  band  starting  at  apex  of 
vertex,  gradually  widening  on  head  and  pronotum,  and  forming  zigzag 
bands  on  the  elytra.  Most  of  costal  margin  of  elytra  yellow,  and  on  each 
elytron  are  three  yellow  spots  around  the  reddish  tip  of  the  clavus. 

External  genitalia:   As  in  typical  comes. 

Internal  male  genitalia:   The  terminal  tooth  of  the  styles  seems  to  be 

17 — Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


258  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

distinctly  longer  than  in  typical  comes.  Should  this  prove  to  be  constant, 
this  variety  ought  to  be  recognized  as  a  distinct  species.  At  present, 
however,  we  do  not  have  enough  material  at  hand  to  enable  us  to  deter- 
mine this  point. 

Distribution:    There  are  specimens  in  the  Snow  collection 
from  Douglas  county  and  from  Kansas  City,  Mo. 
Hosts:   Unknown. 

Erythroneura  comes  var.  coloradensis  (Gill.). 

Typhlocyba  vitiff.r  var.  coloradensis  Gill.,  Colo.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  19,  p.   16,   1892. 
Typhlocyba  vitijex  var.  coloradensis  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  113,  1895. 
Typhlocyba  coloradensis  Cock.,  N.  M.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  19,  p.  114,  1896. 
Typhlocy'ba  comes  var.  coloradensis  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Nail.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  763,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  comes  var.  coloradensis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  108,  1916. 
Erythroneura  comes  var.  coloradensis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  714,   1917. 

Form:   In  size  and  structure  like  typical  comes. 

Color:  Yellowish.  Vertex  with  large  red  spot  or  unmarked.  Prono- 
tum  with  red  lines  on  lateral  margins  and  a  V-shaped  mark  on  middle  or 
unmarked.  Scutellum  with  two  large  black  basal  spots,  the  anterior  por- 
tion showing  through  the  pronotum.  Elytra  marked  much  as  in  typical 
comes,  though  the  markings  on  the  corium  are  usually  less  distinct.  The 
three  black  spots  of  the  elytra  are  usually  very  distinct.  Tip  of  oviposi- 
tor black. 

External  genitalia:   As  in  typical  comes 

Internal  male  genitalia:  These  show  some  fairly  distinct  differences 
from  those  of  typical  comes  yet  in  many  respects  they  are  so  alike  that  it 
does  not  now  seem  wise  to  give  this  variety  specific  rank.  The  styles 
seem  to  be  more  slender,  especially  the  part  just  before  the  broadly  ex- 
panded apex.  The  oedagus  seems  to  lack  the  terminal  process  of  the 
dorsal  expansion  of  the  anterior  process. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas  and 
Sedgwick  counties.  It  undoubtedly  occurs  throughout  the 
eastern  part  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  Our  specimens  were  taken  on  grape. 

Erythroneura  obliqua  (Say). 

(PI.   17,  figs.   10-11.) 

Tettigonia  obliqua  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  342,  1825;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  259. 

Erythroneura  obliqua  Ph.,  Homop.  N.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  63,  1851. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,  1889. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.  112,  1895. 
T.i/phlocyba  obliqua  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  756,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  N.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  545,  1905. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  155,  1915. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  105,   1916. 
Enjlhroitfura  obliqua  Van  D.,   Cat.  Hemip.   N.  A.,  p.  714,   1917. 
Krytl,r<,,«'i,ra  obliqua  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.   Sci.,  xvjii,  p.   186,   1918. 
Erythroneura  obliqua  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  117,  1919. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID^.  259 

Form :  Length,  3  mm.  Vertex  one-half  longer  on  middle  than  next  the 
eye,  one-half  wider  than  long.  Pronotum  twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior 
margin  strongly  convex,  lateral  margins  moderately  long  and  widening 
posteriorly.  Elytra  long  and  narrow. 

Color:  Vertex,  pronotum,  and  scutellum  pale  yellowish,  elytra  whitish. 
Vertex  with  two  broad  red  lines  which  meet  at  the  apex  and  then  extend 
back  across  the  pronotum.  Scutellum  red  except  for  yellow  median  line 
on  basal  half.  Elytra  with  oblique  reddish  or  orange  lines  on  clavus  and 
on  disc,  and  with  the  basal  portion  of  costal  margin  red.  Face  marked 
irregularly  with  reddish  which  sometimes  covers  the  front  and  the  clypeus. 

External  genitalia:  Female,  last  ventral  segment  long,  produced 
posteriorly  into  a  large  obtuse  median  lobe,  on  either  side  of  which  the 
margins  are  distinctly  concave;  pygofers  robust,  slightly  exceeded  by  the 
black-tipped  ovipositor.  Male,  valve  large,  quadrate,  posterior  margin 
slightly  concave;  plates  broad  basally,  margins  suddenly  harrowed  near 
base  and  spiny  at  this  point,  apices  upturned  and  acute. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  large,  widest  at  point  of  attachment 
to  connective  and  just  before  upturned  apex,  between  which  it  is  slightly 
narrowed,  the  terminal  claw  very  characteristic,  being  large,  curving,  and 
pointed  mesad;  connective  V-shaped,  its  arms  about  of  equal  thickness 
throughout;  cedagus,  when  viewed  laterally,  with  long  anterior  arm  to 
connective,  a  pair  of  delicate  ventral  processes,  a  stout  but  tapering  me- 
dian process  and  a  large  dorsal  process  of  which  the  anterior  two-thirds 
projects  cephalad. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Cherokee,  Doug- 
las, and  Pottawatomie  counties.  It  probably  occurs  through- 
out the  eastern  portion  of  the  state. 

Hosts:  Found  very  commonly  on  grape  and  hibernating  in 
leaves. 

Erythroneura  obliqua  var.  ncevus  (Gill.)* 

Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  naevus  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Xatl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  757,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  na-vus  Tuck.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  68,  1907. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  wo>r««  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  105,  1916. 
Erythroneura  obliqua  var.  nacvus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  X.  A.,  p.  715,  1917. 

Form :    In  size  and  structure  like  typical  obliqua. 

Color:  Just  like  typical  obliqua  except  that  the  scutellum  has  the 
basal  angles  black  or  is  entirely  black,  and  the  pronotum  often  has  the 
posterior  margin  darkened. 

External  genitalia:    As  in  typical  obliqua. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Agree  in  every  particular  with  typical 
obliqua. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas  and 
Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:    Usually  taken  on  grapevines. 


260  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Erythroneura  dorsalis  (Gill.). 

(PI.   17,   fig.   14.) 

Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  dorsalis  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  757,  1898. 
Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  dorsalis  Van  D.,  Trans.  San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii.  p.  57, 
1914. 

Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  dorsalis  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  105,  1916. 
Erythroneura  obliqua  var.  dorsalis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  715,  1917. 
Erythroneura  obliqua  var.  dorsalis  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  118,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  3  mm.  Like  obliqua  except  that  vertex  seems  to  be  pro- 
portionally longer. 

Color:  Yellowish  or  whitish,  with  a  broad  dark  red  stripe  running 
the  length  of  the  insect  to  the  smoky  apical  cells  of  the  elytra.  In  addi- 
tion the  costal  margin  of  the  wing,  especially  basally,  is  reddish,  and 
there  are  one  or  two  dark  spots  before  the  transverse  veins,  just  outside 
of  the  red  discal  stripe.  The  face  is  red  except  for  two  broad  white 
stripes  just  below  the  margin  of  the  vertex  and  whitish  spots  on  the 
lorae. 

External  genitalia :    As  in  obliqua. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  as  in  obliqua  except  apically  where 
they  are  entirely  different,  for  instead  of  having  one  long  curving  apical 
tooth,  there  are  two  much  shorter  and  practically  straight  ones;  connec- 
tive V-shaped  and  as  in  obliqua;  oedagus  very  different  from  that  of  the 
latter  for  the  dorsal  process  is  very  much  smaller,  the  main  terminal 
process  is  more  slender,  and  has  two  apical  and  curving  lateral  processes, 
and  in  addition  the  base  of  the  oedagus  bears  a  pair  of  very  large  and 
conspicuous  horn-like  processes  which  extend  -laterad.  The  pair  of  small 
ventral  processes  are  present  as  in  obliqua. 

Distribution:  The  only  specimens  at  hand  are  from  Douglas 
county. 

Hosts:  Grape  seems  to  be  the  common  host  of  this  species. 

The  very  clear  differences  in  the  tips  of  the  styles  and  in  the 
whole  structure  of  the  oedagus,  show  clearly  that  this  cannot 
possibly  be  a  variety  of  obliqua.  Its  genitalia  are  very  char- 
acteristic and  seem  to  be  very  constant,  the  specimens  dissected 
agreeing  in  every  particular,  as  did  those  of  typical  obliqua 
among  themselves. 

Erythroneura fumida  (Gill.). 

(PI.   17,  figs.  8-9.) 

Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  fumida  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.  758,  1898. 
Erythroneura  obliqua  var.  fumida  Van  D.,  Trans.  San  Diego  Soc.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  57, 
1914. 

Typhlocyba  obliqua  var.  fumida  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  105,  1916. 
Erythroneura  obliqua  var.  fumida  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  715,   1917. 

Form:  Length,  3  mm.  Like  obliqua,  except  that  vertex  seems  rela- 
tively shorter. 

Color:    Yellowish,  but  smoky  throughout.     Vertex  and  pronotum  un- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADELLID.-E.  261 

marked  or  with  the  red  bands  as  in  obliqua.  Elytra  marked  as  in 
obhqua,  though  faintly,  or  the  reddish  coloration  evenly  diffused  over  the 
anterior  two-thirds. 

External  genitalia:  As  in  typical  obliqua. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Very  different  from  that  of  typical  obliqua. 
Syles  very  broad  just  before  the  very  characteristic  slender  terminal 
tooth;  connective  V-shaped;  oedagus  with  an  anterior  dorsal  process 
which  expands  horizontally  and  a  very  large  and  stout  terminal  process 
which  terminates  in  two  small  lateral  teeth. 

Distribution:  Specimens  are  at  hand  from  Douglas  and 
Pottawatomie  counties. 

Hosts:  The  writer  has  taken  this  species  by  the  hundreds 
from  wild  gooseberry  in  the  spring.  It  is  also  reported  from 
grape. 

The  very  characteristic  styles,  and  especially  the  cedagus, 
show  such  great  differences  from  the  corresponding  organs  in 
typical  obliqua,  that  it  is  certain  that  the  two  forms  cannot  be- 
long to  the  same  species.  Accordingly  this  variety  is  here 
given  specific  rank. 

Erythroneura  vulnerata  Fh. 

(PI.  17,  figs.  12-13.) 

Erythroneura  vulnerata  Fh.,  Homop.  X.  Y.  St.  Cab.,  p.  62,  1851. 
Typhlocyba  vulnerata  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  213,  1889. 
Typhlocyba  vulnerata  G.  &  B.,  Hemip.  Colo.,  p.   113,  1895. 
Typhlocyba  vulnerata  Gill.,  Proc.  U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx.  p.  764.  1898. 
Typhlocyba  vulnerata  Osb.,  20th  Kept.  X.  Y.  St.  Ent.,  p.  545,  1905. 
Typhlocyba  vulnerata  Osb.,  Me.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  238,  p.  156,  1915. 
Tiiphlocyba  vulnerata  DeL.,  Tenn.  St.  Bd.  Ent.,  Bui.  17,  p.  110,  1916. 
Erythroneura  vulnerata  Van  D..  Cat.  Hemip.  X.  A.,  p.  715,  1917. 
Erythroneura  vulnerata  Fent.,  Ohio  Jl.  Sci.,  p.  186,  1918. 
Erythroneura  vulnerata  Lathr.,  S.  C.  Agr.  Exp.  Sta.,  Bui.  199,  p.  114,  1919. 

Form:  Length,  2.5  to  3  mm.  Vertex  nearly  twice  as  long  on  middle  as 
next  the  eye,  over  one-half  wider  than  long.  Pronotum  long,  scarcely 
twice  as  wide  as  long,  anterior  margin  strongly  convex,  posterior  margin 
slightly  concave.  Elytra  moderately  long. 

Color:  Whitish,  marked  with  reddish  or  brownish.  Vertex,  pronotum, 
and  scutellum  dull  reddish,  but  with  distinct  white  median  line  and  lateral 
white  lines  or  spots  on  the  vertex  and  pronotum.  Elytra  whitish, 
strongly  marked  with  red  on  clavus  and  corium,  the  costal  margin  in  the 
main  white,  the  apex  strongly  smoky. 

External  genitalia:  Practically  like  obliqua,  though  the  plates  of  the 
male  seem  usually  to  be  more  produced  and  acute  apically. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  of  about  the  form  characteristic  of  the 
tribe,  the  terminal  upturned  portion  long,  posterior  terminal  tooth  long, 
anterior  one  very  short;  connective  V-shaped;  oedagus  widening  pos- 
teriorly into  a  very  broad,  three-pointed  organ,  the  lateral  points  longer 


262 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


than  the  middle  one,  also  with  a  small  dorsal  process  extending  backward 
from  before  the  apex. 

Distribution:    Found  in  the  eastern  part  of  the  state,  as 
shown  by  the  following  map : 


Hosts:  Gillette  gives  Virginia  creeper,  grape  and  Clematis 
as  hosts  for  this  species. 

Erythroneura  nigra  (Gill.). 

(PI.   17,  fig.   15.) 

Typhlocyba  vitlnerata  var.  niger  Gill.,  Proc.   U.  S.  Natl.  Mus.,  xx,  p.   765,   1898. 
Erythroneura  vultitrata  var.  nigra  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  716,  1917. 

Form:  Length,  2.5  to  2.75  mm.  Vertex  over  one-half  longer  on  middle 
than  next  the  eye,  one-half  wider  than  long.'  Pronotum  long,  less  than 
twice  as  wide  as  long.  Elytra  moderately  long. 

Color:  Black  or  dark  brown  above,  marked  with  white.  Vertex  with 
median  line  and  a  pair  of  short  lateral  lines,  white.  Pronotum  with  short 
white  median  line  on  anterior  part,  usually  a  pair  of  lateral  spots,  and 
sometimes  several  white  spots  along  anterior  margin.  Elytra  with  large 
white  spot  just  back  of  the  scutellum,  tip  of  clavus  and  transverse  veins 
usually  light  and  broad,  the  white  costal  band  on  posterior  two-thirds 
interrupted  near  the  middle  and  apically.  Face  pale  yellow. 

External  .genitalia :  As  in  vulnerata. 

Internal  male  genitalia:  Styles  with  long  apical  portion,  posterior 
tooth  longer  than  anterior;  connective  V-shaped;  oedagus  dividing  api- 
cally into  an  anterior  and  a  posterior  process,  the  latter  ending  in  an 
obtuse  apex  with  a  dorsal  and  two  ventral  small  processes. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  been  taken  in 
Cherokee,  Douglas,  Pottawatomie,  and  Hodgeman  counties. 

Hosts:  Unknown,  probably  grape. 

The  great  differences  between  the  oedagus  of  this  species 
and  vulnerata  preclude  the  possibility  of  their  belonging  to  the 
same  species. 


Explanation  of  Plates. 

(263) 


PLATE  II. 
Agalliopsis  novella — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Caudal  view. 

3.  Anal  tube  collar. 

4.  Style. 
Agallia  4-puncta,ta — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsat  view  of  connective  and  styles. 
Agallia  constricta — 

7.  Lateral  view. 

8.  Ventral  view  of  connective  and  cedagus. 

9.  Ventral  view  of  style. 

10.  Anal  tube  collar. 
Aceratagallia  cinerea — 

11.  Lateral  view. 

12.  Ventral  view  of  style. 

13.  Ventral  view  of  connective  and  oedagus. 

(264) 


PLATE  II. 


PLATE  III. 

Aceratagallia  uhleri — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 

3.  Dorsal  view  of  styles,  connective  and  cedagus. 

4.  Anal  tube  collar. 
Aceratagallia  sanguinolenta — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 

7.  Ventral  view  of  a  style. 

8.  Anal  tube  collar. 
Idiocerus  snowi — 

9.  Lateral  view. 

10.  Anal  tube  collar. 

11.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(266) 


PLATE  III. 


(267) 


PLATE  IV. 
Idiocerus  pallidus — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

3.  Anal  tube  collar. 
Idiocerus  verticis — 

4.  Lateral  view. 

5.  Ventral  view  of  style  and  connective. 

6.  Anal  tube  collar. 
Idiocerus  nervatus — 

7.  Lateral  view. 

8.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

9.  Anal  tube  collar. 

(268) 


PLATE  IV. 


(269) 


PLATE  V. 
Bythoscopus  apicalis — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Ventral  view  of  plates  and  part  of  connective. 

3.  Ventral  view  of  oedagus. 

4.  Remainder  of  connective. 
Oncopsis  distinctus — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Macropsis  virdis — 

7.  Lateral  view. 

8.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oadagus. 

9.  Anal  tube  collar. 

(270) 


PLATE  V. 


(271) 


PLATE  VI. 
Aulacizes  irrorata — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Styles  and  connective. 

3.  Caudal  view  of  oadagus. 
Homalodisca  triquetra — 

4.  Lateral  view. 

5.  Caudal  view  of  cedagus. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  styles  and  connective. 

(272) 


PLATE  VI. 


(273) 


18 — Sci.  Bui. — 3018 


PLATE  VII. 
Oncometopia  undata — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  styles  and  connective. 

3.  Plate,  showing  chitinized  style  attachment. 
Kolla  bifida — 

4.  Lateral  view. 

5.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 

Kolla  hartii — 

6.  Lateral  view. 

7.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(274) 


PLATE  VIII. 

Oncometopia  lateralis — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Styles  and  connective. 
Graphocephala  coccinea — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 

Kolla  geometrica — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(276) 


PLATE  VIII. 


(277) 


PLATE  IX. 
Cicadella  hieroglyphica — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Styles  and  connective. 

3.  Ventral  view  of  oedagrus. 
Cicadella  atrojmnctata — 

4.  Lateral  view. 

5.  Ventral  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Drseculacephala  mollipes — 

6.  Lateral  view. 

7.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Drxculacephala  reticulata — 

8.  Lateral  view. 

9.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(278) 


PLATE  IX. 


(279) 


PLATE  X. 
Gypona  8-lineata — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oadagus. 
Helochara  communis — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Xerophlcea  viridis — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Ventral  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(280) 


PLATE  X. 


(281) 


PLATE  XI. 
Scaphoidcus  immistus — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  adagus. 
Platymetopins  cinereus — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Style  and  connective. 
Platymetophis  acutus — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Style  and  connective,  latter  without  one  terminal  process. 

7.  Ventral  view  of  oedagus. 
Platymetopius  frontalis — 

8.  Lateral  view. 

9.  Styles  and  connective. 

(282) 


PLATE  XI. 


(283) 


PLATE  XII. 

Deltocephalus  inimicus — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Deltocephalus  flavicosta — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Deltocephalus  a/finis — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Deltocephalus  sayi — 

7.  Lateral  view. 

8.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Eimceiis  exitiosus — 

9.  Lateral  view. 

10.    Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 

(284) 


PLATE  XII. 


10 


(285) 


PLATE  XIII. 

Euscelis  bicolor — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oadagus. 
Eutettix  strobi — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Eutettix  seminudus — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Eutettix  cinctiis — 

7.  Lateral  view. 

8.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oadagus. 

(286) 


PLATE  XIII. 


(287) 


PLATE  XIV. 

Phlepsius  irroratus — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Acinopterus  acuminatus — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Dorsal  view  of  plate,  style  and  connective. 
Thamnotettix  clitellarius — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oadagus. 
Thamnotettix  longulus — 

7.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Chlorotettix  spatulatus — 

8.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(288) 


PLATE  XIV. 


(289) 


1!)— Sri.  Hul.— 3058 


PLATE  XV. 
Jassus  olitorius — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  plates,  styles,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Cicadula  -punctifrons  var.  repleta — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Dorsal  view  of  plate,  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Cicadula  6-notata — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(290) 


PLATE  XV. 


(291) 


PLATE  XVI. 

Balclutha  punctata — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Balchitha  impicta — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Eugnathodus  abdorninalis — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Empoasca  mali — 

7.  Lateral  view. 

8.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Typhlocyba  rosse — 

9.  Lateral  view. 

10.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Hymetta  trifasciata,^-  « 

11.  Lateral  view. 

12.  Dorsal  view  of  styles,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Eryth  roneura  illinoiensis — 

13.  Lateral  view. 

14.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Erythroneura  tricincta — 

15.  Lateral  view. 

16.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 

(292) 


PLATE  XVI. 


13 


15 


16 


(293) 


PLATE  XVII. 
Erythroneura  comes — 

1.  Lateral  view. 

2.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Erythroneura  maculata — 

3.  Lateral  view. 

4.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Erythroneura  basalaris — 

5.  Lateral  view. 

6.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus. 
Erythroneura  scutelleris — 

7.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  oedagus  and  lateral  view 

of  process  in  dorsal  margin  of  pygofer.  > 

Erythroneura  fumida — 

8.  Lateral  view. 

9.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Erythroneura  obliqua — 

10.  Lateral  view. 

11.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Erythroneura  vulnerata — 

12.  Lateral  view. 

13.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Erythroneura  dorsalis — 

14.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 
Erythroneura  nigra — 

15.  Dorsal  view  of  style,  connective  and  cedagus. 

(294) 


PLATE  XVII. 


fT 


If 


13  14 

.^3 


15 


(295) 


INDEX. 


abdominalis,  Eugnathodus 

abnormis,  Dikraneura 

Aceratagallia \\ 

cinerea [['  '  gj 

Key  to  species .'.'.'"' 

sanguinolenta 59 

uhleri ' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.                  '.  60 

Acinopterus 207 

acuminatus 207 

acuminatus  var.  viridis 208 

Aconura Ig3 

argenteolus '  ]  64 

Key  to  species 164 

robusta '.  164 

Acucephalini 108 

Key  to  genera 108 

acuminatus,  Acinopterus 207 

acutus,  Platymetopius 132 

affinis,  Deltocephalus 150 

Agallia 56 

constricta 57 

Key  to  species 56 

quadripunctata 56 

Agalliopsis 55 

novella 55 

albidus,  Deltocephalus 140 

albidus,  Eutettix 185 

albolinea,  Empoasca 241 

alboneura,  Empoasca 241 

albostriella,  Alebra 236 

Alebra 236 

albostriella 236 

albostriella  var.  fulveola .236 

Aligia 186 

modesta 186 

alternatus,  Idiocerus 66 

altus,  Phlepsius 198 

americana,  Penthimia 101 

angulifera,  Draeculacephala 98 

anthracinus,  Euscelis 

apertus,  Phlepsius 204 

apicalis,  Bythoscopus 

areolatus,  Deltocephalus 141 

areolatus,  Phlepsius 

argenteolus,  Aconura 

atropunctata,  Cicadella 

Auchenorhynchi 

Aulacizes 

irrorata 

auronitens,  Scaphoideus 125 

Balclutha 

impicta 

Key  to  species 

punctata 

(297) 


298  INDEX. 


balli,  Deltocephalus 160 

basalaris,  Erythroneura 250 

bicolor,  Euscelis 177 

bifida,  Kolla 89 

bilineatus,  Deltocephalus 139 

Birds,  natural  enemies 26 

bracteatus,  Hecalus 117 

brittoni,  Thamnotettix 210 

brunneus,  Parabolocratus 122 

Bythoscopinae 54 

Key  to  genera 54 

Bythoscopus 70 

apicalis % 71 

Key  to  species 70 

laetus 71 

Candida,  Neocoelidia 226 

catalina,  Lonatura 161 

Chlorotettix 217 

galbanatus 222 

Key  to  species 217 

necopinus 218 

spatulatus .- 219 

tunicatus 222 

unicolor 220 

viridius 221 

vividus 221 

Cicadella 84 

atropunctata 87 

gothica 87 

hieroglyphica 85 

hieroglyphica  var.  dolobrata 86 

hieroglyphica  var.  uhleri 86 

Key  to  species 85 

occatoria 88 

Cicadellidae,  subfamilies 54 

Cicadellinse 77 

Key  to  genera 77 

Cicadula 226 

Key  to  species 226 

lepida 229 

punctifrons 227 

punctifrons  var.  repleta 227 

sexnotata 229 

variata 228 

ciliatus,  Thamnotettix 214 

cinctus,  Eutettix 184 

cinerea,  Aceratagallia 61 

cinerea,  Gypona 105 

cinereus,  Phlepsius 203 

cinereus,  Platymetopius 134 

cinerosus,  Scaphoideus 131 

Climatic  conditions  as  natural  enemy 28 

clitellarius,  Thamnotettix 211 

collinus,  Deltocephalus 149 

collitus,  Phlepsius 202 

coloradensis,  Erythroneura  comes  var 258 

coloradensis,  Mesamia 188 

comes,  Erythroneura 254 

compactus,  Deltocephalus * 156 

coccinea,  Graphocephala 94 

comma,  Euscelis 175 


INDEX.  299 

FA0I 

communis,  Helocnara Q2 

consobrina,  Memnonia 109 

constricta,  Agallia 

crataegi,  Idiocerus 

crevecoeuri,  Erythroneura ... . . 

crocea,  Macropsis 

Curly-leaf 

curtisii,  Euscelis "    '  '  17g 

debilis,  Deltocephalus 14g 

decorus,  Phlepsius 195 

Deltocephalus 

affinis ................'..  '.   150 

albidus 140 

areolatus .  . 

bam :.::::::::::::::::::  ;  i6o 

bilineatus 139 

collinus \'t  '    149 

compactus 156 

debilis ; 148 

flavicosta 153 

inflatus '.    142 

imputans 141 

inimicus 157 

Key  to  species 137 

minimus 146 

misellus 145 

obtectus 155 

oculatus 151 

osborni 158 

parvulus , 147 

punctatus 159 

reflexus 143 

sayi 144 

signatifrons 146 

sonorus 160 

sylvestris 152 

visendus 142 

weedi 154 

Dicyphonia 1' 

ornata 1('3 

Dikraneura 237 

abnormis .  .  237 

fieberi 

Key  to  species 

distinctus,  Oncopsis 

dolobrata,  Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var 

dorsalis,  Erythroneura 

dorsalis,  Platymetopius 

Dorycephalus 

Key  to  species 

platyrhynchus 

vanduzei 

Draeculacephala 

angulifera 

Key  to  species 

mollipes 

noyeboracensis 

reticulata 

Driotura 

gammaroidea 

gammaroidea  var.  fulva 


300  INDEX. 


Key  to  species 165 

robusta 166 

duzeei,  Idiocerus 69 

Economic  importance 10 

Egg-deposition 22 

Empoasca 239 

albolinea 241 

alboneura 241 

flavescens 244 

Key  to  species 239 

mali 242 

obtusa 240 

trifasciata 240 

erythrocephala,  Macropsis 74 

Erythroneura 248 

basalaris 250 

comes 254 

comes  var.  coloradensis 258 

comes  var.  infuscata 257 

comes  var.  vitis •  •  257 

comes  var.  ziczac 256 

crevecoeuri 254 

dorsalis 260 

fumida 260 

illinoiensis 251 

Key  to  species ' 248 

maculata 252 

obliqua 258 

obliqua  var.  noevus 259 

nigra 262 

rubroscuta 251 

scutelleris 253 

tricincta 249 

vulnerata 261 

Eugnathodus 234 

abdominalis 234 

Eupteryx 245 

Euscelis 167 

anthracinus 173 

bicolor 177 

comma 175 

curtisii 176 

exitiosus 169 

extrusus 172 

Key  to  species 167 

magnus 168 

obtutus 178 

parallelus 171 

striatulus 174 

striolus 170 

uhleri 173 

Eutettix 179 

albidus 185 

cinctus 184 

Key  to  species 179 

pictus 180 

seminudus 181 

strobi 182 

tenellus 180 

excultus,  Phlepsius 194 

exitiosus,  Euscelis 1  9 


INDEX.  301 

r  M... 

extrusus,  Euscelis 172 

fieberi,  Dikraneura '    237 

fitchi,  Idiocerus 63 

fitchii,  Thamnotettix 215 

flavescens,  Empoasca : 244 

flavicosta,  Deltocephalus [    153 

flavidus,  Parabolocratus 122 

fraterna,  Memnonia .    109 

frontalis,  Platymetopius   135 

fulva,  Driotura  gammaroidea  var 166 

fulveola,  Alebra  albostriella  var 236 

fulvidorsum,  Phlepsius 205 

fumida,  Ery throneura 260 

galbanatus,  Chlorolettix 222 

gammaroidea,  Driotura 165 

geometrica,  Kolla 90 

gleditschise,  Macropsis • 76 

gothica,  Cicadella 87 

Geographical  distribution 30 

Graphocephala 93 

coccinea 94 

Key  to  species 93 

versuta 95 

Gypona 101 

cinerea 105 

Key  to  species 102 

melanota ' 103 

octo-lineata 

pectoralis 104 

puncticollis 

Gyponinse •  •   100 

Key  to  genera 100 

hartii,  Kolla 91 

Hecalus 116 

bracteatas 

Key  to  species 

lineatus 117 

Helochara 

communis ' 

Hibernation 

hieroglyphica,  Cicadella 

Homalodisca 

triquetra 

Hopperburn 

Hymetta 

trifasciata **< 

Idiocerus 

alternatus 

cratsegi 

duzeei 

fitchi 

Key  to  species 

moniliferae 

nervatus 

pallidus 

provancheri 

ramentosus 

snowi 

nituralis 

verticis 'OKI 

illitoiensis,  Erythroneura 


302  INDEX. 


immistus,  Scaphoideus 129 

impicta,  Balclutha 233 

imputans,  Deltocephalus 141 

incisus,  Phlepsius 198 

inflatus,  Deltocephalus 142 

inimicus,  Deltocephalus 157 

infuscata,  Erythroneura  comes  var 257 

inornatus,  Thamnptettix 212 

intricatus,  Scaphoideus 128 

irrorata,  Aulacizes 78 

irroratus,  Phlepsius 199 

Jassinae 108 

Key  to  tribes 108 

Jassini 112 

Key  to  genera 112 

Jassus 223 

olitorius 223 

jucundus,  Scaphoideus 126 

kennicotti,  Thamnotettix 210 

Kolla 89 

bifida 89 

geometrica 90 

hartii 91 

Key  to  species , 89 

teaetus,  Bythoscopus 71 

lascivius,  Phlepsius 197 

lateralis,  Oncometopia 83 

Length  of  adult  stage 24 

lepida,  Cicadula „ 229 

Life  history 22 

limbata,  Oncometopia  lateralis  var 84 

lineatus,  Hecalus 117 

lobatus,  Phlepsius : 202 

Lonatura 161 

catalina -. 161 

Key  to  species 161 

nebulosa 163 

noctivaga 162 

longulus,  Thamnotettix 212 

Macropsis 72 

crocea 74 

erythrocephala 74 

gleditschise 76 

Key  to  species 72 

suturalis 74 

trimaculata 73 

tristis 73 

viridis 75 

maculata,  Erythroneura 252 

magnus,  Euscelis 168 

majestus,  Phlepsius 191 

Male  internal  genitalia 44 

mali,  Empoasca 242 

melanogaster,  Thamnotettix 214 

melanota,  Gypona 103 

melanotus,  Scaphoideus 130 

Memnonia 108 

consobrina  109 

fraterna 109 

Key  to  species 109 


INDEX.  303 

PAGE 

Mesamia 


coloradensis 


186 

188 


Key  to  species 

nigridorsum 

straminea 

vitellina ..........'.'.  189 

mexicana,  Spangbergiella U9 

minimus,  Deltocephalus 14g 

misellus,  Deltocephalus .........' 

Mites,  natural  enemies 

modesta,  Aligia '    186 

mollipes,  Draeculacephala 97 

Molting 24 

moniliferae,  Idiocerus (5 

Morphology '  '  49 

Natural  enemies 26 

nebulosa,  Lonatura ','.'.'.'.    163 

nebulosus,  Phlepsius 205 

necopinus,  Chlorotettix '  \  .  '   218 

Neocoelidia 225 

Candida 226 

Key  to  species 225 

tumidifrons 225 

nervatus,  Idiocerus 70 

nigra,  Erythroneura 262 

nigridorsum,  Mesamia 187 

nigrifrons,  Thamnotettix 216 

Nionia . 112 

palmeri 112 

noctivaga,  Lonatura 162 

noevus,  Erythroneura  obliqua  var 259 

noveboracensis,  Draeculacephala 99 

novella,  Agalliopsis 55 

Number  of  eggs 23 

Number  of  generations 25 

Nymphs 23 

obliqua,  Erythroneura ' 258 

obtectus,  Deltocephalus 155 

obtusa,  Empoasca 

obtutus,  Euscelis .    178 

occatoria,  Cicadella 88 

octo-lineata,  Gypona 

oculatus,  Deltocephalus 

CEdagus 

olitorius,  Jassus 

Oncometopia 

Key  to  species 

lateralis 

lateralis  var.  limbata . . . 

undata 

Oncopsis 

distinctus 

•>rnata,  Dicyphonia 

osborni,  Deltocephalus 

ovatus,  Phlepsius 

pallidulus,  Thamnotettix 
pallidus,  Idiocerus .... 

palmeri,  Nionia 

Parabolocratus 

brunneus 

flavidus .  .  122 


304  INDEX. 

PAGE 

Key  to  species 120 

viridis 120 

parallelus,  Euscelis 171 

Parasitic  fungi 28 

Parasitic  insects .^ 27 

Paropinse !" 54 

parvulus,  Deltocephalus 147 

pectoralis,  Gypona 1C4 

Penthimia 101 

americana 101 

perspicillatus,  Thamnotettix 213 

pictus,  Eutettix 180 

Phlepsius 190 

altus 198 

apertus 204 

areolatus 193 

cinereus 203 

collitus 202 

decorus 195 

excultus : 194 

fulyidorsum 205 

incisus 198 

irroratus 199 

Key  to  species 190 

lascivius 197 

lobatus 202 

majestus 191 

nebulosus 4 205 

ovatus 196 

punctiscriptus 203 

solidaginis 206 

spatulatus 192 

superbus 193 

truncatus 201 

turpiculus 199 

Platymetopius 131 

acutus 132 

cinereus 134 

dorsalis . 132 

frontalis 135 

Key  to  species 132 

scriptus 136 

platyrhynchus,  Dorycephalus 115 

Predaceous  insect  enemies 27 

productus,  Scaphoideus 127 

provancheri,  Idiocerus .  .  .  .  , 64 

pulicarius,  Xestocephalus 110 

punctata,  Balclutha 231 

punctatus,  Deltocephalus 159 

puncticollis,  Gypona 105 

punctifrons,  Cicadula 227 

punctiscriptus,  Phlepsius 203 

quadripunctata,  Agallia 56 

ramentosus,  Idiocerus f5 

Recognition  of  the  Cicadellidse 53 

repleta,  Cicadula  punctifrons  var 227 

reflexus,  Deltocephalus 143 

reticulata,  Drseculacephala 99 

robusta,  Aconura 164 

robusta,  Driotura 166 

rosse,  Typhlocyba 245 


INDEX.  305 

rubroscuta,  Erythroneura •.  251 

sanctus,  Scaphoideus '    125 

sanguinolenta,  Aceratagallia 

sayi,  Deltocephalus ^44 

scalaris,  Scaphoideus 

Scaphoideus 124 

auronitens '    125 

cinerosus j  3  j 

immistus '  '  '  |  \    129 

intricatus 128 

jucundus 126 

Key  to  species '.    124 

melanotus 130 

productus ' ,    '    127 

sanctus 125 

scalaris 127 

scriptus,  Platymetopius 136 

scutelleris,  Erythroneura 253 

seminudus,  Eutettix 181 

sexnotata,  Cicadula 229 

signatifrons,  Deltocephalus 146 

snowi,  Idiocerus 64 

solidaginis,  Phlepsius 206 

sonorus,  Deltocephalus 160 

Spangbergiella 118 

mexicana 119 

vulnerata 119 

spatulatus,  Chlorotettix 219 

spatulatus,  Phlepsius 192 

Spiders,  natural  enemies 26 

straminea,  Mesamia 188 

striatulus,  Euscelis 174 

striolus,  Euscelis 170 

strobi,  Eutettix 182 

Style-oedagus  connective 45 

Styles ' ' 45 

superbus,  Phlepsius 

superbus,  Xestocephalus Ill 

suturalis,  Idiocerus >. .  . 

suturalis,  Macropsis 

sylvestris,  Deltocephalus 

Systematic  Position  of  Cicadellidae 

tenellus,  Eutettix 

tessellatus,  Xestocephalus 

Thamnotettix 209 

brittoni 

ciliatus 

clitellarius 

fitchii 

inornatus 

kennicotti 

Key  to  .species 

longulus 

melanogaster 

nigrifrons 

pallidulus... 

perspicillatus 

tricincta,  Erythroneura 

trifasciata,  Empoasca 

trifasciata,  Hymetta 

trimaculata,  Macropsis 

20— Sc-i.  Bui. — 3058 


306  INDEX. 

PAGE 

triquetra,  Homalodisca 80 

tristis,  Macropsis 73 

truncatus,  Phlepsius 201 

tumidifrons,  Neocoelidia 225 

tunicatus,  Chlorotettix 222 

turpiculus,  Phlepsius 199 

Typhlocyba 245 

rosae 245 

Typhlocybini 235 

Key  to  genera 235 

uhleri,  Aceratagallia 60 

uhleri,  Cicadella  hieroglyphica  var 86 

uhleri,  Euscelis 173 

undata,  Oncometopia 81 

unicolor,  Chlorotettix 220 

vanduzei,  Dorycephalus 116 

variata,  Cicadula 228 

versuta,  Graphocephala 95 

verticis,  Idiocerus 67 

viridis,  Acinopterus  acuminatus  var 208 

viridis,  Macropsis 75 

viridis,  Parabolocratus 120 

viridis,  Xerophloea 106 

viridius,  Chlorotettix 221 

visendus,  Deltocephalus 142 

vitellina,  Mesamia 189 

vitis,  Ery throneura  comes  var 257 

vividus,  Chlorotettix 221 

vulnerata,  Erythroneura 261 

vulnerata,  Spangbergiella 119 

weedi,  Deltocephalus 154 

Xerophloea 106 

viridis 106 

Xestocephalus 110 

Key  to  species 110 

pulicarius ,  110 

superbus Ill 

tessellatus Ill 

ziczac,  Erythroneura  comes  var 2o5 


THE 

KANSAS  UNIVERSITY 
SCIENCE  BULLETIN 

VOL.  XII,  No.  2— MARCH  15,  1920 


(Whole  Series,  Vol.  XXII,  No.  2.) 


CONTENTS: 

THE  CicABiDjE  OF  KANSAS. 

By  P.  P.  Lawson. 


PUBLISHED  BY  THE  UNIVERSITY 
LAWRENCE,  KAN. 


Entered  at  the  post  office  in  Lawrence  as  second-class  matter. 


KANSAS    STATE   PRINTING    PLANT 

IMRI    ZUMWALT,    STATB    PRINTER 

TOPEKA.      1920 


THE  KANSAS  UNIVERSITY 
SCIENCE  BULLETIN. 

VOL.  XII,  No.  2.]     MARCH  15,  1920.          [ 


The  Cicadidae  of  Kansas. 

BY  P.  B.  LAWSON. 

For  several  years  the  writer  has  been  interested  in  the 
Homopterous  fauna  of  Kansas.  He  has  in  recent  years  written 
systematic  papers  on  the  Coccidte  and  Cicadellidse  found  in  the 
state,  and  after  working  on  the  latter  family,  found  himself 
much  interested  in  the  Homoptera-Auchenorhynchi  as  a  group. 

In  looking  over  the  material  belonging  to  this  group  in  the 
Snow  collections,  he  found  that  a  very  representative  collec- 
tion of  cicadas  was  on  hand  and  at  once  became  interested  in 
studying  them.  Most  of  this  material  had  been  gathered  and 
arranged  by  Mr.  R.  H.  Beamer,  formerly  assistant  curator  of 
the  Snow  collections.  He  himself  had  intended  to  publish  on  the 
group,  but  just  as  he  was  about  ready  to  undertake  the  work, 
he  gave  up  active  work  in  entomology,  and  so  his  material  fell 
into  the  writer's  hands.  The  writer  wishes  therefore  to  ac- 
knowledge his  indebtedness  to  him  and  also  to  Mr.  Wm.  T. 
Davis,  who  not  only  identified  all  the  material  sent  him  by  Mr. 
Beamer' and  myself,  but  also  sent  me  for  study  other  specimens 
necessary  for  the  prosecution  of  the  work. 

In  the  Journal  of  the  New  York  Entomological  Society,  Vol. 
xxvi,  Nos.  3  and  4,  1918,  Mr.  Davis  published  a  paper  on  the 
cicadas  of  Mississippi.  In  this  paper  he  records  eighteen 
species  from  that  state  and  remarks  on  this  relatively  large 
number  of  species  within  a  single  state.  Records  show  that 
twenty-one  species  have  been  taken  in  Kansas,  and  specimens 
of  these  are  now  in  the  Snow  collection.  A  pair  of  Tibicen 
resonans  was  very  kindly  given  us  by  Mr.  Davis  for  the  collec- 

Received  for  publication,  March  1,   1920. 

(309) 


310  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

tion  as  this  species  has  been  taken  only  a  single  time  in  the 
state. 

It  is  very  likely  that  with  more  thorough  and  extensive  col- 
lecting several  more  species  will  be  found  in  Kansas.  The 
writer  has  been  greatly  impressed  with  the  number  of  cicadas 
that  apparently  reach  one  of  the  limits  of  their  geographical 
distribution  in  the  state.  Thus  the  Kansas  members  of  the 
western  genus  Okanagana  seem  to  reach  their  eastern  limit  in 
the  state.  Similarly  the  eastern  and  southern  genus  Tibiclna 
seems  to  reach  its  western  limit  with  us.  Various  members  of 
the  genus  Tibicen  also  just  enter  Kansas.  Thus  we  have  T.  bi- 
fidus  reaching  eastward  into  the  western  counties.  The  eastern 
T.  pruinosa  seems  to  be  very  common  in  eastern  Kansas  but 
does  not  occur  in  the  western  part.  The  eastern  and  southern  T. 
lyricen  seems  to  reach  its  northwestern  limit  in  the  southeast- 
ern counties  of  our  state.  The  southern  T.  vitripennis  reaches 
its  northern  limit  in  the  southern  counties.  The  relatively 
eastern  T.  marginalis  is  found  in  the  eastern  two-thirds  of  the 
state,  while  the  closely  related  T.  dealbata  evidently  does  not 
go  much  further  east  than  central  Kansas.  Again,  T.  linnei 
seems  to  reach  its  western  limit  with  us  while  T.  superba  and 
T.  eugraphica  are  not  found  further  north.  Proarna  venosa 
likewise  finds  its  northern  boundary  in  the  state,  and  Tibici- 
noides  hespcrius  is  confined  to  the  western  counties  and  likely 
reaches  its  eastern  limits  with  us. 

This  convergence  in  one  state  of  so  many  species  of  varied 
distribution  is  undoubtedly  due  to  its  central  geographical  posi- 
tion, to  the  extremes  of  its  rainfall,  and  to  its  varying  eleva- 
tion. Thus  the  eastern  part  of  the  state  is  distinctly  mesophy- 
tic,  starting  with  an  elevation  of  800  feet  and  with  an  average 
rainfall  of  as  high  as  45  inches.  This  condition  gradually 
changes  as  one  goes  west  over  the  gradually  rising  and  drier 
portions  of  the  state,  till  at  its  western  border  the  elevation  has 
reached  3,600  feet  and  the  average  rainfall  has  decreased  to  as 
low  as  16  inches.  With  this  change  one  finds  a  corresponding 
change  both  in  the  flora  and  fauna  which  is  very  evident  even 
to  the  casual  observer,  at  least  as  far  as  the  flora  is  concerned. 
This  latter  change,  combined  with  those  causes  which  produce 
it,  is  undoubtedly  responsible  for  the  variety  of  insect  forms 
and  their  distribution  in  the  state,  for  it  has  repeatedly  been 
found  that  in  many  if  not  all  groups  of  insects,  the  eastern  and 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID^.  311 

western  faunas  meet  somewhere  in  the  central  portions  of  our 
state.  This  condition  seems  to  prevail  in  spite  of  the  fact  that 
most  life  zone  maps  show  nearly  all  of  the  state  as  belonging 
to  the  Upper  Austral  while  just  a  few  southeastern  counties 
come  into  the  northern  limits  of  the  Lower  Austral. 

An  attempt  has  been  made  in  this  paper  to  start  on  a  study 
of  various  structural  characters  to  determine  their  importance 
as  aids  in  systematic  work.  Thus  a  beginning  has  been  made 
in  the  study  of  the  ovipositors  of  the  species  occurring  in  the 
state.  Much  more  work  will  be  necessary  before  one  could  be 
dogmatic  about  their  value,  but  at  present  it  seems  certain 
that  in  some  cases  at  least  the  ovipositors  are  characteristic  of 
the  species.  The  writer  hopes  to  continue  this  study  with  a 
larger  series  of  each  species  as  well  as  with  more  species  and 
give  his  results  in  a  future  paper.  Similarly  the  study  of  the 
last  ventral  segments  of  both  sexes  will  in  some  cases  reveal 
good  taxonomic  characters. 

The  form  of  the  descriptions  here  given  will  also  be  rather 
new,  but  the  attempt  has  been  made  to  bring  this  form  more 
into  harmony  with  that  used  to  describe  the  members  of  the 
other  families  of  the  same  group.  It  is  hoped  that  this  might 
be  an  aid  in  the  study  of  these  families. 


312  THE    UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Characteristics  of  the  Cicadidae. 


The  Cicadidaz  are  a  very  interesting  family  belonging  to  the 
Homoptera-Auchenorhynchi,  this  group  being  distinguished 
from  the  Homoptera-Sternorhynchi  by  having  the  beak  arising 
from  the  lower  part  of  the  head  instead  of  apparently  arising 
from  between  the  prothoracic  legs,  as  in  the  latter  group. 

To  the  Homoptera-Auchenorhynchi  belong  five  families,  of 
which  the  Cicadidse  are  easily  the  largest  insects.  Aside,  how- 
ever, from  their  relatively  larger  size,  there  are  very  distinct 
and  characteristic  structural  differences  between  this  family 
and  the  others.  Thus  the  members  of  the  Cercopidse  and  Cica- 
dellidsR  usually  have  their  fore  wings  distinctly  thicker  than  the 
hind  wings,  whereas  in  the  Cicadidss  both  pairs  of  wings  are 
similar  in  texture.  The  antenna?  of  some  of  the  Fulgoridse 
are  very  irregular  and  peculiar  in  form,  while  those  of  the  Cica- 
dids  are  always  setiform.  Rarely  do  the  members  of  the  other 
families,  the  Aphididse  excepted,  ever  have  three  ocelli,  this 
being  a  distinct  characteristic  of  the  Cicadidse.  The  front 
femora  also  of  these  insects  are  quite  characteristic,  being 
thickened  and  toothed  beneath.  Finally  the  group  is  charac- 
terized by  having  males  which  are  musical,  so  that  each  species 
has  its  peculiar  song,  a  condition  unknown  in  any  other 
Homoptera. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID^:.  3ia 


Systematic  Treatment  of  the  Kansas  Species. 


Van  Duzee  in  his  catalogue  has  divided  the  Cicadidx  into 
three  subfamilies,  each  of  which  is  represented  by  one  or  more 
genera  in  Kansas.  The  following  is  his  key  to  these  sub- 
families : 

KEY  TO   SUBFAMILIES. 

Tympanal  coverings  present  in  the  male,  1. 
Tympanal  coverings  absent  in  the  male. 

Subfamily  3  Tibicininse  (Dist.) 
1.    Tympanal  coverings  entirely  concealing  the  orifices. 

Subfamily  1  Tibiceninse  Van  D. 

Tympanal  coverings  imperfect,  leaving  the  orifices  more  or  less  ex- 
posed.  Subfamily  2  Cicadinee  Van  D. 

Subfamily  TIBICENIN^  Van  D. 

The  members  of  this  subfamily  are  distinguished  from  those 
of  the  other  two  subfamilies  by  having  the  tympanal  coverings 
entirely  concealing  the  tympanal  orifices.  Most  of  our  cicadas 
belong  here. 

The  genus  Tibicen  is  the  only  genus  belonging  to  the  Tibi- 
ceninse,  that  is  represented  in  our  Kansas  fauna. 

Genus  TIBICEN  Latr. 

This  genus  contains  species  that  vary  much  in  size,  ranging 
from  very  large  to  rather  small  forms.  They  all,  however, 
have  characteristically  broad  heads  and  their  opaque  abdomens 
taper  regularly  behind.  The  mesonotum  completely  covers  the 
middle  of  the  metanotum  and  the  tympanal  orifices  of  the  male 
are  completely  hidden  by  the  tympanal  coverings.  The  oper- 
cula  are  large  and  usually  are  close  together  or  overlap  me- 
dially. 

This  is  by  far  the  largest  genus  in  Kansas,  fourteen  of  the 
twenty-one  species  of  the  state  belonging  here.  These  may  be 
separated  by  the  following  key : 

KEY   TO    SPECIES. 

A.    Large,  heavy  bodied  species;  uncus  simple. 

B.    Uncus  distinctly  longer  than  broad,  not  triangular. 
C.    Uncus  long,  slender  and  curved,  bifid  apically. 

bifida. 


314  THE  UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

A.    Large,  heavy  bodied  species — concluded. 

CC.    Uncus  broader,  with  broadly  rounded  apex. 

D.    Species   light,   not   strongly   marked   with    black; 

apex  of  wings  strongly  infuscated.        superba. 
DD.    Species  dark,  strongly  marked  with  black;  apex  of 
wings  slightly  infuscated. 

E.    Hind  margin  of  pronotum  or  collar  greenish. 
F.    Larger   species,   averaging   30   mm.   or 
over  in  length,  and  with  a  distinct  lon- 
gitudinal black  band  on  under  side  of 
the  abdomen. 

G.  Margin  of  fore  wings  not  bent; 
opercula  broad,  broadly  rounded 
behind;  males  usually  with  atten- 
uated pruinose  stripe  on  dorsum 
of  third  segment.  pruinosa. 
GG.  Margin  of  fore  wings  suddenly 
bent  near  the  middle;  opercula 
narrowed  apically  and  more  angu- 
late  behind.  linnei. 

FF.  Smaller  species,  averaging  about  25  mm. 
in  length  and  without  a  distinct  longi- 
tudinal black  band  on  the  under  side  of 
the  abdomen.  aurifera 

EE.    Hind  margin  of  pronotum  or  collar  blackish. 

lyricen . 

BB.    Uncus  usually  about  as  wide  as  long,  usually  triangular,  but 
with  the  apex  often  truncate. 

C.    Wings  long  and  slender;  a  large  ferrugineous  and  black 

species.  resonuns. 

CC.    Wings  broader;  species  greenish  and  black. 

D.    Very  large  species,  expanding  over  110  mm.    Flaps 

of  wings  gray.  auletes 

DD.    Smaller  species,  seldom  expanding  110  mm.     Flaps 
of  wings  usually  with  yellowish  or  orange  tinge. 
E.    Fore  wings  with  cross  veins  between  R.  and 
R.i+r,  and  between  the  latter  and  Mi  distinctly 
darkened.     Posterior   margins  of   abdominal 
terga  not  lighter. 

F.    Abdominal  terga  with  a  dorsal  row  of 
pruinose    spots;    uncus    somewhat    tri- 
angular, apex  obtuse.  dorsata. 
FF.    Abdominal   terga    without   dorsal   prui- 
nose spots;  uncus  broadly  truncate  api- 
cally. resh. 
EE.    Fore  wings  with  cross  veins  between  R-(  and 
R^.-,  and  between  the  latter  and  Mi  not  at  all 
or   slightly   darkened.     Posterior   margin   of 
abdominal  terga  lighter. 
F.    Head  broad,  wings  rather  narrow;  ab- 
dominal terga  without  dorsal  pruinose 
spots  and  not  strongly  pruinose  later- 
ally,                                      marginalia 
FF.    Head     narrower,    wings    broader;     ab- 
dominal terga  with  dorsal  row  of  prui- 
nose spots  and  strongly  pruinose  later- 
ally,                                        dealbata. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^.  315 

A  A.    Small  species;  uncus  wishbone  shaped. 

B.  Orange  and  black  species;  arms  of  uncus  strongly  curved  and 
widely  separated  apically,  arms  of  ventral  piece  stout  when 
viewed  caudally.  cugraphica. 

BB.  Green  and  black  species;  arms  of  uncus  straighter  and  not 
as  widely  separated  apically,  arms  of  ventral  piece  slender 
when  viewed  caudally.  vitripennis. 

Tibicen  bifidus  (Davis). 

(PI.  xxi,  figs.  1-2;  pi.  xxv,  fig.  4;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  9;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  13.) 
Cicada  bijida  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiv,  p.  47,  1916. 
Tibicen  bifidus  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  489,  1917. 

A  black  and  yellowish-brown  species  of  medium  size.  Specimens  at 
hand  measure  from  25  to  29  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  with  the  following  marked  with  yellowish-brown, 
sometimes  tinged  with  green:  The  antennal  ledges,  a  triangular  spot  in 
front  of  ocelli,  a  spot  of  varying  size  just  in  front  of  this,  and  irregular 
spots  along  the  caudal  margin  laterad  of  the  ocelli.  Pronotum  yellowish- 
to  brownish-green,  pruinose  in  spots,  with  a  large  black  median  T-shaped 
or  triangular  spot  extending  from  the  collar  to  the  head,  which  often  con- 
tains a  yellowish-green  spot.  The  grooves  are  blackened  in  varying  de- 
gree and  often  have  black  spots  between  them.  Collar  with  black  spots  in 
the  humeral  angles  and  often  some  between  these  and  the  median  spot. 
Mesonotum  black,  often  pruinose  in  spots,  with  the  W-shaped  mark  and 
the  sides  yellowish-green,  as  is  also  the  cruciform  elevation,  the  anterior 
arms  of  the  latter  almost  touching  the  W.  Abdominal  terga  black  with 
the  sides  brownish-yellow,  the  last  tergum  being  almost  wholly  light,  with 
a  faint  dorsal  row  of  pruinose  spots  and  often  with  pruinose  markings 
laterally.  Wings  with  the  branches  of  the  veins  nearly  all  black,  the 
costal  margin  and  the  bases  of  the  veins,  radius  and  extreme  base  of 
media  excepted,  yellowish-brown;  cross  veins  between  R,  and  R*+5  and  be- 
tween latter  vein  and  Mi  distinctly  darkened.  Basal  areoles  of  fore 
wings  with  dark  dash;  flaps  of  both  wings  whitish,  those  of  fore  wings 
often  with  an  orange  tinge.  Beneath  nearly  unicolorously  yellowish- 
brown  except  for  darker  head.  Legs,  especially  prothoracic  pair,  streaked 
with  dark. 

Form :  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the  speci- 
mens at  hand: 

Length  of  body 25       to  29 

Width  of  head    9       to     9.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 71       to  74 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 11.5  to  12.5 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 6 

Greatest  length   of  operculum 9 

The  opercula  are  fully  half  as  long  as  the  abdomen,  overlapping  nearly 
two-thirds  their  length,  then  evenly  narrowing  on  both  margins  to  the 
subacute  apices. 

Genitalia:  Supra-anal  plate  of  male  with  small,  stout,  median  process 
and  with  the  lateral  angles  rounded.  The  uncus,  when  viewed  laterally. 


316 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


is  long  and  slender  and  strongly  curved  and  when  viewed  caudally  is 
widest  at  the  base,  then  narrowed  till  near  the  broadened  and  distinctly 
bifid  apex.  The  ventral  piece  is  strongly  U-shaped,  the  arms  stout, 
slightly  notched  apically,  and  connected  with  membranous  tissue  till 
near  their  apices.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  over  one-half 
longer  than  wide,  lateral  margins  nearly  straight,  the  posterior  margin 
distinctly  but  not  deeply  emarginate.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have 
a  strong  median  process.  The  last  ventral  segment  is  broadly  notched 
posteriorly  nearly  one-third  the  distance  to  the  base.  Each  of  the  lateral 
pieces  of  the  ovipositor  bears  about  fourteen  teeth  or  ridges,  at  least  in 
the  specimen  examined,  of  which  the  basal  ones  are  small  and  far  apart, 
the  median  four  or  five  being  quite  large,  and  the  terminal  four  small  and 
crowded. 

Distribution:  The  specimens  at  hand  were  taken  in  the  west- 
ern part  of  the  state  in  Morton,  Hamilton,  Logan  and  Finney 
counties.  In  the  collection  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural 
College  are  specimens  from  Logan  and  Riley  counties.  Outside 
of  Kansas  this  species  is  reported  to  occur  in  Colorado,  Utah 
and  Arizona.  The  following  map  shows  its  distribution  in 
Kansas  as  far  as  is  now  known : 


Remarks:  Of  the  large  number  of  specimens  at  hand  four 
are  paratypes. 

Tibicen  superba  (Fh.). 

(PI.  xxi,  flgs.  3-4;  pi.  xxiv.  fig.  4;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.   12;  pi.  xxvii,  fi?.   18.) 
Cicada  superba  Fh.,  Trans.  N.  Y.   St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xiv,    (1854),   p.   745,   1855. 
Cicada  superba  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  152,  1892. 
Tibicen  superba  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  X.  A.,  p.  494,  1917. 

A  fairly  large  insect  of  a  beautiful  greenish-buff  color,  sparingly 
marked  with  black.  Specimens  at  hand  measure  from  30  to  33  mm. 

Color:  Head  greenish-buff  with  a  broad  transverse  black  band  between 
the  eyes  and  two  small  black  spots  at  the  base  of  the  front.  Pronotum  in 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID^E.  317 

our  specimens  is  entirely  greenish-buff.  Mesonotum  of  the  same  color 
with  black  spots  as  follows:  A  pair  between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a 
small  triangular  pair  laterad  of  these,  a  still  smaller  pair  just  above  base 
of  fore  wings,  and  a  small  spot  mesad  of  the  tips  of  the  anterior  arms 
of  the  cruciform  elevation.  Abdominal  terga  not  as  green  as  the  rest 
of  the  body,  with  small  pruinose  spots  laterally  at  the  base  of  the  first 
segment  and  with  the  base  of  the  second  segment  sometimes  narrowly 
black.  The  wings  are  distinctly  smoky  apically,  the  veins  being  olive-green 
basally,  becoming  brown  apically.  The  cross  veins  between  R,  and  R^ 
and  between  the  latter  and  M,  are  strongly  and  widely  infuscate.  The 
basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  greenish  anteriorly.  The  flaps  of 
both  wings  are  dark  gray.  Beneath  the  insect  is  brownish  or  buff  and 
entirely  pruinose.  The  legs  are  of  the  same  color  as  the  underside,  dis- 
tinctly striped  and  slightly  darkening  apically. 

Farm:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 30  to  33 

Width  of  head 13.5  to  13.75 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 86  to  90 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 12  to  12.5 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 6.5  to       7 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 9.5  to  10 

The  opercula  are  distinctly  longer  than  wide,  the  lateral  margins  are 
slightly  sinuate,  the  mesal  margins  slightly  overlap,  and  the  posterior 
margins  are  rounded  but  with  the  mesal  portion  distinctly  longer  and 
straighter  than  the  outer  part. 

Genitalia :  Supra-anal  plate  of  male  with  a  stout  median  tooth  which 
exceeds  the  rounded  lateral  angles.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  dis- 
tinctly curved  and  widens  distally  to  the  obtuse  apex.  Viewed  caudally 
it  is.  a  large  sclerite  nearly  twice  as  long  as  wide,  scarcely  narrowing  to 
the  broadly  rounded  apex,  and  with  the  usual  depression  on  the  dorsal 
part  of  its  caudal  aspect.  The  ventral  piece  has  its  arms  widely  but  not 
deeply  separated.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  distinctly  less 
than  twice  as  wide  as  long  and  is  strongly  rounded  posteriorly.  The  py- 
gofers  of  the  female  have  a  stout  and  rather  short  median  spine  which 
exceeds  the  obtusely  angulate  lateral  angles.  The  last  ventral  segment 
of  the  female  has  the  lateral  margins  distinctly  sinuate,  the  posterior  mar- 
gin with  a  broad  angular  emargination  which  reaches  half  way  to  the 
base.  The  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  each  bear  at  first  five  low 
ridges  followed  by  two  prominent  teeth  and  then  about  six  small  and 
indistinct  teeth. 

Distribution:  The  only  record  we  have  of  the  occurrence  of 
this  species  in  the  state  is  from  Barber  county.  It  seems  to 
be  a  distinctively  southern-species  as  shown  by  its  distribution 
as  given  by  Van  Duzee,  who  records  it  from  Arkansas,  Okla- 
homa, New  Mexico  and  Texas. 


318  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Tibicen  pruinosa  (Say). 


(PI.  xviii,  figs.  3-4;   pi.  x 
ln   iinihioxa    Say,   .11.    Acad. 


251. 


Cicada  pruinosa  Harris,  Kept.  ] 
Cicada  bruneosa  Wild,  Ann.  So 
Cicada  pruinosa  Harris,  Treat. 


fig.  3;   pi.  xxvi,  flg.   10;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  10.) 
it.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  330,  1825;  Compl.  Wri 

..   M.-iss.,  p.  176,  1841. 

Ent.  Fr.,  ser.  2,  x,  Bui.,  p.  xviii,  1852. 

s.  Inj.  Veg.,  edn.  3,  p.  218,  1862. 


Cicada  canteularis  Prov.,  Pet.  Faune  Ent,  Can.,  iii,  p.  211,  1889. 
Cicada  pruinosa  Davis  &  Jout.,  Ent.  News,  xvii,  p.  237,  1906. 
Cicada  pruinosa  Sm.  &  Grsb.,  Ent.  News,  xviii,  p.  123,  1907. 
Tibicen  pruinosa  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  490,  1917. 
Tibicen  pruinosa  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.'Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  145,   1918. 

A  green  and  black  species  of  fairly  large  size.  Specimens  at  hand 
measure  from  29  to  33  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  with  the  following  marked  with  green  or  brownish- 
green:  The  antennal  ledges  and  the  space  between  them  and  the  eyes, 
a  median  elliptical  spot  on  upper  portion  of  front,  sometimes  three  spots 
at  base  of  the  front,  and  the  posterior  margin  between  the  ocelli  and  the 
compound  eyes.  Pronotum  green  or  brownish-green  except  for  two  large 
black  median  spots  which  taper  caudad,  uniting  just  before  the  collar, 
and  enclosing  an  elongate  greenish  spot.  Frequently  some  of  the  grooves, 
parts  of  the  lateral  margins,  and  the  portions  just  behind  the  eyes,  are 
tinged  with  black.  Mesonotum  green,  marked  with  black  as  follows: 
The  spaces  between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a  spot  on  each  side  laterad  of 
the  arms  which  are  joined  sometimes  by  a  slender  line  with  a  spot  on 
the  posterior  margin,  laterad  of  these  a  third  pair  of  spots  which  may 
join  the  second  pair  posteriorly,  and  with  a  large  spot  between  the  W 
and  the  light  cruciform  elevation,  its  apex  reaching  up  between  the  inner 
arms  of  the  former.  Abdominal  terga  entirely  black,  first  segment  with 
large  lateral  pruinose  spots  which  sometimes  reach  over  to  the  second 
segment,  the  third  segment  sometimes  with  attenuated  lateral  stripes,  the 
eighth  segment  and  the  seventh  of  the  female  also  pruinose  laterally. 
Wings  with  veins  greenish  basally,  except  the  base  of  media,  becoming 
brown  on  apical  half,  and  with  the  cross  veins  between  R3  and  R4+,-.  and 
between  the  latter  vein  and  Mi  distinctly  darkened.  Basal  areoles  of 
the  fore  wings  greenish  but  without  distinct  dash;  flaps  of  fore  wings 
grayish,  those  of  hind  wings  gray,  becoming  white  posteriorly.  Beneath 
more  or  less  strongly  pruinose  except  for  shining  black  median  portion 
of  the  abdomen.  Legs  light,  darkening  towards  the  tips  of  the  tibiae. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body   25  to     29 

Width  of  head  12  to     13.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 96  to  100 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 13.5  to     15 

Greatest  width  of  operculum  .  .• 7  to       7.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 9.25  to       9.75 

Opercula,  excluding  the  extension  beyond  the  coxal  cavity,  about  as 
long  as  broad,  overlapping  medially,  and  rounded  apically  but  with  inner 
apical  margin  straighter  and  longer  than  the  outer. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^E. 


319 


Genitalia:  Supra-anal  plate  of  male  with  a  strong  median  process 
which  exceeds  the  rounded  lateral  angles.  Uncus,  when  viewed  laterally, 
is  stout,  straight,  and  parallel-margined  till  near  the  apex,  when  the 
caudal  margin  suddenly  tapers  to  the  acute  apex.  Viewed  caudally  it 
is  a  large  sclerite,  over  one-half  longer  than  wide,  with  a  broadly  round- 
ing, nearly  truncate,  subapically  depressed  apex,  and  with  a  large  trian- 
gular depression  on  the  dorsal  part  of  its  caudal  aspect.  The  ventral  piece 
is  strongly  V-shaped,  with  the  arms  rather  slender  when  viewed  caudally 
but  appearing  stout  from  a  lateral  view.  The  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  male  is  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  lateral  margins  very  slightly  sin- 
uate, the  apex  broadly  rounded.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have  a 
slender  and  acute  median  process  which  greatly  exceeds  the  lateral  angles. 
Last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  with  a  broad,  distinctly  angulate 
notch  reaching  nearly  half  way  to  the  base.  In  the  specimen  examined 
the  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  each  bore  about  a  dozen  ridges  or 
teeth,  of  which  the  first  four  were  ridge-like  and  the  rest  more  tooth-like. 

Distribution:  This  is  one  of  our  commonest  species.  In 
and  around  Lawrence  it  is  by  far  the  commonest  form.  As 
shown  by  the  following  map  it  is  decidedly  eastern  in  its  dis- 
tribution in  the  state.  The  record  from  Riley  county  is  that 
of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College.  Van  Duzee  records 
it  from  the  following  other  states:  Pennsylvania,  Indiana, 
Missouri,  Nebraska  and  Texas.  Davis  says  its  distribution  is 
that  of  the  general  region  of  the  valley  of  the  Mississippi. 


Remarks:  Davis  speaks  of  the  song  of  this  species  as  fol- 
lows :  "The  song  of  pruinosa  is  quite  unlike  that  of  any  of  the 
other  large  native  cicadas,  and  may  be  rendered  as  z-zape, 
z-zape,  z-zape.  The  insect  often  remains  quiet  all  day,  singing 
from  about  3  or  4  p.  m.  until  dark." 


320  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Tibicen  linnei  (Sm.  &  Grsb.). 

(PI.  xviii,  fiijs.  1-1:  pi.  xxiv,  fig.  2;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  11;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  16.) 
Cicada  linnei  Sm.  &  Grsb.,  Ent.  News,  xviii,  p.   127,  1907. 
Cirtitlii   lihit-rn   (icrni.,   Mil  e:.  d.  Ent.,   iv,  p.  95,    1821. 
h'idiciiui  tibicen  Walk.,   List  Homop.,  i,  p.  94,   18/iO. 
rin>i>l,a  chloromera  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  i,  p.  43,  1850. 
Cicada  tibicen  Fh.,  Trans.  X.  Y.  St.  Agr.  Soc.,  xv,  p.  367,  No.  73,  1856. 
cirnda  lihiccn  Harris,  Treat.  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.,  edn.  3,  p.  219,   1862. 
detain  tibicen  I'M.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  227,  1884. 
dcnda  tibicen  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  68,  1888. 
Cicada  tibicen  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  149,  1892. 
Cicada  tibicen  Macg.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxiii,  p.  82,  1901. 

Cicada  tibicen  Felt,   N.  Y.  St.  Mus.  Memoir,  8,  i,  p.  237,  pi.  46,  fig.  1,   1905. 
Kihana  tibicen  Dist.,  Cat.  Homop.,  Cicadidse,  p.  36,  1906. 
Cicada  tibicen  Davis  &  Jout.,  Ent.  News,  xvii,  p.  238,  1906. 
dcnda  tibicen  Tuck.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  64,  1907. 
Cicada  linnei  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  p.  10,   1915. 
Tibicen  linnei  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  490,  1917. 
Tibicen  linnei  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  146,  pi.   7,  fig.   1,  1918. 

A  green  and  black  species  looking  like  T.  pruinosa  in  form  and  color. 
Specimens  at  hand  measure  from  30.5  to  33  mm. 

Color:  Head  mostly  black,  with  the  following  marked  with  green:  A 
broad  stripe  on  each  side  along  antennal  ledge  from  front  to  eyes,  these 
stripes  each  with  a  small  black  spot  near  the  front,  an  elliptical  spot  on 
upper  portion  of  front  connected  with  a  median  triangular  spot  at  base 
of  front,  and  with  irregular  marks  along  posterior  margin  laterad  of 
each  lateral  ocellus.  Pronotum  green,  with  two  large  black  posteriorly 
tapering  median  spots  which  enclose  a  wedge-shaped  green  mark,  and 
with  the  grooves  and  back  of  the  eyes  frequently  black,  there  sometimes 
being  a  black  spot  also  on  the  lateral  margins.  Mesonotum  green,  marked 
with  black  as  follows:  Between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a  large  spot  on  each 
side  laterad  of  this  which  extends  taperingly  to  posterior  margin,  a 
smaller  spot  on  each  side  laterad  of  these,  and  a  large  spot  cephalad  of 
the  light  cruciform  elevation,  this  spot  having  a  narrow  anterior  process 
which  reaches  between  the  median  arms  of  the  W.  Abdominal  terga. 
black,  the  posterior  margins  sometimes  being  testaceous.  First  segment 
in  males  with  a  pair  of  small  but  distinct  pruinose  spots.  The  wings 
have  the  veins,  with  the  exception  of  media,  greenish  basally  and  becom- 
ing brownish  apically.  The  cross  veins  between  R3  and  R<+5  and  between 
the  latter  vein  and  Mi,  are  strongly  and  broadly  infuscated.  The  basal 
areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  green.  The  flaps  of  both  wings  are  grayish 
or  brownish.  Beneath  the  insect  varies  from  greenish  to  testaceous,  the 
opercula  being  lighter  than  the  rest  of  the  under  side  and  fresh  specimens 
are  entirely  pruinose  with  the  exception  of  the  black  median  portion  of 
the  abdomen.  The  legs  are  light  brown  or  greenish  with  a  tendency  to 
darken  apically. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 30.5     to     33 

Width  of  head 14 . 25  to     15 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 94         to  100 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wings 14         to     14.5 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 6.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 8         to       8.5 


LAWS'ON:    KANSAS  CICADID>E.  321 

The  costal  margin  of  the  fore  wings  is  slightly  but  distinctly  bent 
near  the  middle.  The  opercula  are  longer  than  broad.  They  slightly 
overlap  along  their  mesal  margins,  the  lateral  margins  are  sinuately 
narrowed  posteriorly  and  the  posterior  margin  runs  cephalo-mesad  in  a 
straight  line  from  the  rounded  lateral  angles. 

Genitalia:  Supra-anal  plate  of  male  with  a  very  broad  but  short 
median  spine  which  scarcely  exceeds  the  rounded  lateral  angles.  Uncus, 
when  viewed  laterally,  is  curved  on  its  posterior  margin  to  the  semi- 
obtuse  apex.  When  viewed  caudally  it  is  a  large  sclerite  less  than  twice 
as  long  as  wide  and  gradually  tapering  from  the  base  to  the  broadly 
rounded  apex.  The  upper  portion  of  the  caudal  aspect  shows  a  large 
triangular  depression.  The  ventral  piece  is  U-shaped  with  the  arms 
fairly  deeply  divided.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  over 
twice  as  wide  as  long,  and  slightly  emarginate  apically.  The  pygofers 
of  the  female  have  a  prominent  and  acute  median  spine  which  strongly 
exceeds  the  strongly-angled  lateral  angles.  The  last  ventral  segment 
of  the  female  has  the  lateral  margins  sinuate  and  the  posterior  margin 
broadly  and  angularly  emarginate  nearly  one-half  the  distance  to  the 
base.  The  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  each  bear  about  twelve  teeth 
or  ridges,  of  which  the  median  four  alone  are  distinct. 

Distribution:  The  only  Kansas  records  for  this  species  are 
from  Sedgwick,  Douglas  and  Clay  counties,  the  former  two 
by  E.  S.  Tucker  and  the  last  by  Wm.  T.  Davis.  Outside  of 
Kansas  it  is  found  in  Massachusetts,  New  York,  Michigan, 
Tennessee,  North  Carolina,  Illinois,  and  Mississippi,  so  that 
Kansas  would  seem  to  be  its  western  limit. 

Remarks:  Davis  says  that  the  song  of  this  species  is  a  con- 
tinuous z-ing,  generally  of  a  short  duration.  All  the  speci- 
mens examined  by  the  writer  were  from  North  Carolina. 

Tibicen  aurifera  (Say). 

(PI.  xxii,  fig.  1-2;  pi.  xxiv,  fig.  5;   pi.  xxvi,  fig.  15;  pi.  xxvii,   fig.  12.) 
Cicada   aurifera   Say,   Jl.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci.   Phila.,   iv,   p.   332,   1825;    Cotnpl.   Writ.,   ii, 
p.  252. 

Cicada     urifera  Woodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  68,  1888. 

Cicada     urifera  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  153,  1892. 

Cicada     urifera  Kirk.,  Ent.,  xxxiii,  p.  242,  1900. 

Cicada     urifera  Macg.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxiii,  p.  80,  1901. 

Cicada     urffera  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent  Soc.,  xxiv,  p.  44,  1916. 

Tibicen  aurifera  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  492,  1917. 

A  rather  small  species  usually  green  and  black  but  sometimes  vary- 
ing to  reddish-brown  and  black,  having  the  body  covered  with  a  golden 
pubescence.  Specimens  at  hand  vary  from  23  to  26  mm.  in  length. 

Color:  Head  black,  with  the  following  marked  with  greenish  to 
brownish:  The  antennal  ledges  and  a  broad  spot  between  them  and 
the  eyes,  a  median  elliptical  spot  on  upper  portion  of  the  front  with 
sometimes  a  spot  caudad  of  this,  spots  at  basal  angles  of  the  front,  a. 
spot  laterad  of  each  lateral  ocellus,  and  irregular  spots  between  thes* 

21 — Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

and  the  eyes  along  the  posterior  margin.  Pronotum  largely  greenish, 
sometimes  varying  to  reddish-brown,  with  two  irregular  black  spots 
enclosing  a  median  wedge-shaped  green  spot.  Mesonotum  green  to  red- 
dish-brown, marked  with  black  as  follows:  Between  the  arms  of  the 
W,  a  large  spot  tapering  to  posterior  margin  on  each  side  laterad  of 
the  W,  and  a  smaller  spot  on  each  side  laterad  of  this,  the  latter  two 
spots  on  each  side  often  fusing,  and  a  large  black  spot  in  front  of  the 
cruciform  elevation  with  a  long  slender  point  reaching  between  the 
two  middle  arms  of  the  W.  Abdominal  terga  usually  black,  though  some- 
times the  posterior  margins  are  testaceous.  Wings  with  veins  all 
greenish  to  reddish-brown  basally,  becoming  darker  apically.  The  cross 
veins  between  Rn  and  R^.-,  and  between  the  latter  and  Mi  are  distinctly 
darkened  and  practically  spot-like.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore 
wings  are  greenish  anteriorly;  the  flaps  of  both  wings  are  grayish. 
Beneath  brownish,  entirely  pruinose  when  fresh,  rubbed  specimens 
showing  oblong  black  spot  at  base  of  each  abdominal  sternite.  Opercula 
usually  lighter  than  rest  of  under  side.  Legs  light,  excepting  front 
legs,  becoming  darker  apically. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 23       to  26 

Width  of  head 10       to  12 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 66       to  76 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 10       to  11 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 5       to  5 . 5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 7 . 5  to  8 

The  opercula  are  slightly  overlapping  medially,  the  apices  are  very 
broadly  rounded,  the  inner  margin  being  slightly  longer  than  the  outer. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  has  a  stout  but  acute 
median  spine,  which  clearly  exceeds  the  rounded  lateral  angles.  The 
uncus  when  viewed  laterally  is  curved  and  widens  till  near  the  apex, 
when  the  inner  margin  suddenly  tapers  and  forms  an  angle  with  the 
outer  margin.  Viewed  caudally  it  is  a  large  sclerite,  about  twice  as  long 
as  wide,  scarcely  tapering  to  the  broadly  rounded  apex,  and  broadly  and 
rather  deeply  emarginate  dorsally.  The  ventral  piece  is  deeply  U-shaped. 
The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  fully  twice  as  wide  as  long  and 
hemispherical  in  outline.  The  pyfogers  of  the  female  have  a  stout  but 
very  acute  median  spine  which  strongly  exceeds  the  lateral  angles.  The 
last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  is  distinctly  sinuate  laterally  and  the 
posterior  margin  is  broadly  but  angularly  emarginate  fully  one-half  of  the 
distance  to  the  base.  The  ovipositor  has  lateral  pieces,  each  bearing  about 
fourteen  teeth  or  ridges,  which  are  for  the  most  part  separated  by  deeper 
incisions  than  in  the  other  species  examined.  The  ovipositor  in  this  case 
seems  to  be  specifically  distinct. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  so  far  been  reported  from 
Kansas  only.  It  is  apparently  most  abundant  in  the  eastern 
part  of  the  state,  as  shown  by  the  county  records  on  the  follow- 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID^:.  323 

ing  map.  The  records  from  Riley,  Cowley  and  Russell  coun- 
ties are  those  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College. 
Further  collecting  will  doubtless  reveal  this  species  from  the 
neighboring  states. 


Tibicen  lyricen  (DeG.). 

(PI.  xviii,  figs.  5-6:  pi.  xxiv,  fig.   1;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  8;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  11.) 
Cicada  lyricen  DeG.,  Memoires,  iii,  p.  212,  pi.  32,  fig.  23,  1773. 
Cicada  fulrula  Osb.,  Ent.  News,  xviii,  p.  322,  1906. 
Cicada  lyricen  Sm.  &  Grsb.,  Ent.  News,  xviii,  p.  125,  1907. 
Cicada  lyricen  Barb.,  Proc.  Ent.  Soc.  Wash.,  xiv,  p.  210,  1912. 
Tibicen  li/ricen  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  491,  1917. 
Tibiffn  lyricen  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  147,  pi.  8,  fig.  1,  1918. 

A  black  and  fulvous  species  of  about  the  same  size  or  slightly  larger 
than  T.  pruinosa.  Specimens  at  hand  measure  from  31  to  34  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  with  the  following  marked  with  fulvous:  The  an- 
tennal  ledges  and  a  spot  from  them  to  the  eyes,  a  median  elliptical  spot  on 
the  upper  portion  of  the  front,  caudad  of  this  a  triangular  median  spot, 
a  spot  laterad  of  this  at  each  corner  of  the  front,  a  spot  laterad  of  each 
lateral  ocellus,  and  irregular  spots  on  posterior  margin  of  head  laterad 
of  the  latter.  The  eyes  are  dark  fulvous.  Pronotum  mostly  fulvous  in 
our  specimens  but  with  collar  and  lateral  margins  always  black,  and 
with  two  large  black  median  lines  which,  narrowing  posteriorly,  meet  at 
the  collar,  thus  enclosing  an  elongate,  median,  fulvous  spot.  Mesonotum 
fulvous,  with  space  between  outer  arms  of  W  entirely  black,  a  black  spot 
on  each  side  laterad  of  this,  a  black  line  on  each  side  near  the  margin, 
and  a  large  black  spot  between  the  W  and  the  usually  fulvous  cruciform 
elevation.  Abdominal  terga  black,  the  posterior  margin  of  the  first  seg- 
ment sometimes  fulvous.  Pruinose  markings  on  first  segment  either 
absent,  reduced  to  lateral  spots,  or  forming  a  narrow  line.  In  some 
specimens  lateral  pruinose  spots  on  the  seventh  tergite  are  visible  from 
above.  Wings,  with  the  exception  of  the  black  basal  portion  of  media, 
have  the  veins  greenish  on  basal  half  and  dark  fulvous  apically.  Some- 


324  THE    UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

times  the  green  is  largely  replaced  by  the  fulvous.  The  cross  veins 
between  R:)  and  RI+.I  and  between  the  latter  vein  and  Mi  are  distinctly 
darkened.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  for  the  most  part  are 
greenish;  flaps  of  fore  wings  dark  gray,  those  of  hind  wings  lighter. 
Beneath  the  body  is  entirely  pruinose  with  the  exception  of  the  black 
median  portion  of  the  abdomen.  The  opercula  are  paler  than  the  rest  of 
the  body.  The  legs  are  fulvous,  becoming  paler  apically. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 31       to  34 

Width  of  head 14       to  15 

Expanse  of  fore  wings   100       to  102 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing    14       to  15 

Greatest  width  of  operculum .  6.5  to  7 

Greatest  length  of  operculum  9       to  10 

The  opercula  are  about  as  broad  as  long,  excluding  the  extension  be- 
yond the  coxal  cavity.  They  overlap  medially  and  the  posterior  margins 
are  broadly  rounded,  the  inner  margin  of  the  apex  being  longer  and 
straighter  than  the  outer  margin. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  has  a  stout  median  spine 
which  scarcely  exceeds  the  rounded  lateral  angles.  The  uncus,  when 
viewed  laterally,  is  stout  and  curved,  the  inner  margin  tapering  rather 
suddenly  apically  to  the  obtuse  apex.  Viewed  caudally  it  is  a  large 
sclerite,  distinctly  narrowed  toward  the  obtusely  rounded  apex,  and  with 
a  large  triangular  depression  on  the  dorsal  portion  of  its  caudal  aspect. 
The  ventral  piece  is  strongly  U-shaped.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the 
male  is  fully  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  slightly  but  distinctly  emarginate 
apically.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have  a  slender  and  acute  median 
process  which  greatly  exceeds  the  lateral  angles.  The  last  ventral  seg- 
ment of  the  female  is  very  broad  and  narrow,  the  lateral  margins  dis- 
tinctly sinuate,  and  the  posterior  margin  with  a  large  and  broadly 
rounded  emargination  which  reaches  about  one-third  of  the  distance  to 
the  base.  The  ovipositor  is  rather  sparsely  toothed,  each  lateral  piece 
bearing  about  ten  rather  blunt  teeth  or  ridges. 

Distribution:  Specimens  of  this  species  have  been  taken  in 
Cherokee,  Wilson,  Elk,  and  Riley  counties.  It  may  be  that  this 
state  is  its  northwestern  limit  for  Van  Duzee  records  it  as  an 
eastern  and  southern  form  found  in  Ontario,  Rhode  Island, 
New  York,  New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Florida,  Alabama, 
Ohio,  and  Indiana.  Smith  and  Grossbeck  record  it  from  New 
Brunswick  also. 

Remarks:  Davis  states  that  the  song  of  this  species  is  a 
monotonous  zing. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID^:.  325 

Tibicen  resonans   (Walk.). 

(PI    xix.  fisjs.  3-4:  pi.  xxiv,  fig.  6;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  13;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  9.) 
Cicfiila   rrxonanx  Walk..    List    Honiop.,   i,   p.   106,    1850. 
Cicada  resonanx  Davis,  Jl.  X.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  p.  6,  pi.  1,  fig.  2,  1915. 
'fibii-,-,1  reionqnt   Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  493,  1917. 
Tibicen  resonans  Davis,  Jl.  X.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  148,  1918. 

A  ferrugineous  and  black  species  of  large  size.  Specimens  at  hand 
measure  from  38  to  40  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  with  ferrugineous  spots  as  follows:  Along  the 
antennal  ledges  and  on  to  the  eyes,  a  median  and  two  lateral  spots  at  the 
base  of  the  front,  and  irregular  marks  along  the  posterior  margin  laterad 
of  the  lateial  ocelli  to  the  eyes.  Pronotum  mostly  ferrugineous  with  the 
grooves,  an  almost  continuous  line  along  the  anterior  margin,  parts  of 
the  lateral  margins  and  other  variable  spots,  black.  Mesonotum  ferrugin- 
eous with  black  spots  as  follows:  Between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a  usually 
smaller  spot  on  each  side  laterad  of  this,  a  spot  along  each  lateral  margin, 
and  a  large  transverse  spot  cephalad  of  the  ferrugineous  cruciform  eleva- 
tion which  has  a  slender  anterior  process  reaching  between  the  median 
arms  of  the  W.  The  wings  have  the  veins  entirely  ferrugineous  as  are 
the  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings.  The  cross  veins  between  R,  and  be- 
tween Ri--.  and  between  the  latter  vein  and  Mi  are  clearly  but  not  strongly 
darkened.  The  flaps  of  both  wings  are  grayish  or  buff.  The  abdominal 
terga  are  black.  Beneath  the  insect  is  dark  brown  or  ferrugineous  with 
the  opercula  lighter.  The  specimens  at  hand  are  partly  pruinose.  The 
legs  are  ferrugineous. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 38  to  40 

Width  of  head   17  to  17.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 115 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 15 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 8 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 8 

Opercula,  excluding  extension  beyond  the  coxal  cavity,  broader  than 
long,  overlapping  for  a  short  distance  medially,  the  posterior  margins 
forming  a  broad  and  nearly  regular  curve. 

Genitalia:  Supia-anal  plate  of  male  with  a  broad  but  shallow  median 
emargination  which  bears  a  broad  and  short  but  distinct  median  tooth 
which  is  shorter  than  the  lateral  angles.  The  uncus,  when  viewed  later- 
ally, is  broad  basally,  narrowed  medially,  and  then  expanding  apically 
much  like  a  horse's  foot.  Viewed  caudally  it  is  broader  than  long, 
slightly  narrowing  to  the  broad,  truncate  apex.  The  ventral  piece  is 
strongly  U-shaped,  its  arms  turning  strongly  laterad  apically.  The  last 
ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  distinctly  less  than  twice  as  broad  as  long, 
the  lateral  margins  regularly  narrowing  to  the  broad  truncate  apex.  The 
pygofers  of  the  female  have  an  acute  median  tooth  which  distinctly  ex- 
ceeds the  lateral  angles.  Last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  with  sinuate 
lateral  margins,  the  posterior  margin  broadly  and  angularly  emarginate 


326  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

half  way  to  the  base.  The  ovipositor  is  characterized  by  the  regularity 
of  the  teeth  of  the  lateral  pieces  each  of  which  bears  about  ten  teeth  or 
ridges. 

Distribution:  The  only  record  of  this  species  for  the  state 
is  that  given  by  Mr.  Wm.  T.  Davis  who  reports  a  single  speci- 
men from  Kansas  in  the  Museum  of  Comparative  Zoology.  Van 
Duzee  gives  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  and  Alabama 
as  the  other  states  in  which  it  occurs.  Davis  reports  specimens 
from  Mississippi  and  Louisiana  in  addition.  Thus  it  is  seen  to 
be  a  distinctively  southern  species. 

Remarks:  Davis  reports  this  species  as  being  found  in  the 
sand  ridges  in  North  Carolina.  The  specimens  examined  were 
kindly  sent  me  by  him  from  this  state. 

Tibicen  auletes  (Germ.). 

(PI.  xix,  figs.  5-6;  pi.  xxv,  fig.  1;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.   1;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.   1.) 
Cicada  auletes  Germ.,  Silb.  Rev.  Ent,,  ii,  p.  65,  1834. 
Tettigonia  grossa?  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  p.  678,  1775. 
Cicada  grossa  Oliv.,  Encyc.  Meth.,  v,  p.  747,  1790. 
Cicada  auletes  Harris,  Kept.  Ins.  Mass.,  p.  176,  1841. 
Cicada  sonora?  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  i,  p.  105,  1850. 
Cicada  literata  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  i,  p.  91,  1850. 
Cicada  auletes  Harris,  Treat.  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.,  edn.  3,  p.  218,  1862. 
Cicada  marginata  How.,  Insect  Book,  p.  232   (emarginata),  pi.  28,  fig.  19,  1905. 
Cicada  marginata  Sm.  &  Grsb.,  Ent.  News,  xviii,  pi.  3,  fig.  1,  1907. 
Rihana  grossa  Dist.,  Genera  Ins.,  fasc.  142,  p.  29,   1912. 
Cicada  auletes  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  p.  2,  pi.   1,  fig.  1,   1915. 
Cicada  auletes  Weiss,  Ent.   News,   xxvii,  p.   162,  1916. 
Tibicen  auletes  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  492,  1917. 
Tibicen  auletes  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  149,   1918. 

A  greenish-brown  and  black  or  nearly  fulvous  and  black  species  of 
very  large  size.  This  is  the  largest  of  our  cicadas,  the  specimens  at  hand 
measuring  from  40.5  to  42  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  marked  with  greenish-brown  as  follows:  A  spot 
along  antennal  ledges  which  broadens  on  towards  the  eyes,  an  elongate 
median  spot  on  upper  portion  of  front,  a  median  and  two  lateral  spots  at 
base  of  front,  and  irregular  spots  beginning  laterad  of  the  lateral  ocelli 
and  extending  along  posterior  margin  to  the  eyes.  Pronotum  mostly 
greenish-brown,  with  two,  black,  triangular,  median  spots  tapering  pos- 
teriorly to  the  collar  and  enclosing  an  elongate  light  stripe  and  each,  in 
our  specimens,  with  a  fulvous  spot  in  anterior  portion.  The  portion  back 
of  the  eyes  is  also  black  and  connects  with  a  black  narrow  line  which 
runs  along  the  groove  in  front  of  the  collar.  The  lateral  margins  are 
narrowly  black.  Mesonotum  mostly  black,  the  median  arms  of  the  W 
being  fulvous,  these  fulvous  lines  broadening  and  extending  laterad  and 
caudad  to  the  cruciform  elevation  which  is  greenish-brown.  The  lateral 
margins  of  the  mesonotum  are  also  fulvous.  Abdominal  terga  black,  the 
basal  segment  and  the  last  three  segments  being  pruinose  in  fresh  speci- 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^.  327 

mens.  The  wings  have  the  veins,  with  the  exception  of  the  basally  ful- 
vous media,  greenish-brown  basally,  becoming  darker  apically.  The 
cross  veins  between  R,  and  R<+,  and  between  the  latter  and  M,  are  dis- 
tinctly darkened.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  greenish-brown. 
The  flaps  are  grayish  to  brownish  in  color.  Beneath  the  insect  is  olive- 
green  and  pruinose  in  fresh  specimens.  The  legs  are  of  about  the  same 
color. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 40 . 5  to     42 

Width  of  head    18.5  to     19 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 116       to  122 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 19       to     19.5 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 9.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 12 

The  opercula  are  very  large  and  broad,  separated  at  base  medially, 
but  overlapping  quite  strongly  for  a  short  distance,  the  outer  margins 
slightly  sinuate,  and  the  apices  broadly  rounding. 

Genitalia:  The  supra- anal  plate  of  the  male  has  a  very  broad  but  short 
median  process  which  does  not  equal  the  rounded  lateral  angles.  The 
uncus,  when  viewed  laterally,  is  broad  basally,  narrowed  medially,  and 
then  enlarged  at  the  apex  which  somewhat  resembles  a  horse's  hoof. 
Viewed  caudally  it  is  a  comparatively  short  and  very  broad  sclerite  with 
its  truncate  apex  slightly  but  distinctly  emarginate.  The  last  ventral 
segment  of  the  male  is  fully  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  margins  slightly 
sinuately  tapering  to  the  rounded,  almost  truncate  apex.  The  pygofers 
of  the  female  have  a  broad  and  short  but  acutely-pointed  median  spine 
which  scarcely  exceeds  the  lateral  angles.  The  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  female  has  the  lateral  margins  practically  straight  and  the  broad 
angular  emargination  of  the  posterior  margin  extends  half  way  to  the 
base.  The  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  each  bears  three  slight  ridges 
followed  by  about  ten  fairly  distinct,  rounded  teeth. 

Distribution:  In  the  collection  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricul- 
tural college  are  specimens  which  were  taken  in  Riley  county. 
Davis  records  specimens  from  Labette  county  also.  As  far  as 
the  writer  knows  these  are  the  only  two  records  of  the  occur- 
rence of  this  insect  in  the  state.  Davis  states  that  it  is  found 
from  eastern  Kansas  and  Nebraska  to  Michigan  and  Massa- 
chusetts, and  southward  along  the  coast  to  Florida.  Van 
Duzee  records  it  from  Massachusetts,  New  York,  New  Jersey, 
Maryland,  District  of  Columbia,  North  Carolina,  South  Caro- 
lina, Georgia,  Florida,  Alabama,  Louisiana,  Mississippi,  Michi- 
gan, Missouri,  and  Kansas.  It  would  seem,  therefore,  that 
Kansas  is  its  western  limit. 

Remarks:  Concerning  the  song  of  this  species  Davis  writes : 
"Its  song  is  monotonous  in  tone  and  not  loud,  considering  the 


328  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

size  of  the  insect.    It  often  commences  to  sing  late  in  the  after- 
noon and  continues  off  and  9n  until  dark." 

The  specimens  examined  by  the  writer  were  taken  in 
Georgia. 

Tibicen  dorsata  (Say). 

(PI.   xx,   fi-s.   .Vfi;   pi.   xxiv,  fig.  8;   pi.  xxvi,   fig.  4:   pi.   xxvii,   fiu'.   7.) 

Cicada  dorsata  Say,  .11.  Acad.  X;it.  Sri.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  331,  1825;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii,  p.  252. 
Thopha  caria  Walk.,  List  Hotnop.,  i,  p.  42,  1850. 
fidicina  craxxa  Walk.,   Ins.  Saund.,  Homop.,  p.  10,   1858. 
Cicada  dorxala  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  i,  p.  342,  1876. 
Cicada  dorsata  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  152,  1892. 
Cicada  dorsata  Tuck.,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  iv,  p.  64,  1907. 
Cicada  dorsata  Davis.  ,11.   N.  Y.  Ent.   Soc.,  xxiii,   pp.  161,   164,    1915. 
Tibicen  dorsata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  495,  1917. 

A  large  greenish-yellow  and  black  species.  Specimens  at  hand  vary  in 
length  from  31  to  38  mm. 

Color:  Head  mostly  black  but  with  yellowish-green  spots  running 
along  antennal  ledges  to  eyes,  each  of  which  spots  usually  contains  a 
small  black  spot,  and  with  irregular  light  spots  along  posterior  margin 
laterad  of  the  lateral  ocelli.  Also  on  the  upper  part  of  the  front  there  is 
a  small  elliptical  light  spot.  Pronotum  yellowish-green,  usually  with  the 
two  attenuated,  black,  median  triangles  which  enclose  a  light  median  line, 
and  usually  widen  out  making  the  groove  cephalad  of  the  collar  black. 
Often  only  parts  of  these  triangles  are  present.  Sometimes  the  part 
back  of  the  eyes  is  black  as  is  also,  a  very  narrow  portion  of  the  lateral 
margins.  The  mesonotum  has  the  following  parts  black:  Between  the 
arms  of  the  W,  a  long  posteriorly  narrowing  line  on  each  side  laterad  of 
this,  and  a  pair  of  narrower  lines  on  the  lateral  margins,  also  a  large 
triangular  spot  cephalad  of  the  light  cruciform  elevation  which  sends  an 
anterior  process  cephalad  between  the  inner  arms  of  the  W.  The  arms  of 
the  W  apically,  the  lateral  margins  and  the  depressions  around  the  cruci- 
form elevation,  are  all  heavily  pruinose.  The  abdominal  terga  are  black 
with  a  row  of  dorsal  white  spots.  The  first  segment  has  lateral  white 
spots,  the  third  segment  often  with  a  narrow  pruinose  line  along  the 
anterior  margin,  and  the  rest  of  the  segments  pruinose  laterally,  the  last 
segment  often  being  entirely  pruinose.  The  wings  have  the  veins,  with 
the  exception  of  the  usually  black  base  of  media,  yellowish-brown  and  be- 
coming darker  apically.  The  cross  veins  between  R.  and  R4+.-,  and  between 
the  latter  and  Mt  are  distinctly  darkened.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore 
wings  are  brownish,  and  the  flaps  of  both  wings  are  grayish,  the  first  ones 
with  an  orange  tinge.  The  wings  appear  strongly  vitreous  due  to  the 
unusual  corrugation  of  the  membrane,  and  are  slightly  clouded  apically. 
Beneath  the  insect  is  testaceous,  the  opercula  lighter,  and  in  fresh  speci- 
mens is  entirely  pruinose.  The  legs  are  of  about  the  same  color  as  the 
under  side,  the  posterior  ones  being  darkest.  They  are  distinctly  striped. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^E. 


329 


Form :  The  following:  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 31       to     38 

Width  of  head 12 . 5  to     15 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 90       to  105 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 15       to     19 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 6.5  to       8.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 9       to     14 

The  opercula  are  distinctly  longer  than  broad,  slightly  overlapping 
medially,  the  lateral  margins  recurved,  and  the  posterior  margins  evenly 
and  broadly  rounded. 

Genitalia :  Supra-anal  plate  of  male  roundly  emarginate  posteriorly, 
without  any  signs  cf  a  median  tooth,  the  lateral  angles  strongly  angulate. 
Uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  broadest  at  the  base,  curving,  the  apex  obtuse. 
Viewed  caudally  the  general  form  is  triangular,  but  the  apex  is  quite 
broad  and  almost  truncate.  The  ventral  piece  has  two  short  and  stout 
arms  which  are  not  deeply  cleft.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is 
not  quite  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  is  very  broadly  rounded  cr  nearly 
truncate  posteriorly.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have  a  short  median 
spine  which  does  not  exceed  the  well-rounded  lateral  margins.  The  last 
ventral  segment  of  the  female  has  the  lateral  margins  straight,  the  pos- 
terior margin  with  a  rounded  emargination  reaching  half  way  to  the 
base.  The  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  have  well-developed  teeth  or 
ridges,  about  six  of  the  thirteen  on  each  side  being  prominent. 

Distribution:  Our  records  indicate  that  this  species  is  our 
most  widely  distributed  form  in  the  state.  It  has  been  taken 
in  over  thirty  counties  from  all  parts  of  the  state.  The  records 
from  Russell  and  Riley  counties  are  those  of  the  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  College.  Those  from  Clay  and  McPherson  coun- 
ties are  by  Davis.  Van  Duzee  records  it  from  the  following 
other  states :  Missouri,  Iowa,  Nebraska,  Arkansas,  New  Mex- 
ico, Texas  and  Colorado.  The  following  map  shows  its  distri- 
bution in  Kansas : 


330  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Tibicen  resh  (Hald.). 

(PI.  xx,  figs.  3-4;  pi.  xxiv,  fig.   7;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  2;   pi.  xxvii,  fig.  5.) 
l"«;idu  i-cxh  Hald.,  Stansb.  Salt  Lake  Exped.,  p.  369,  pi.  9,  fig.  17,   1852. 
Ci,;i<l,,  robtrtaoni  Fh.,  Trans.  N.  Y.  Agr.  Soc.,  xiv,   (1854),  p.  745,   1855. 
Ciciidn  roberttoni   Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  p.   164,   1915,    (synon.   of  rexl). 
Ci,;i,ln   1-enh  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  p.  5,  pi.   1,  fig.  3,   1915. 
Tihi<;;,  rrxh  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip  N.  A.,  p.  493,  1917. 
Tibicen  resh  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  149,  1918. 

A  large  yellowish-green  and  black  species.  Specimens  at  hand  meas- 
ure from  32  to  35  mm. 

Color:  Head  mostly  black,  but  with  large  triangular  spots  along  an- 
tennal  margins  to  eyes,  an  oval  spot  on  upper  portion  of  front,  triangular 
spots  at  base  of  front,  a  spot  just  caudad  of  this,  and  irregular  spots  on 
each  side  along  posterior  margin  laterad  of  the  lateral  ocelli,  yellowish- 
green.  Pronotum  yellowish-green,  marked  with  black  as  follows:  Two 
small  triangular  spots  on  anterior  margin  which  sometimes  run  back- 
ward and  fuse  with  the  black  converging  lines  in  the  grooves  which  run 
back  to  the  collar,  and  with  two  spots  laterally  in  groove  cephalad  of 
collar.  In  dark  specimens  the  entire  anterior  margin  of  the  pronotum 
may  be  black,  as  well  as  the  entire  groove  cephalad  of  the  collar.  Such 
forms  have  the  two  large  black  characteristic  median  triangles  which  en- 
clcse  a  median  elongate  greenish  spot.  Mesonotum  largely  black,  with 
two  elongate  lateral  greenish  to  brownish  spots  on  each  side  and  a 
median  pair  of  spots  of  the  same  color  which  form  the  Hebrew  letter  resh 
inverted.  The  abdominal  terga  are  black  as  a  rule,  but  often  have  the 
posterior  margins  brownish.  The  wings  have  the  veins  greenish  basally, 
with  the  possible  exception  of  media,  but  they  become  brownish  apically. 
The  cross  veins  between  R(  and  R^s  and  between  the  latter  and  Mi  are 
strongly  darkened.  The  basal  areole  of  the  fore  wings  is  greenish  while 
the  flaps  of  both  wings  are  a  brownish-gray.  Beneath  the  insect  is  usually 
testaceous  and  in  fresh  specimens  is  pruinose.  The  legs  are  also  testa- 
ceous, the  femora  streaked,  and  the  tarsi  and  tibiae  darker. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 32       to     35 

Width  of  head 14.5  to     16.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings  98       to  107 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 15       to     16 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 7       to       7.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum  9       to       9.5 

The  opefcula  are  about  as  broad  as  long  excluding  the  extension  be- 
yond the  coxal  cavity.  They  overlap  very  slightly  medially,  and  the 
posterior  margins  are  broadly  and  evenly  rounded. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  has  a  broad  and  stout 
but  very  low  median  process  which  does  not  equal  the  rather  pointed 
lateral  angles.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  widest  at  the  base,  some- 
what curving,  and  widened  again  apically,  with  the  apex  rather  truncate. 
Viewed  caudally  it  is  a  broad  and  short  sclerite,  the  apex  quite  truncate 
and  shallowly  notched.  The  ventral  piece  has  the  slender  arms  widely 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^E.  331 

and  deeply  separated  and  each  curves  laterad  apically.  The  last  ventral 
segment  of  the  male  is  nearly  twice  as  wide  as  long,  with  the  apex  broad 
and  truncate  and  with  a  very  slight  median  emargination.  The  pygofers 
of  the  female  have  the  usual  stout"  and  acute  median  tooth  which  far  ex- 
ceeds the  distinctly  angulate  lateral  angles.  The  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  female  has  the  lateral  margins  distinctly  sinuate  and  the  broad 
angular  emargination  of  the  posterior  margin  reaches  fully  half  way  to 
the  base.  Each  of  the  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  bears  about  seven 
very  indistinct  and  rounded  teeth.  Should  this  condition  prove  constant 
it  would  be  of  taxonomic  value. 

Distribution:  While  we  have  a  goodly  number  of  specimens 
of  this  species,  an  examination  shows  that  they  were  all  taken 
in  Elk  county  and  this  seems  to  be  our  only  record  for  the  state. 
Van  Duzee  gives  Mississippi,  Louisiana,  Oklahoma,  Texas  and 
Utah  as  the  states  in  which  it  has  been  taken.  Thus  it  seems 
to  be  more  common  in  the  South,  and  may  prove  to  be  distinctly 
southern  if,  as  Davis  surmises,  the  Utah  record  may  not  be 
authentic. 

Tibicen  marginalis  (Walk.). 

(PI.  xix,  figs.  1-2;  pi.  xxiv,  fig.  9;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  5:  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  3.) 
Cicada  marginalis  Walk.,  List  Homop.,  iv,  p.  1128,  1852   (n.  n.  for  marginata  Say). 
Cicada  marginata  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Nat.   Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.   330,   1825;   Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  251. 

Cicada  marginata  Uhl.,  Stand.  Nat.  Hist.,  ii,  p.  227,  1884. 


Cicada  tn 
Cicada  m 
Cicada  m 


Cicada  >» 
Cicada  m 


rginala  Woodw.,   Psyche,  v.   p.   68,   1888. 

rginata  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  150,  1892. 

rginata  Macg.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxiii,  p.  81,   1901. 

rginata  Sm.  &  Grsb.,  Ent.  News,  xviii,  p.   128,  1907. 

rginata  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  p.  4,  pi.  2,  fig.  1,  1915. 

rginata  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  p.  240,  pi.  18,  figs.  2,  4,  1915. 


Tibicen  martrinalis  Van  D.,  Check  List  Hemip.,  p.  55,  1916. 
Tibicrn  tnarninalia  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  493,  1917. 
Tibicen  ntaryinalis  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  150,  1918. 

A  very  large  greenish  and  black  or  greenish-yellow  and  black  species. 
Specimens  at  hand  measure  from  36  to  39  mm.  Smith  and  Grossbeck  state 
that  specimens  examined  by  them  averaged  over  40  mm. 

Color:  Head  mostly  black,  with  a  broad  greenish-yellow  stripe  along 
anterior  margin  from  the  front  to  the  eyes,  a  spot  of  the  same  color  on 
upper  portion  of  front  and  also  along  posterior  margin  laterad  of  the 
lateral  ocelli.  Pronotum  greenish-yellow  with  two,  small,  black,  median, 
triangular  spots  at  anterior  margin  and  sometimes  with  black  spots  ex- 
tending cephalad  from  collar  to  meet  these,  thus  enclosing  an  elongate, 
light,  median  dash  which  frequently  contains  a  black  median  line.  Meso- 
notum  mostly  black,  the  W  being  greenish-yellow  with  the  angles  greatly 
enlarged  and  laterad  of  this  is  a  large,  almost  fulvous  spot  on  each  side. 
The  cruciform  elevation  is  of  about  the  same  color  as  these  lateral  spots. 
Abdominal  terga  black  with  the  posterior  margins  fulvous  or  testaceous 
as  are  also  the  tympanal  coverings  of  the  male.  The  wings  have  the  veins 
greenish  basally  and  brownish  apically.  The  cross  veins  between  R,  and 


332  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

R4tr,  and  between  the  latter  and  M,  are* not  at  all,  or  only  slightly,  in- 
fuscated.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  green;  the  flaps  of 
both  wings  are  greenish-yellow.  Beneath,  the  entire  surface  is  brownish 
or  testaceous  and  fresh  specimens  are  pruinose,  with  the  exception  of 
the  median  portion  of  the  abdomen  in  rubbed  specimens.  Legs  of  the  same 
color  as  the  under  side,  slightly  darkening  apically,  and  showing  dis- 
tinct ridges  on  the  femora. 

Form :  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the  speci- 
mens at  hand: 

Length  of  body 36       to     39 

Width  of  head 17       to     17 .25 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 107       to  112 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 17       to     18 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 7.5  to       8 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 8.5  to       9 

The  costal  margin  of  the  fore  wings  is  distinctly  bent  near  its  middle. 
The  opercula  are  only  slightly  longer  than  broad,  overlap  slightly  for 
a  short  distance  medially,  and  the  posterior  margins  are  broadly  and 
evenly  rounded. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  is  roundingly  and  deeply 
concave  between  the  lateral  angles,  and  there  are  no  signs  of  a  median 
tooth.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  stout  and  curving,  and  tapers  to 
a  rather  obtuse  apex.  Viewed  caudally  it  is  triangular,  the  apex  dis- 
tinctly pointed  but  obtuse,  and  with  the  usual  triangular  depression  on 
the  upper  portion  of  its  dorsal  aspect.  The  ventral  piece  is  strongly 
V-shaped,  the  arms  being  quite  stout.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the 
male  is  nearly  twice  as  broad  "as  long,  the  sides  slightly  sinuate  and 
the  apex  very  broadly  rounded  or  nearly  truncate.  The  pygofers  of  the 
female  have  distinct  but  rounded  lateral  angles  and  a  rather  long,  slender 
and  acute  median  tooth.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  has 
the  margins  straight  and  the  posterior  margin  is  broadly  and  roundingly 
errarginate  almost  one-half  the  distance  to  the  base.  Each  lateral  piece 
of  the  ovipositor  has  about  twelve  teeth  or  ridges  of  which  the  median 
six  teeth  are  quite  distinct. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  been  taken  in  six  counties  in 
the  state  as  shown  by  the  following  map.  The  localities  here 
given  would  indicate  its  distribution  at  least  over  the  eastern 
two-thirds  of  the  state.  The  records  from  Riley,  Russell,  and 
Ellis  counties  are  those  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege. Van  Duzee  records  its  occurrence  in  Florida,  Ohio,  Ken- 
tucky and  Texas,  as  well  as  in  Kansas.  Davis  says  it  is  a  cen- 
tral United  States  species. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADIWE. 


333 


Tibicen  dealbata  (Davis). 


(PI.  xx,  figs.  1-2;  pi.  xxiv,  fig.  10;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  3;  pi.  xs 
Cicada  marginata  var.  dealbata  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxii 
Tibicen  dealbata  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  493,  1917. 


ii,  fig.  17.) 
p.  162,  1915. 


A  large  green  and  black  species,  some  specimens,  however,  being  yel- 
lowish-brown and  black.  Specimens  at  hand  measure  from  32  to  37.5 
mm.,  most  of  them  averaging  about  35  mm. 

Co/w:  Head  yellowish-green,  with  a  black  transverse  band  between 
th?  eyes  which  is  broadened  medially  to  touch  the  posterior  margin  and 
the  base  of  4he  front,  the  latter  being  black  but  with  a  greenish  elliptical 
spot  on  its  upper  portion.  Pronotum  greenish,  with  two  irregular  median 
lines  usually  running  from  the  anterior  margin  to  the  collar  and  en- 
closing a  broad  median  stripe.  These  black  lines,  however,  are  often 
reduced  to  mere  'spots  at  the  anterior  margin  and  just  cephalad  of  the 
collar.  Mesonotum  greenish  or  brownish,  marked  with  black  as  follows: 
Between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a  long  posteriorly  tapering  line  on  each  side 
laterad  of  this  which  attains  the  posterior  margin  and  is  connected  to 
the  W  by  a  black  line  at  about  its  middle,  a  narrower  lateral  stripe  on 
each  side,  and  a  large  spot  cephalad  of  the  cruciform  elevation  which 
sends  a  median  process  cephalad  between  the  median  arms  of  the  W. 
In  the  specimens  at  hand  the  lateral  margins,  the  portion  in  front  of 
the  cruciform  elevation,  and  three  short  narrow  stripes  at  the  tips  of 
the  arms  of  the  W  are  pruinose.  The  abdominal  terga  are  black  with 
the  posterior  margins  of  the  segments  and  frequently  the  sides  of  the 
terminal  segments,  yellowish  or  brownish.  Usually  there  is  a  dorsal 
median  row  of  pruinose  spots  and  the  sides  are  strongly  pruinose.  The 
wings  have  the  veins  greenish  basally  and  brownish  apically.  The  cross 
veins  between  Rs  and  Rio  and  between  the  latter  and  M,  are  usually 
slightly  darkened.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  greenish 
and  the  flaps  are  brownish  while  the  flaps  of  the  hind  wings  are  more 
grayish.  Beneath  the  body  is  greenish  and  in  fresh  specimens  is  en- 
tirely pruinose.  The  legs  are  also  greenish  but  with  a  tendency  to 
become  brown  apically. 


334 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 32       to     37 . 5 

Width  of  head 14.5  to     16.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 97       to  110 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 17       to     18 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 6.5  to       7.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 9.5  to     10 

The  opercula  are  distinctly  longer  than  broad  if  the  extension  beyond 
the  coxal  cavity  be  included.  They  overlap  slightly  for  a  short  distance 
medially  and  the  posterior  margin  is  broadly  rounded,  the  mesal  portion 
distinctly  longer  and  straighter  than  the  outer  part. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  is  roundingly  excavated 
apically  and  without  a  median  tooth  or  with  the  bare  suggestion  of  a 
very  broad  one.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  regularly  curved  and 
narrowed  to  the  obtuse  apex.  Viewed  caudally  it  is  distinctly  triangular, 
the  apex  being  quite  pointed.  The  ventral  piece  has  the  arms  deeply 
and  rather  narrowly  divided  to  receive  the  apex  of  the  uncus.  The 
last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long 
and  the  apex  is  distinctly  rounded.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have 
a  large  but  acute  median  spine  which  strongly  exceeds  the  distinct 
lateral  angles.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  is  comparatively 
long,  with  the  lateral  margins  distinctly  sinuate  and  with  the  angular 
excavation  of  the  posterior  margin  reaching  slightly  over  one-third  of 
the  distance  to  the  base.  Each  of  the  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor 
bears  three  faint  ridges  followed  by  about  ten  teeth,  the  third  to  sixth 
of  which  are  large  and  distinct. 

Distribution:  This  species  seems  to  be  well  distributed  over 
the  western  two-thirds  of  the  state  as  shown  by  the  following 
map.  Davis  reports  it  from  Colorado  also. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^E.  335 

Remarks:  Davis  originally  described  this  species  as  a  va- 
riety of  T.  marginalis,  saying  that  he  considered  it  as  more  of 
a  mountainous  form  than  the  typical  marginalis.  Its  recorded 
distribution  in  Kansas  would  seem  to  indicate  the  correctness 
of  his  view  as  to  its  ecological  distribution. 

Tibicen  eugraphica  (Davis). 

(PI.  xxi,  figs.   7-8;   pi.  xxv,  fig.  2;   pi.  xxvi,   fig.   7;   pi.  xxvii,  fig.   2.) 
Cicada  euyraphica  Davis,  Jl.  X.   Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiv,  p.  52,  pi.  5,  fig.  3,  1916. 
Tibicen  eugraphica  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  492,  1917. 

A  small  black  species  marked  with  yellowish-orange.  The  speci- 
mens at  hand  measure  from  18  to  24  mm.,  the  average  being  about  22  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  marked  with  yellowish-orange  as  follows:  An 
elliptical  spot  on  upper  part  of  front,  a  spot  on  each  side  above  antennae 
and  running  along  base  of  front,  a  spot  on  each  side  above  the  antenna 
and  between  the  latter  and  the  eyes,  and  irregular  spots  laterad  of 
lateral  ocelli  and  running  along  posterior  margin.  Pronotum  yellowish- 
orange,  often  with  the  two  black  median  triangles  entire  though  some- 
times broken  with  orange,  the  grooves,  humeral  angles,  and  anterior 
margin  of  collar  also  irregularly  black.  Mesonotum  yellowish-orange, 
marked  with  black  as  follows:  Between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a  pair  of 
large  spots  laterad  of  these  and  extending  to  the  posterior  margin,  small 
spots  on  the  lateral  margins,  and  caudad  of  the  W  a  cross-shaped  spot 
which,  however,  is  often  reduced  to  just  the  standard,  on  either  side  of 
which  there  are  always  two  black  dots.  Abdominal  terga  usually  black, 
sometimes  dark  brown,  the  posterior  margins  yellowish-brown.  Fore 
wings  with  costal  margins  light  to  about  the  middle,  beyond  this,  along 
with  the  rest  of  the  veins,  dark  brown.  Cross  veins  between  R3  and 
R,-  and  between  the  latter  and  Mi  are  perfectly  clear.  The  basal 
areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  also  clear,  while  the  flaps  of  both  wings 
are  grayish.  Beneath  the  insect  is  brownish,  the  opercula  lighter,  and 
in  fresh  specimens  the  whole  surface  is  pruinose.  The  legs  are  yellowish- 
orange  and  streaked  with  testaceous. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 18  to  24 

Width  of  head 8  to     9.25 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 62  to  69 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wings 9  to  10 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 6 

The  opercula  are  distinctly  wider  than  long  excluding  the  extension 
beyond  the  coxal  cavity.  The  mesal  margins  nearly  or  just  touch,  the 
lateral  margins  are  sinuate,  while  the  posterior  margins  are  broadly 
and  evenly  rounded. 

Gentalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  has  a  broad  rectangular 
notch  apically  in  which  is  just  the  suggestion  of  a  median  tooth.  Viewed 
laterally  the  lateral  angles  have  a  small  but  distinct  anteriorly  project- 


336  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

ing  tooth.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  appears  stout,  with  a  distinct 
backwardly-projecting  knob  at  its  central  portion,  and  terminates  in  a 
stout  but  acutely-pointed  claw  which  extends  cephalo-ventrad.  Viewed 
caudally  it  is  wish-bone  shaped,  the  arms  strongly  curving  and  rather 
well  separated  apically.  The  ventral  piece  has  the  arms  separated  by 
a  broadly  rounded  incision  so  that  they  are  pressed  against  the  sides 
of  the  supra-anal  plate.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  about 
twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  lateral  margins  slightly  sinuate,  and  the  apex 
nearly  truncate.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have  the  lateral  margins 
rounding  to  the  acute  median  tooth.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the 
female  is  a  little  over  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  angulate  emargination 
of  the  posterior  margin  reaching  about  one-fourth  of  the  distance  to  the 
base.  The  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  each  bear  about  nine  rounded 
and  quite  distinct  teeth  cephalad  of  which  there  is  an  indistinct  ridge. 

Distribution:  While  there  are  a  goodly  number  of  specimens 
of  this  species  in  the  Snow  collection,  an  examination  reveals 
that  all  our  Kansas  specimens  were  taken  in  Barber  county. 
And  this  seems  to  be  the  only  record  for  Kansas.  Davis  re- 
ports this  species  from  Texas,  Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  Thus 
it  seems  to  be  a  distinctively  southern  form,  and  possibly 
reaches  its  northern  limits  in  Kansas. 

Remarks:  Two  of  the  specimens  at  hand  are  paratypes. 

Tibicen  vitripennis  ( Say ) . 

(PI.  xxi,  figs.  5-6;  pi.  xxv,  fig.  3;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  6;   pi.  xxvii,  fig.   4.) 

Cicada  vitripenitis  Say,  Jl.  Acad.  Xat.  Sci.  Phila.,  ii,  p.  236,  1830;  Cotnpl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  372. 

Cicada  albipennis  Woodw,  Psyche,  v,  p.  68.  1888. 

Cicada  vitripennis  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,   i,  p.   153,   1892. 

Cicada  vitripennis  Maeg.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxi.ii,  p.  83,  1901. 

Cicada  vitripennis  Snow,  Kans.  Univ.  Sci.  Bui.,  ii,  p.  349,  1904. 

Cicada  erratica  Osb.,  Ohio  Nat.,  vi,  p.  497,  1906. 

Cicada  erratica  New.,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent.,  Bui.  60,  p.  52,  1906. 

Cicada  vitripennis  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiv,  p.   58,  pi.   6,  figs.  3-4,   1916. 

Tibicen  vitripennis  Van  D.,  Cat.  Heinip.  N.  A.,  p.  497,  1917. 

A  rather  small,  usually  greenish  and  black  species  which,  however, 
varies  to  reddish-brown  and  black.  Specimens  at  hand  measure  from 
21  to  23  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  with  a  broad,  green  •  band  extending  from  the 
front  along  each  side,  along  the  antennal  ledges  to  the  eyes,  and  with 
large,  green  spots  laterad  of  the  lateral  ocelli  and  extending  along  the 
posterior  margin  to  the  eyes.  This  leaves  the  black  portion  of  the  head 
in  the  form  of  a  cross  with  a  short  and  broad  standard  extending  from 
the  front  to  the  posterior  margin,  and  long  and  slender  arms  reaching  t«j 
the  eyes.  Pronotum  mostly  green,  with  two  black  triangular  spots  on 
anterior  portion  which  taper  posteriorly  and  then  widen  just  cephalad 
of  the  collar  into  triangular  spots,  the  four  enclosing  an  elongate  median 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADIDJE.  337 

green  mark.  The  furrows  are  also  more  or  less  blackened  and  the  lateral 
angles  bear  black  spots  which  sometimes  extend  in  a  narrow  line  along 
the  anterior  margin  of  the  collar.  Mesonotum  green,  strongly  marked 
with  black  as  follows:  Between  the  arms  of  the  W,  large  triangular 
spots  laterad  of  these  tapering  to  posterior  margin,  and  just  caudad  of 
the  W,  a  distinct  cross  with  a  short  and  stout  standard  and  with  the 
apices  of  the  arms  enlarged.  The  cruciform  elevation  is  light.  Ab- 
dominal terga  are  black,  the  posterior  margins  testaceaus,  the  first  seg- 
ment and  sometimes  also  the  second,  with  a  distinct  median  testaceous 
line.  The  wings,  as  described  by  Say,  are  "vitreous  immaculate,"  the 
cross  veins  being  not  at  all  darkened.  The  veins  of  the  fore  wing,  with 
the  exception  of  media,  are  green  basally  and  testaceous  apically.  The 
basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  entirely  clear,  while  the  flaps  of  both 
wings  are  gray.  Beneath  the  body  is  entirely  pruinose  in  fresh  specimen?-, 
except  for  the  median  black  stripe  on  the  abdomen.  The  opercula  are 
lighter  than  the  rest  of  the  under  side.  The  legs  are  pale  brown,  with  a 
distinct  tendency  to  have  ridged  femora  and  greenish  tibia?. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 21         to  23 

Width  of  head 9 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 66 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 9         to     9.5 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 5.25  to     5.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 6.5     to     6.75 

The  opercula  are  broad  and  short,  the  inner  margins  strongly  angled, 
with  the  points  of  the  angles  distinctly  separated,  and  with  the  posterior 
margins  broadly  rounded. 

Genitalia:  Supra-anal  plate  of  male  broadly  and  deeply  excised  be- 
tween the  rounded  but  slightly  toothed  lateral  angles.  Uncus,  viewed 
laterally,  is  stout  basally,  with  a  short  inner  tooth  and  an  outer  larger 
curving  and  acutely-pointed  one.  Viewed  caudally  it  is  wish-bone  shapeJ, 
the  arms  gradually  separating  to  the  apices.  They  are  not  as  widely 
separated  or  as  curving  as  in  T.  eugraphica.  The  ventral  piece  is  strongly 
U-shaped,  the  arms  rather  short  and  slender  and  widely  separated, 
fitting  against  the  sides  of  the  supra-anal  plate.  The  last  ventral  seg- 
ment of  the  male  is  not  quite  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  sides  sinuately 
tapering  to  the  well-rounded  apex.  The  margins  of  the  pygofers  of  the 
female  curve  evenly  to  the  base  of  the  well  developed  and  acute  median 
spine.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  has  the  sides  roundingly 
narrowed  to  the  deeply  emarginate  posterior  margin,  the  emargination 
reaching  nearly  half  way  to  the  base  and  having  its  margins  slightly  but 
distinctly  emarginate.  Each  of  the  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  bears 
about  eleven  teeth  or  ridges,  of  which  six  are  large  enough  to  be  very 
distinctly  seen. 

Distribution:  The  only  counties  in  the  state  from  which  we 
have  records  of  this  species  are  Clark,  Sumner  and  Barber. 

22— Sci.  Bui. — 3058 


338  THE    UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

These  being  in  the  extreme  southern  part  of  the  state,  indicate 
the  southern  distribution  of  this  species.  This  is  confirmed  by 
the  distribution  given  by  Van  Duzee,  who  records  it  from  tho 
following  states:  Florida,  Louisiana,  Indiana,  Oklahoma, 
Texas,  and  Arizona.  Davis  reports  it  from  Nebraska  also. 

Remarks:  Davis  quotes  Prof.  R.  W.  Harned  as  stating  that 
this  species  is  found  only  oh  low  ground  or  in  swampy  places. 
In  his  article  on  Mississippi  cicadas  he  makes  Cicada  erratica 
a  synonym  of  this  species. 

Subfamily  CICADIN^E  Van  D. 

The  members  of  this  subfamily  do  not  have  the  perfect  tym- 
panal  coverings  possessed  by  the  males  of  the  preceding  sub- 
family, nor  are  these  coverings  entirely  absent,  as  in  the  males 
of  the  following  subfamily.  Our  species  are  medium  sized  or 
small  forms. 

The  two  genera  of  this  subfamily  represented  in  the  state 
may  be  separated  by  the  following  key : 

KEY   TO   GENERA. 

A.    Abdomen   translucent;    cross   vein   between    A:t   and    R^.-,   strongly 

oblique;  tympanal  coverings  of  male  large.  Cicada. 

A  A.  Abdomen  not  translucent;  cross  vein  between  R:!  and  R^s  perpen- 
dicular or  very  slightly  oblique;  tympanal  coverings  of  male  very 
small.  Proarna. 

Genus  CICADA  Linn. 

The  members  of  this  genus  that  occur  in  the  United  States 
are  rather  small  forms.  They  agree  with  the  genus  Tibicen  in 
having  the  tympanal  orifices  concealed  by  tympanal  coverings, 
but  not  perfectly,  and  yet  much  better  than  in  the  genus  Pro- 
arna. They  also  have  relatively  much  smaller  heads  than  do 
the  members  of  the  genus  Tibicen.  The  abdomen  is  very  char- 
acteristic, being  distinctly  translucent.  The  opercula  are  quite 
small  and  are  widely  separated.  They  differ  also  from  the 
genus  Proarna  by  having  the  cross  vein  between  R3  and  R4+5 
strongly  oblique  instead  of  perpendicular,  as  in  the  latter. 

A  single  member  of  the  genus  occurs  in  the  state. 

Cicada  hieroglyphica  Say. 

(PI.   xxiii.   tiers.    1--J:    pi.   xxv,   fig.   6;    pi.   xxvi,   fig.    16;   pi.   xxvii,   fig.    20.) 
Cicaaii    l,i,-,;,!,l;ii,l,;.;i    Say.    Jl.    Acad.    Nat.    Sci.    Phila.,    vi,    p.    235,    1830;    Compl.    Writ., 
ii.    p.    371. 

Cicada  characterea  Germ.,   Thon,  Ent.  Archiv.,   ii,  p.  40,   1830. 

Cicada  hieroglyphica  Harris.  Kept.  Ins.  Mass.,  p.  176,  1841. 

Tettigia  hieroylyphiea  T)ist.,  Biol.  Centr.  Am.,  Homop..  i,  p.  11,  pi.  3,  fig.  2,  1881. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^E.  339 

Tfttinin   /,iVi--,.-//,/y/«V«   Till..   Stand.   Nat.   Hist.,    ii.   p.  -j-7.    1  —  ; 


Tettigia  hieroglyphics  M 
Cirnrfa  hieroglyi>lnca  \u 
f'irada  hifroglyiihirti  Da 


Cicada  hifroalyphica  Va 
Cicada  hierogluphica  Da 


eg.,   Can.  Knt.,   xxxiii.   p.  83.   1901. 

D.,  Bui.  Buf.  Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix.  p.   1  s  I 
is.  Jl.   N.  Y.   Knt.  Hoc.,   p.   <>o.   pi.   . 

D.,  Cat.  Hemip.   N.   A.,   p.   49<i.    I'M  7 
is,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  152,  J918. 


A  rather  small  green  and  black  species  with  the  abdomen  more  yel- 
lowish-brown. Specimens  at  hand  measure  from  20  to  25  mm. 

Color:  Head  yellowish-green,  with  two  transverse  black  lines  before 
the  eyes  and  four  black  longitudinal  lines,  the  outer  ones  short,  running 
caudad  from  these.  Just  mesad  and  caudad  of  each  eye  there  are  also 
black  spots.  Pronotum  greenish-yellow,  marked  with  two  black  median  tri- 
angular spots,  enclosing  between  them  a  long  light  band,  and  uniting  in 
two  smaller  triangular  spots  just  cephalad  of  the  collar.  The  grooves  are 
also  black  and  there  are  black  spots  on  the  humeral  angles  and  small 
black  spots  are  scattered  here  and  there  over  the  surface.  Mesonotum 
yellowish-green,  marked  with  black  as  follows:  A  longitudinal  median 
line,  spots  between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a  small  triangular  spot  on  each 
side  at  anterior  margin  laterad  of  these,  and  a  large  spot  laterad  of  these 
small  spots,  and  a  black  spot  on  each  side  of  the  median  line  just  cephalad 
of  the  light  cruciform  elevation.  The  abdominal  terga  are  yellowish- 
brown,  the  last  segment  and  supra-anal  plate  being  darker  and  the  second 
segment  has  a  median  dorsal  black  line.  The  wings  have  the  veins  tawny 
to  brown  and  all  four  cross  veins  are  darkened,  there  also  being  small 
brown  dots  near  the  tip  of  each  vein.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings 
are  clear  and  the  flaps  of  both  wings  are  gray  with  a  tawny  tinge. 
Beneath  the  insect  is  a  little  lighter  than  above  and  fresh  specimens  are 
quite  pruinose.  The  legs  are  of  about  the  same  color  as  the  under  side, 
striped  with  testaceous,  and  darkened  apically. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 20  to  25 

Width  of  head 7  to    8 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 56  to  60 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 8  to     9 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 3.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum '3 

The  opercula  are  very  small,  evenly  curving  from  the  antero-lateral 
corner  to  the  point  where  the  two  opercula  come  nearest  together,  but 
even  at  this  point  they  are  far  apart.  In  the  male  the  sternites  of  the 
abdomen  are  distinctly  keeled. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  is  lightly  chitinized 
dorsally  at  the  apex  and  bears  a  small  median  process.  The  uncus,  viewed 
laterally,  is  large,  tapering  ventrally,  and  ending  in  an  obtuse  apex 
which  bears  a  small  point  extending  cephalad.  In  the  upper  portion  of 
its  lateral  aspect  is  a  triangular  membranous  part  which  seems  quite 
characteristic.  Viewed  caudally  the  uncus  is  narrow  at  the  top,  widest 
just  below  the  middle,  and  its  lower  margin  has  a  small  median  emargina- 
tion.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  nearly  as  long  as  broad, 


340  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

the  margins  are  slightly  sinuate  and  the  apex  is  broadly  rounded.  The 
pygofers  of  the  female  bear  a  long  median  spine  and  the  margins  are 
distinctly  and  obtusely  angulate.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female 
is  of  about  equal  length  throughout,  the  posterior  margin  bearing  two 
small  lobes  on  either  side  of  a  small  median  triangular  excavation.  The 
lateral  pieces  of  the  ovipositor  bear  rather  weak  teeth  of  which  only  two 
or  three  on  each  side  are  prominent,  the  remaining  four  or  five  being 
very  indistinct.  Cephalad  of  the  teeth  is  a  very  weak  ridge  on  each  side. 

Distribution:  The  only  record  of  the  capture  of  this  species 
in  Kansas  comes  from  Chautauqua  county.  Van  Duzee  records 
it  from  the  following  states  :  New  Jersey,  Pennsylvania,  North 
Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Mississippi,  Louisiana  and  Texas. 
Thus  it  would  seem  that  Kansas  forms  the  northwestern  limit 
of  this  species. 

Remarks:  The  males  of  this  species  seem  to  be  much  more 
common  than  the  females.  Mr.  Davis  kindly  loaned  me  one  of 
the  latter  and  states  that  they  are  comparatively  uncommon. 
He  says  they  occur  most  commonly  in  the  pine  barrens,  "where 
in  June  and  July  their  songs  constitute  an  almost  continuous 
performance." 

Genus  PROARNA  Stal. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  very  small  cicadas.  The 
tympanal  coverings  are  very  imperfect,  leaving  most  of  the 
tympanal  orifice  exposed.  The  abdomen  is  not  translucent  and 
the  cross  vein  of  the  fore  wings  between  Ri  and  R«^  is  very 
characteristically  perpendicular  instead  of  oblique.  The  oper- 
cula  are  small  and  do  not  approach  each  other  very  closely. 

A  single  member  of  the  genus  occurs  in  Kansas. 

Proarna  venosa  (Uhl.). 

(PI.  xxiij,  figs.  5-6;  pi.  xxv,  fig.  8;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  20;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.   8.) 
Prunasis  venosa  Uhl.,  Ent.  Am.,  iv,  p.  82,  1888. 
Prunasis  venosa  Macg.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxiii,  p.  77,  1901. 
Prunasis  venosa  Dist.,  Cat.  Homop.,  Cicadidas,  p.  152,  1906. 
Proarna  venosa  Dist.,  Ann.  Mag.  Nat.  Hist.,  ser.  8,  viii,  p.  134,  1911. 
Proarna  venosa  Dist.,  Genera  Ins.,  fasc.  158,  p.  16,'  1914. 
Proarna  venosa  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  497,  1917. 

A  very  small  pale  green  to  straw-colored  species.  Specimens  at  hand 
measure  from  11  to  13  mm. 

Color:  Head  greenish  or  straw-colored,  with  a  more  or  less  continuous 
brownish  transverse  band  between  the  eyes  and  extending  backward 
medially  to  enclose  the  ocelli.  The  antennal  ledges  also  are  usually  some- 
what brown.  Pronotum  yellowish-green,  immaculate,  or  with  the  humeral 
angles  darkened,  and  sometimes  the  grooves  slightly  darkened  also.  Some- 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID.E.  341 

times  there  is  a  suggestion  of  the  two  dark  median  triangles  on  the 
anterior  margin.  Mesonotum  yellowish-green,  marked  with  brown  as 
follows:  Between  the  arms  of  the  W,  a  large  posteriorly  tapering  spot 
on  either  side  laterad  of  this,  the  tips  of  the  anterior  arms  of  the  light 
cruciform  elevation,  and  two  faint  dots  just  cephalad  of  these.  Ab- 
dominal terga  straw-colored,  with  the  bases  of  the  segments,  especially 
laterally,  more  or  less  marked  with  fuscous.  The  wings  have  the  veins 
straw-colored  or  greenish  basally,  becoming  brownish  apically.  The  cross 
veins  between  R,  and  R4+5,  between  R4+5  and  M,,  and  between  M,  and 
M,  are  sometimes  slightly,  but  usually  distinctly  darkened,  and  there  is 
a  tendency  for  all  the  veins  to  be  slightly  smoky  apically.  The  basal 
areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  clear  and  the  flaps  of  both  wings  are  milky- 
white  to  straw-colored.  Beneath,  the  insect  is  straw-colored  or  yellowish- 
green,  with  the  opercula  lighter.  The  legs  are  straw-colored  with  the 
femora  distinctly  banded  with  fuscous. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the  speci- 
mens at  hand: 

Length  of  body 11         to  13 

Width  of  head    3 . 75  to     4 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 29         to  32 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 4         to     5 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 2         to     2.5 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 2.5     to     3 

The  opercula  are  distinctly  wider  than  long  excluding  the  extension 
beyond  the  coxal  cavity.  They  are  widely  separated  medially  and  are 
broadly  rounded  from  the  cephalo-lateral  angle  to  the  angulate  meso- 
caudal  angle  which  slightly  overlaps  the  metasternum. 

Genitalia:  Supra-anal  plate  of  male  with  a  very  wide  emargination 
posteriorly.  Viewed  laterally  there  is  a  very  strong  and  acute  dorsal 
point.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  enlarges  apically  and  is  bifid.  Viewed 
caudally  it  is  narrowest  basally,  widest  just  below  the  middle,  and  ends  in 
four  rounded  lobes.  The  ventral  piece  consists  of  two  very  widely  sepa- 
rated arms  which  lie  against  the  supra-anal  plate.  The  last  ventral  seg- 
ment of  the  male  is  about  twice  as  broad  as  long  and  the  truncate  pos- 
terior margin  is  very  slightly  emarginate  medially.  The  pygofers  of  the 
female  have  a  small  median  tooth  which  does  not  exceed  the  sinuated 
posterior  margins.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  is  about  three 
times  as  wide  as  long,  the  posterior  margin  being  broadly  emarginated 
about  one-third  of  the  distance  to  the  base,  the  sides  of  the  emargina- 
tion  themselves  being  slightly  notched.  The  lateral  pieces  of  the  ovi- 
positor each  bear  two  or  three  indistinct  ridges  which  are  followed  by 
four  prominent  teeth  and  these  by  three  smaller  and  indistinct  ones. 

Distribution:  The  only  counties  from  which  this  species 
seems  to  have  been  taken  are  Sumner  and  Barber.  Van  Duzee 
records  it  from  Texas  and  New  Mexico.  Accordingly  Kansas 
seems  to  be  the  northern  limit  of  its  range. 


342  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Subfamily  TIBICININ^  (Dist). 

The  members  of  this  subfamily  differ  from  those  of  the  pre- 
ceding in  that  the  males  do  not  have  any  tympanal  coverings 
at  all.  In  the  main  they  are  small  to  medium  sized  forms. 

There  are  four  genera  of  the  TibicininsR  represented  in  our 
Kansas  fauna.  These  may  be  separated  by  the  following  key : 

KEY    TO    GENERA 

A.    Cells  of  median  area  of  fore  wings  distinctly  longer  than  marginal 
cells. 
B.    Head  about  as  broad  as  base  of  mesonotum.  Opercula  nearly 

touching  medially.  Tibicina. 

BB.    Head  distinctly  narrower  than  base  of  mesonotum.     Opercula 
widely  separated. 

C.    Median  transverse  suture  of  elytra  not  very  evident. 

Okanagana. 
CC.    Median  transverse  suture  of  elytra  very  evident. 

Tibicinoides 

AA.    Cells  of  median  area  of  fore  wings  not  distinctly  longer  than  mar- 
ginal cells.  Melampsalta 

Genus  TIBICINA  Kol. 

The  tympanal  coverings  are  entirely  absent  in  this  genus,  in 
this  respect  agreeing  with  the  following  three  genera.  It  dif- 
fers from  them,  however,  in  having  a  relatively  broader  head 
which  is  as  broad  as  the  base  of  the  mesonotum.  Added  to  this 
is  the  characteristic  of  the  opercula  which  nearly  touch  me- 
dially. As  in  the  two  following  genera  the  cells  of  the  median 
area  of  the  fore  wings  are  distinctly  longer  than  the  marginal 
cells. 

The  single  member  of  the  genus  and  its  variety  occur  in  the 
state.  Only  the  17-year  race  has  been  definitely  recorded  from 
within  our  borders  though  the  13-year  race  comes  so  close  in 
Missouri  that  it  would  be  surprising  if  it  did  not  extend  west- 
ward over  into  the  state. 

Tibicina  sept endecim  (Linn.). 

(PI.  xxiii.  figs.  9-loTpl.  xxv,  fig.  5;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  14;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.   19.) 
Cicada  stptendecim  Linn.,  Syst.  Nat.,  edn.  10,  i,  p.  436,  1758;  edn.  12,  ii,  p.  708,  1767. 
Tettigonia  xtptendfdm  Fabr.,  Syst.  Ent.,  p.  679,  1775. 
Tettigonia  costalis  Fabr.,   Ent.  Syst.,   Suppl.,  p.   516,    1798. 
Cicada  xepttndecim  Germ.,  Thon,  Ent.  Archiv.,  ii,  p.  4,   1830. 
Cicada  stptendecim  Harris,  Rept.  Ins.  Mass.,  p.  167,  1841. 
Cicada  se/itendecim  Harris,  Treat.  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.,  edn.  2,  p.  180,   1852. 
Cicada  septendecirn  Jag.,  Life  of  N.  Am.  Ins.,  p.  64,  1859. 
Tibicen  geptendecim   Stal,   Ann.   Soc.   Ent.   Fr.,  ser.  4,  i,   p.   618,    1861. 
Cicada  xfptendtcim  Harris,  Treat.  Ins.  Inj.  Veg.,  edn.  3,  p.  206,   1862. 
Cicaila  *<'l,t,',ld,:-i,,,   Ril..   1st  Mo.  Kept.,  p.  18,  1868. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^E.  343 

Tibiccn   c<,.*ttili*  Stal.   Heniip.  Fahr.,   ii,   p.    116,    1869. 

Tibicfn  xf/,tendeci>n  Stal,  Heniip.  Fabr.,   ii,  p.  116,  1869. 

Cicada  nfptendecim   I'M.,  Stand.   Nat.   Hist.,   ii.   p.  227,    1884. 

Cicada  x<'i>l<-ndfc\ni  Lintn.,  2nd  R«pt.  X.  Y.  St.  Km.,  p.   HIT.  1885. 

Cicada  neptfiidfrin,  Ril.,   Rept.   U.  S.   Dept.  Agr.  for  1885,  p.  233. 

Tibiren  xrjttntdrcitii   Uhl..  Trans.   Md.  Acad.   Sci.,   i,  p.   160,   1892. 

Cicada  tepttndecim  Marl^  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Em..  Bui.  n.  s.  14.   1898. 

Tibicen  neptfndecim  Felt,   N.   Y.  St.  Mus.  Memoir,  8,  i,  p.  231,  pi.  46,  fig.  2,   1905. 

Tibicina    stptendrcim    Dist.,    Cat.   Homop.,    Cieadida?,   p.    125,    1906. 

Cicada  septenilecim  Marl.,   U..  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Km.,   Bui.   71.   1907. 

Tibicina  seplendecim  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.   X.  A.,  p.. 500,   1917. 

Tibicina  sfptendecini  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  152,  1918. 

A  medium  sized  black  and  orange  species.  Specimens  at  hand  measure 
from  28  to  30  mm. 

Color:  Head  entirely  black  except  sometimes  for  a  small  orange  med- 
ian triangle  at  the  posterior  margin.  The  eyes  are  either  black  or  orange 
in  the  dead  specimens.  Pronotum  black  except  laterally,  the  inflexed  por- 
tions being  of  an  orange  tinge.  Sometimes  the  collar  is  faintly  tinged 
with  the  same  colcr.  Mesonotum  black  except  for  narrow  lateral  orange 
stripes.  Abdominal  terga  black,  the  conjunctiva?  often  appearing  orange 
as  does  the  posterior  portion  of  the  last  segment  in  the  male.  The  wings 
have  the  costal  margin  and  the  veins  distinctly  orange  basally,  but 
apically  they  become  brown.  The  whole  wing,  especially  basally  and 
apically  is  mere  or  less  smoky.  The  W  at  the  cross  veins  is  quite  promi- 
nent. The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  a  very  dark  brown.  The 
flaps  are  grayish,  tinged  with  orange.  Beneath,  the  insect  is  mostly  black 
but  with  at  least  the  posterior  margins  of  the  abdominal  segments  nearly 
orange  and  with  the  light  color  extending  up  the  sides.  Often  the  ab- 
dominal sternites  are  entirely  brown.  The  legs  are  an  orange-brown, 
striped  with  testaceous,  the  tarsi  darker. 

Form :  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand : 

Length  of  body 28         to  30 

Width  of  head 8.75  to     9.25 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 80         to  88 

Greatest  width  cf  fore  wings 12.5     to  13.5 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 4.5 

The  opercula  are  quite  narrow,  having  the  outer  and  posterior  mar- 
gins forming  a  semicircle,  and  their  postero-mesal  margins  well  separated: 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  has  a  very  large  median 
projection.  Viewed  caudally  its  margins  are  inflexed  below  this  median 
tooth,  and  each  bears  near  its  middle  two  curving,  mesally  projecting, 
finger-like  processes  and  near  the  base  a  larger  and  more  strongly  haired 
one.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  has  the  form  of  a  triangle  with  its  apex 
bent  strongly  cephalad.  Viewed  caudally  it  has  the  form  of  two  sclerites 
extending  downward  from  the  anal  tube,  encircling  the  penis,  and  widen- 
ing below  it  into  two  triangular  processes  which  taper  to  acute  apices. 
The  penis  is  usually  strongly  protruded  from  between  the  two  parts  of 
the  uncus  and  possesses  terminally  two  very  characteristic  little  sclerites 


344 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


which  meet  dorsally  and  are  wide  apart  ventrally  and  whose  rounded 
margins  are  strongly  serrate.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is 
about  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  lateral  margins  sinuate  to  the  rounded 
posterior  margin.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have  the  margins  evenly 
rounding  to  the  prominent  median  spine.  The  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  female  has  a  very  large  incision  posteriorly  wtoich  reaches  over  one- 
half  the  distance  to  the  base.  The  ovipositor  is  provided  with  about 
thirteen  quite  even  and  similar  teeth  on  each  side. 

Distribution:  According1  to  Marlatt,  only  Broods  I  and  IV 
are  known  to  occur  in  Kansas.  The  former  brood  is  recorded 
by  him  (Bui.  71,  U.  S.  Dept.  Agr.,  Div.  Ent/,  1907)  from  Leav- 
cnworth  and  Dickinson  counties.  Brood  IV  is  our  big  brood 
and  is  recorded  from  the  counties  marked  on  the  following 
map.  In  addition  to  Marlatt's  record,  specimens  have  been 
taken  from  Atchison,  Butler  and  Riley  counties  and  these,  with 
the  records  of  Brood  I,  are  included  in  the  map.  None  of  these 
broods  go  further  west  than  Kansas,  and  it  is  very  likely  that 
other  broods  of  the  17-year  race  and  some  broods  of  the  13- 
year  race  occur  in  the  state,  but  there  seem  to  be  no  records 
of  them. 


Remarks:     Marlatt  gives  the  three  different  notes  charac- 
teristic of  the  song  of  this  species  as  follows : 

1.  At  the  height  of  the  season,  when  many  males  are  sing- 
ing together,  the  most  characteristic  note  is  represented  by  the 
letters  tsh-e-e-E-E-E-E-e-ou.    Thus  it  was  described  by  Fitch. 

2.  Early  in  the  season  when  few  males  have  emerged  the 
Pha-r-r-r-aoh  note  is  heard. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID.E.  345 

3.  The  clicking  note  "consisting  of  from  15  to  30  short, 
quick  sounds,  sometimes  double,  the  whole  lasting  about  five 

seconds." 

Tibicina  septendecim  var.  cassinii  (Fish.). 

Cicada  ca/sxinii  Fish.,  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.   Sci.  Phjla.,  v,  p.  272,  1851. 

Cicada  septendecim  var.  cattginii  Ral.,   1st  Mo.  Kept.,  p.  21,  1868. 

Cicada  septendecim  var.  cnxxinii  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  501,  1917. 

This  variety  occurs  along  with  typical  septendecim.  It  dif- 
fers from  the  latter  in  being  distinctly  smaller  and  in  usually 
having  the  under  side  of  the  abdomen  entirely  black.  Riley 
states  that  the  genital  hooks  of  the  male  (uncus)  vary  con- 
siderably in  this  variety  whereas  they  are  constant  in  typical 
septendecim.  At  any  rate  they  are  often  just  like  those  of  the 
latter. 

Genus  OKANAGANA  Dist. 

This  is  a  very  large  genus  the  members  of  which  are  most 
abundant  in  the  western  states.  As  in  Tibicina  the  cells  of  the 
median  area  of  the  fore  wings  are  distinctly  longer  than  the 
marginal  cells.  The  head  is  clearly  narrower  than  the  base  of 
the  mesonotum.  The  opercula  are  widely  separated.  The 
transverse  suture  of  the  fore  wings  is  not  as  distinct  as  in  the 
following  genus. 

Only  two  species  belonging  to  this  genus  are  known  to  occur 
in  Kansas.  They  may  be  separated  by  the  following  key : 

KEY   TO    SPECIES. 

A.    Species  smaller,  less  than  20  mm.;  black  and  hcney-yellow  in  color. 

synodica. 

A  A.    Species  larger,  over  20  mm.;  black  marked  with  reddish  or  orange. 

bella. 

Okanag ana  synodica  (Say). 

(PI.  xxii,  figs.  5-6;  pi.  xxv,  fig.  11;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  19;  pi.  xxvii.  fig.  15.) 
Cicada  synodica   Say,   Jl.   Acad.   Nat.   Sci.   Phila.,   iv,   p.   334,    1825;    Com  pi.   Writ.,    ii, 
p.  253. 

Cicada  synodica  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  i,  p.  341,  1876;  iii,  p.   4.r,:>.   1877. 
Ttbicen  synodica  \Voodw.,  Psyche,  v,  p.  68,  1888. 
Tibicr.n  xynodica  Mac?.,  Can.  Ent.,   xxxiii,  p.  78,   1901. 
Ok'inayana  synodica  Dist.,  Cat.  Homop.,  Cicadidae,  p.  126,  1906. 
Okanagana  synodica  Van  D.,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii.  pp.  27,  40,  1915. 
Okanayana  synmlica  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  503,   1917. 

A  small  black  and  honey-yellow  species.  Specimens  at  hand  measure 
from  15  to  18.5  mm. 

Color:  Head  mostly  black,  with  a  transverse  line  across  antennal 
ledges  and  base  of  front,  three  triangular  spots  on  posterior  margin  and 
median  line  on  front,  honey-yellow.  Pronotum  with  entire  margin  honey- 


346  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

yellow  except  for  black  spots  on  humeral  angles.  On  either  side  of  the 
pale  median  line  are  two  large  usually  quadrate  black  spots,  the  grooves 
on  either  side  of  these  are  broadly  black  and  parallel  to  the  lateral  mar- 
gins, and  extending  on  parallel  to  the  adjacent  portions  of  the  posterior 
margins,  are  right-angled  black  marks  on  either  side.  The  mesonotum  is 
honey-yellow  marked  with  black  as  follows :  Between  the  arms  of  the  W, 
a  line  extending  back  from  these  to  the  pale  cruciform  elevation  with  a 
dot  on  either  side,  and  laterally  two  large  triangular  posteriorly  tapering 
spots  which  reach  the  posterior  margin.  Abdominal  terga  black  with  the 
posterior  margins  honey-yellow,  the  terminal  segments  almost  wholly 
light.  The  wings  have  the  veins  almost  entirely  honey-yellow  but  slightly 
darkening  apically,  and  usually  distinctly  infuscated.  The  basal  areoles 
of  the  fore  wings  are  opaque  and  dark  brown  or  brownish-yellow.  The 
flaps  are  grayish  tinged  with  yellowish  or  orange.  Beneath  the  insect  is 
almost  wholly  honey-yellow.  The  legs  are  of  the  same  color  but  strongly 
marked  with  dark  brown,  the  tarsi  being  dark. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the  speci- 
mens at  hand: 

Length  of  body    15         to  18 . 5 

Width  of  head    4.5     to     5.25 

Expanse  of  fore  wings. 38         to  44 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 5.75  to     6 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 1 . 25  to     2 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 2.5     to     2 . 75 

The  opercula  are  very  small  and  narrow,  strongly  curved  on  both  sides 
and  ending  in  an  obtusely  pointed  apex  which  points  mesad  and  ends  in 
about  a  line  with  the  exterior  margin  of  the  coxa. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  is  slightly  but  broadly 
emarginate  on  the  posterior  margin.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  nar- 
row basally,  then  widens  to  widest  point  and  then  tapers  to  rather  obtuse 
apex.  Viewed  caudally  it  is  broadly  elliptical  and  slightly  emarginate 
ventrally.  The  ventral  piece  has  very  stout  arms  which  are  deeply 
divided  and  whose  apices  suddenly  narrow  and  turn  slightly  mesad.  The 
last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  distinctly  less  than  twice  as  wide  as 
long,  the  lateral  margins  are  distinctly  sinuate  and  the  apex  is  truncate. 
The  pygofers  of  the  female  have  the  posterior  margins  distinctly  sinuate 
to  the  very  small  but  distinct  median  tooth.  The  last  ventral  segment  of 
the  female  has  the  lateral  margins  slightly  sinuate  and  the  posterior  mar- 
gin is  broadly  and  deeply  emarginate  nearly  three-fourths  of  the  distance 
to  the  base.  The  ovipositor  is  stout  and  the  lateral  pieces  are  each  sup- 
plied with  about  thirteen  very  regular  ridges  and  teeth. 


LAWSON;     KANSAS   CICADIOE. 


347 


Distribution:  This  species  occurs  in  the  western  part  of  the 
state  as  shown  by  the  following  map.  The  records  from  Wai 
lace,  Logan  and  Rooks  counties  are  those  of  the  Kansas  State 
Agricultural  College.  Van  Duzee  records  it  from  Colorado  and 
New  Mexico.  Accordingly  Kansas  would  seem  to  be  the  east- 
ern limit  of  its  range. 


Okanagana  bella  Davis. 

(PI.  xxii.  figs.  3-4:  pi.  xxv,  fig.  10;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  17;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  21.) 
Okanayaiia  bella  Davis,  Jl.   X.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvii,  p.   198,  pi.  20,  fig.   1,  1919. 

A  medium-sized  black  species,  marked  with  reddish  or  orange.  Speci- 
mens at  hand  measure  from  21.5  to  22  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  with  antennal  ledges,  dash  back  of  median  ocellus, 
sometimes  two  spots  at  base  of  front  and  median  line  on  upper  portion  of 
front,  reddish-orange.  Pronotum  black,  sometimes  margined  all  around 
with  orange,  but  always  along  the  posterior  margin.  Mesonotum  black, 
anterior  arms  of  dark  cruciform  elevation  spotted  with  orange  and  in 
front  of  them  are  two  orange  spots.  The  metanotum  is  black,  the  pos- 
terior margin  being  orange.  Abdominal  terga  black,  posterior  margins 
narrowly  orange  dorsally,  the  orange  band  wider  laterally.  The  wings 
have  the  costal  margin  orange  to  the  end  of  the  radial  cell,  the  remainder 
of  the  veins  being  brown.  The  basal  areole  of  the  fore  wing  is  dark 
brown,  the  flaps  of  both  wings  and  parts  of  the  bases  of  each  wing  being 
strongly  orange.  Beneath  the  insect  is  orange  and  black,  the  abdominal 
sternites  with  the  posterior  margins  orange,  the  orange  replacing  the 
black  more  and  more  on  the  posterior  segments.  The  legs  are  orange  but 
strongly  marked  and  striped  with  black. 


348  THE   UNIVERSITY   SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 21'.  5  to  22 

Width  of  head    7       to     7.25 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 60       to  65 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 10       to  11 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 3 

Greatest  length  of  operculum   4 

Length  of  valve    5 

The  opercula  are  very  small,  widest  basally,  then  suddenly  narrowed 
due  to  a  sudden  incurving  of  the  lateral  margin.  Then  they  slightly 
widen  again  before  the  lateral  margin  meets  the  mesal  margin  in  an  ob- 
tuse point  which  points  mesad.  The  valve  is  quite  elongate  and  acutely 
pointed  apically. 

Genitalia;  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  is  very  slightly  emar- 
ginate  apically.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  narrow  basally,  then 
widened,  the  margins  subparallel  till  near  the  very  slightly  hooked  apex. 
Viewed  caudally  it  is  emarginate  apically  and  the  emargination  appears 
slightly  notched  on  each  side.  The  ventral  piece  has  the  arms  very  widely 
separated  and  each  is  slightly  notched  apically.  The  last  ventral  seg- 
ment of  the  male  is  nearly  as  long  as  wide,  the  lateral  margins  distinctly 
sinuate  and  the  posterior  margin  truncate.  The  pygofers  of  the  female 
have  the  posterior  margins  slightly  sinuate  on  either  side  of  the  stout 
median  terminal  projection.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  has 
the  lateral  margins  strongly  narrowed  and  the  posterior  margin  is 
angularly  emarginate  fully  one-half  the  distance  to  the  base.  The  ovi- 
positor is  stout,  the  lateral  pieces  each  bearing  about  a  dozen  broad  teeth. 

Distribution:  The  only  record  of  the  occurrence  of  this 
species  in  Kansas  is  that  given  by  Davis  who  states  that  there 
is  a  pair  of  specimens  of  this  species  from  this  state  in  the 
collection  of  the  Academy  of  Natural  Sciences,  Philadelphia. 
Presumably  it  occurs  in  the  western  part  of  the  state.  The 
specimens  examined  are  from  Colorado,  Arizona,  Utah  and 
Oregon.  In  addition  Davis  names  the  following  states  where 
this  species  is  known  to  occur:  New  Mexico,  Wyoming,  Mon- 
tana, Idaho,  California  and  Washington,  and  it  also  occurs  in 
Alberta  and  British  Columbia. 

Remarks:  As  Davis  mentions,  members  of  this  species  have 
in  the  past  been  confused  with  Okanagana  rimosa  (Say). 

Genus  TIBICINOIDES  Dist. 

The  members  of  this  genus  are  very  like  those  belonging 
to  the  genus  Okanagana.  The  chief  difference  lies  in  the  very 
evident  median  transverse  suture  of  the  fore  wings  which  is 
much  less  distinct  in  the  members  of  the  latter  genus. 

A  single  member  of  the  genus  occurs  in  Kansas. 


LAWSON:    KANSAS  CICADID^E.  349 

Tibicinoides  hesperius  (Uhl.). 

(PI.  xxiii,  figs.  3-4:  pi.  xxv,  fig.  9;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  18;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  14.) 
Cicada  hfxperia  Uhl.,  Bui.  U.  S.  Geol.  Geog.  Surv.,  i,  p.  342,  1876. 
Tibicen  hesperia  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  161,  1892. 
Tibicinii.'  lifx/n-rin  Dist.,  Cat.  Homop.,  Cicadidae,  p.  125,  1906. 
Tibicimiiili-x  ln-x,,i->'niii  Van  D..  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxiii,  pp.  27,  43,   1915. 
Tibicin»iil,'x  I,<>XJ,,',-;HK  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.  N.  A.,  p.  504,  1917. 
Okanayana  /«•*/<<  no  Pavis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvii,  p.  218,  1919. 

A  rather  small  honey-yellow  and  black  species  with  the  wings  clouded 
basally  and  strongly  marked  with  reddish  or  orange.  The  specimens  at 
hand  measure  from  19  to  21  mm. 

Color:  Head  black,  marked  with  yellowish  as  follows:  The  antennal 
ledges,  a  large  median  elliptical  spot  on  upper  portion  of  front,  often 
three  spots  at  base  of  front,  and  a  median  line  caudad  of  median  ocellus. 
Pronotum  black,  bordered  entirely  with  a  narrow  yellow  collar,  with 
yellowish  markings  in  grooves  and  on  lateral  parts.  Mesonotum  black, 
marked  with  yellowish  as  follows :  Tips  of  outer  arms  of  W  and  its  bases, 
the  extreme  lateral  margins,  and  cephalad  of  the  black-spotted  anterior 
arms  of  the  light  cruciform  elevation.  The  metanotum  is  mostly  yellowish. 
Abdominal  terga  mostly  yellowish,  the  first  two  segments  darker  and 
with  median  and  lateral  darker  lines  on  all  the  segments.  Sometimes 
the  abdomen  is  entirely  black  with  only  the  posterior  margins  yellowish. 
The  wings  have  the  costal  margin  yellowish  up  to  the  tip  of  the  radial 
cell,  otherwise  the  veins  are  brownish  to  black.  Usually  the  veins  are 
heavily  infuscated  up  to  the  marginal  cells,  giving  the  basal  portion  a 
brownish  color.  The  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  heavily  clouded 
with  brown.  The  flaps  of  both  wings  are  reddish  or  orange  as  are 
other  parts  of  the  base  of  the  hind  wings.  Beneath,  the  insect  is  honey- 
yellow,  strongly  marked  with  black,  the  abdomen  being  lighter  than 
the  other  parts.  The  legs  are  so  heavily  marked  with  black  as  to  appear 
nearly  entirely  dark. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 19       to  21 

Width  of  head   .  . 6.5  to  7.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings 51       to  53 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 7 . 5  to       9 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 2.5 

The  opercula  are  broader  than  long,  widest  at  the  base,  then  suddenly 
narrowed  by  the  excavation  of  the  lateral  margin,  the  obtuse  apex  point- 
ing mesad.  The  nodal  furrow  of  the  fore  wings  is  very  marked,  forming 
a  distinct  transverse  V  with  its  arms  widely  separated. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  is  very  slightly  but  dis- 
tinctly emarginate  posteriorly.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  is  widest 
near  the  base,  the  apex  having  a  distinct  downward  hook  due  to  a  ventral 
preapical  rounded  incision.  Viewed  caudally  it  narrows  apically  and 
shows  the  lower  margin  to  be  distinctly  emarginate.  The  ventral  piece 
has  its  arms  separated  by  a  wide  rounded  incision  and  their  apices  are 


350  THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 

turned  distinctly  mesad.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is  con- 
siderably less  than  twice  as  wide  as  long,  the  lateral  margins  are  strongly 
sinuate,  and  the  broad  truncate  apex  is  broadly  and  clearly  incised.  The 
pygofers  of  the  female  have  the  margins  regularly  curving  to  the  small 
but  stout  median  tooth.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  female  is 
quite  characteristic,  the  lateral  margins  being  sinuate  while  the  posterior 
margin  is  deeply  and  angularly  excavated  over  one-half  the  distance  to 
the  base,  the  margins  of  the  excavation  being  distinctly  notched.  The 
ovipositor  is  short  and  stout,  the  teeth  on  the  lateral  pieces  being  quite 
ro".nded  and  even,  about  a  dozen  on  each  side. 

Distribution:  This  species  has  been  taken  in  the  three  west- 
ern counties  of  Trego,  Ellis  and  Russell.  The  latter  two  records 
are  those  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  College.  Van  Duzee 
records  it  from  Colorado,  Nevada,  and  California.  Davis  men- 
tions New  Mexico,  Arizona  and  Montana  as  states  where  it 
occurs.  It  is  very  evidently  a  western  species  which  reaches 
its  eastern  limits  in  Kansas. 

Remarks:  There  seems  to  be  some  doubt  as  to  the  proper 
generic  disposition  of  this  species.  Davis  places  it  in  the  genus 
Okanagana  because  the  relative  size  of  the  marginal  cells  and 
those  of  the  median  area  of  the  fore  wing  is  about  the  same 
as  in  the  members  of  that  genus.  On  the  other  hand  the  color- 
ing of  the  fore  wings  is  that  of  the  genus  Tibicinoides  as  is 
also  the  very  conspicuous  nodal  furrow. 

Genus  MELAMPSALTA  Kol. 

These  are  very  small  cicadas.  The  tympanal  coverings  are 
lacking,  and  the  venation  of  the  fore  wings  is  very  characteris- 
tic in  that  the  marginal  cells  are  of  about  the  same  size  or  even 
longer  than  the  cells  of  the  median  area. 

The  single  member  of  the  genus  occurs  in  Kansas. 

Melampsalta  calliope   (Walk.). 

(PI.  xxiii,  figs.  7-8;  pi.  xxv,  fi?.  7;  pi.  xxvi,  fig.  21;  pi.  xxvii,  fig.  6.) 
Cicada  calliope  Walk.,   List  Homop..  i,  p.  212,   1850. 

Cicada  parvula  Say.  .11.  Ar:ut.  Nat.  Sci.  Phila.,  iv,  p.  233,  1825;  Compl.  Writ.,  ii, 
p.  253. 

Cicada  pallescens  Germ.,  Them,  Ent.  Archiv.,  ii,  p.  8,  1830. 

Carinela  parvula  Uhl.,  Ent.  Am.,  iv,  p.  22,  1888. 

Cicada  parvula  Uhl.,  Trans.  Md.  Acad.  Sci.,  i,  p.  165,  1892. 

Cicada  parrula  Macg.,  Can.  Ent.,  xxxiii,  p.  76,- 1901. 

Cicada  calliope  Kirk.,  Can.   Ent.,   xli,  p.  390,  1909. 

MelampsaUa  pan-ultt  Van  D.,  Bui.  Buf.   Soc.  Nat.  Sci.,  ix,  p.   184,   1909. 

Melampealta  calliope  Van  D.,  Cat.  Hemip.   N.  A.,  p.   506,   1917. 

Melampsalta  calliope  Davis,  Jl.  N.  Y.  Ent.  Soc.,  xxvi,  p.  154,  1918. 

A  very  small  yellowish-brown  to  greenish  species.  Specimens  at  hand 
measure  from  12.25  to  15.5  mm. 


LAWSON:     KANSAS   CICADID^.  351 

Color:  Head  in  brown  forms  either  practically  unmarked  or  with  an 
irregular  broad  transverse  black  band  with  a  distinct  dash  projecting 
cephalad  on  each  side  of  the  base  of  the  front  which  itself  is  basally  dark 
except  for  the  light  median  portion.  Pronotum  of  brown  forms  either 
unmarked  or  the  grooves  irregularly  marked  with  black.  The  mesonotum 
of  the  brown  forms  has  two  short  median  and  two  large  lateral  black 
linee.  The  abdominal  terga  of  the  brown  forms  may  be  unmarked  or 
darkened  basally  and  laterally.  The  wings  of  the  brown  forms  have 
brownish  veins,  the  basal  areoles  of  the  fore  wings  are  clear  and  the  flaps 
of  both  wings  are  grayish  with  a  brownish  tinge.  Beneath,  the  body  is 
nearly  uniformly  brown,  the  legs"  being  marked  with  darker  lines.  The 
green  forms  at  hand  are  uniformly  green  except  for  a  transverse  black 
band  on  the  head  cephalad  of  the  eyes,  black  spots  below  the  antennae,  and 
the  rostrum  and  tips  of  tarsi  blackish. 

Form:  The  following  are  the  measurements  in  millimeters  of  the 
specimens  at  hand: 

Length  of  body 12.25  to  15.5 

Width  of  head 3.5     to     4.5 

Expanse  of  fore  wings  33         to  40 

Greatest  width  of  fore  wing 5.5     to     7 

Greatest  width  of  operculum 3 

Greatest  length  of  operculum 3.25 

The  cells  of  the  median  area  of  the  forewing  are  of  about  the  same 
size  or  shorter  than  the  marginal  cells.  This  is  most  constant  in  regard 
to  the  relative  length  of  cells  1st  R-,  and  2nd  R.-.. 

The  opercula  are  quite  small,  about  as  broad  as  long,  widely  separated 
medially,  and  broadly  rounding  laterally  and  posteriorly. 

Genitalia:  The  supra-anal  plate  of  the  male  when  viewed  laterally  is 
seen  to  be  strongly  pointed  dorsally  and  to  have  a  distinct  caudally-pro- 
jecting  dorsal  lobe  on  the  posterior  margin,  just  below  which  is  a  smaller 
rounded  lobe.  The  uncus,  viewed  laterally,  appears  like  a  short,  acute, 
curved  process.  Viewed  caudally  it  consists  of  two  diverging  processes 
which  taper  to  subacute  apices.  The  last  ventral  segment  of  the  male  is 
triangular,  about  one-third  wider  than  long,  the  lateral  margins  sinuately 
tapering  to  the  obtuse  apex.  The  pygofers  of  the  female  have  the  mar- 
gins sinuate  to  the  base  of  the  large  median  spine.  The  last  ventral 
segment  of  the  female  is  very  short  and  the  posterior  margin  is  broadly 
and  triangularly  emarginate  nearly  to  the  base.  The  ovipositor  is 
equipped  with  about  ten  distinct  and  well  rounded  teeth  on  each  side. 


352 


THE   UNIVERSITY    SCIENCE   BULLETIN. 


Distribution:  This  is  a  quite  common  species  in  the  state. 
The  records  show  it  to  be  well  distributed  over  Kansas  as 
shown  by  the  following  map.  The  records  from  Riley  and 
Russell  counties  are  those  of  the  Kansas  State  Agricultural  Col- 
lege. Van  Duzee  records  it  from  the  following  other  states : 
New  Jersey,  North  Carolina,  Georgia,  Florida,  Tennessee, 
Louisiana,  Arkansas,  Illinois,  Nebraska,  Iowa,  Colorado  and 
Texas.  Davis  reports  it  from  Mississippi  also. 


Explanation  of  Plates. 

(353) 


23— Sci.  Bui.— 3058 


PLATE  XVIII. 
MALE  GENITALIA. — 

1.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  linnet. 

2.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  linnei. 

3.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  prtiino'iaa. 

4.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  pruinosa. 

5.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  lyricen. 

6.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  lyricen. 

(354) 


PLATE  XVIII. 


(355) 


PLATE  XIX. 
MALE  GENITALIA — 

1.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  marginal-is. 

2.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  marginalis. 

3.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  resonans. 

4.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  resonans. 

5.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  auletes. 

6.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  auletes. 

(356) 


PLATE  XIX. 


6 


(357) 


PLATE  XX. 
MALE  GENITALIA — 

1.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  dealbata. 

2.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  dealbata. 

3.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  resh. 

4.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  resh. 

5.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  dorsata. 

6.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  dorsata. 

(358) 


PLATE  XX. 


(359) 


PLATE  XXI. 
MALE  GENITALIA — 

1.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  bifidus. 

2.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  bifidus. 

3.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  superba. 

4.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  superba. 

5.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  vitripennis. 

6.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  vitripennis. 
1.    Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  eugraphica. 
8.    Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  eugraphica. 

f.360) 


PLATE  XXI 


(361) 


PLATE  XXII. 
MALE  GENITALIA — 

1.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicen  aurifera. 

2.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicen  aurifera, 

3.  Caudal  view  of  Okanagana  bella. 

4.  Lateral  view  of  Okanagana  bella,. 

5.  Lateral  view  of  Okanagana  synodica. 

6.  Caudal  view  of  Okanagana  synodica 

(362) 


PLATE  XXII. 


(363) 


PLATE  XXIII. 
MALE  GENITALIA — 

1.  Lateral  view  of  Cicada  hieroglyphica. 

2.  Caudal  view  of  Cicada,  hieroglyphica. 

3.  Lateral  view  of  Tibicinoides  hesperius. 

4.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicinoides  hesperius. 

5.  Caudal  view  of  Proarna  venosa. 

6.  Lateral  view  of  Proarna  venosa. 

1.    Caudal  view  of  Melampsalta  calliope. 

8.  Lateral  view  of  Melampsalta  calliope. 

9.  Caudal  view  of  Tibicina  septendecim  var.  cassinii. 
10.    Lateral  view  of  Tibicina  septendecim  var.  cassinii. 

(364) 


PLATE  XXIII. 


(365) 


PLATE  XXIV. 
OVIPOSITORS — 

1.  Tibicen  lyricen. 

2.  Tibicen  linnei. 

3.  Tibicen  pruinosa. 

4.  Tibicen  superba. 

5.  Tibicen  aurifera. 

6.  Tibicen  resonans. 

7.  Tibicen  resh. 

8.  Tibicen  dorsata. 

9.  Tibicen  marginalis. 
10.    Tibicen  dealbata. 

(366) 


PLATE  XXIV 


^ 

a 


6 


(367) 


PLATE  XXV. 
OVIPOSITORS — 

1.  Tibicen  auletes. 

2.  Tibicen  eugraphica. 

3.  Tibicen  vitripennis. 

4.  Tibicen  bifidus. 

5.  Tibicina  septendecim. 

6.  Cicada  hieroglyphica. 

7.  Melampsalta  calliope. 

8.  Proarna  venosa. 

9.  Tibicinoides  hesperius. 

10.  Okanagana  bella. 

11.  Okanagana  synodica. 

(368) 


PLATE  XXV. 


P 


I 


¥. 


8 


9 


10 


(369) 


24— Sci.  Bui. — 3<>~» 


PLATE  XXVJ. 
LAST  VENTRAL  SEGMENT  OF  THE  MALE— 

1.  Tibicen  auletes. 

2.  Tibicen  resh. 

3.  Tibicen  dealbata. 

4.  Tibicen  dorsata. 

5.  Tibicen  marginalis 

6.  Tibicen  vitripennis 

7.  Tibicen  eugraphica. 

8.  Tibicen  lyricen. 

9.  Tibicen  bifidiis. 

10.  Tibicen  pruinosa. 

11.  Tibicen  linnei. 

12.  Tibicen  superba 

13.  Tibicen  resonans. 

14.  Tibicina  septendecim. 

15.  Tibicen  aurifera. 

16.  Cicada  hieroglyphica. 

17.  Okanagana  bella. 

18.  Tibicinoides  hesperius. 

19.  Okanagana  synodica 

20.  Proarna  venosa. 

21.  Melampsalta  calliope. 

(370) 


PLATE  XXVI. 


18 


19 


PLATE  XXVJI. 
LAST  VENTRAL  SEGMENT  OF  THE  FEMALE — 

1.  Tibicen  auletes 

2.  Tibicen  eugraphica: 

3.  Tibicen  marginalia. 

4.  Tibicen  vitripennis 

5.  Tibicen  resh. 

6.  Melampsalta  calliope. 
1.  Tibicen  dorsata. 

8.  Proarna  venosa. 

9.  Tibicen  resonans. 

10.  Tibicen  pruinosa. 

11.  Tibicen  lyricen 

12.  Tibicen  aurifera. 

13.  Tibicen  bifidus. 

14.  Tibicinoides  hesperius. 

15.  Okanagana  synodica. 

16.  Tibicen  linnei 

17.  Tibicen  dealbata. 

18.  Tibicen  superba 

19.  Tibicina  septendecim. 

20.  Cicada  hieroglyphica. 

21.  Okanagana  bella. 

(372) 


PLATE  XXVII. 


13 


14 


15 


20 


21 


INDEX. 


_M   .  PAGE 

auletes,  1  ibicen  .............................................  32g 

aurifera,  Tibicen  ................................  32j 

bella,  Okanagana  ......................................  347 

bifidus,  Tibicen  .......................................  ..315 

calliope,  Melampsalta  ..................................  350 

cassinii,  var.  Tibicina  septendecim  ........................  345 

Cicada  ...........................................  .............  338 

hieroglyphica  ...............................................   338 

Cicadidae  .......................................................   309 

Cicadinse  .......................................................   338 

Key  to  genera  ...............................................  338 

dealbata,  Tibicen  ................................................   333 

dorsata,  Tibicen  .................................................  328 

eugraphica,  Tibicen  ...................................... 

Explanation  of  plates  ......................................... 

hejperius,  Tibicinoides  ...........................................   349 

hieroglyphica,  Cicada  ..................  ..........................   3S8 

linnei,  Tibicen  ...................................................   320 

lyricen,  Tibicen  .................................................   323 

marginalis,  Tibicen  ..............................................   331 

Melampsalta  .............................................  .  ......   350 

calliope  ...................... 

Okanagana  .....................................................   345 

bella  .......................................................   347 

Key  to  species  ............................................. 

synodica  ..................................................   ^45 

Proarna  ................................................ 

venosa  ............................................. 

pruinosa,  Tibicen  ................................................   318 

resh,  Tibicen  ...........................................  320 

resonans,  Tibicen  ............................ 

septendecim,  Tibicina  ..................................... 

Subfamilies,  Key  to  ................................ 

superba,  Tibicen  ................. 

synodica,  Okanagana  ............................................   34o 

Tibicen 

auletes  ...................... 

aurifera  ................................................. 

bifidus  ............................................ 

dealbata  ...................... 

dorsata  .......................... 

eugraphica 

Key  to  species 

linnei  ............................... 

323 


.................. 

marginalis  ....................... 

pruinosa 

rocV> 

resn  ................................ 

resonans  ...................... 

superba  ............... 

vitripennis  .............. 

Tibiceninse  ..................... 

Tibicina  ......................... 

septendecim  ...... 

septendecim  var.  cassinii 

(375) 


376  INDEX. 


Tibicininae 342 

Key  to  genera 342 

Tibicinoides 348 

hesperius 

venpsa,  Proarna 340 

vitripennis,  Tibicen 336 


n 


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"The  Horn  Fly  of  Cattle."    V.  L.  Kellogg  (with  F.  H.  Snow). 

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"The  Green  Bug  and  Its  Natural  Enemies."     S.  J.  Hunter. 
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S.  J.  Hunter,  A.  L.  Skoog,  W.  K.  Trimble,  N.  P.  Sherwood. 
"Orchard  Problems  and  How  to  Solve  Them."    H.  B.  Hungerford. 
"Studies  in  Kansas  Insects." 

1.  Grasshoppers;  Melanopli  of  Kansas.     P.  W.  Classen. 

2.  Grasshoppers;  GEdipodinse  of  Kansas.     R.  H.  Beamer. 

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